本文選題：消費(fèi)死亡　切入點(diǎn)：喪葬經(jīng)濟(jì)　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文是筆者在南京所作的喪葬消費(fèi)民族志研究。筆者試圖通過(guò)具體翔實(shí)的田野資料來(lái)展現(xiàn)處理人生最后一道關(guān)口的喪儀在當(dāng)下社會(huì)如何運(yùn)作以及將喪葬視若市場(chǎng)平臺(tái)的條件下,喪屬與中介商家的互動(dòng)如何使得死亡消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄M(fèi)死亡。喪葬禮是針對(duì)死亡事件的一種儀式,有著一整套復(fù)雜的過(guò)程。實(shí)施和參與儀式的人們?nèi)缤谶M(jìn)行一場(chǎng)表演,他們專(zhuān)注于儀式的各個(gè)程序和細(xì)節(jié),要求按照傳統(tǒng)的方式做的準(zhǔn)確,借此擁有豐富喪事經(jīng)驗(yàn)的喪葬中介一條龍?jiān)趩识Y中就扮演了不可或缺的角色,他們遵循傳統(tǒng)禮數(shù)操辦喪禮,避免禁忌,使得祖先能走的愉快并且庇護(hù)后人。同時(shí),中介很好的協(xié)調(diào)了喪屬在派出所和殯儀館服務(wù)程序的辦理。值得注意的是,在喪禮的舉辦過(guò)程中,所有的行業(yè)都從喪事中賺錢(qián)。墓地價(jià)格不斷攀升,殯儀館追思廳的租用費(fèi)越來(lái)越高,使得人們普遍叫苦不迭,高呼"死不起"。除墓園和殯儀館外,屬喪葬中介一條龍獲利較多。由于這一公開(kāi)的事實(shí),加入這一行當(dāng)?shù)娜藛T越來(lái)越多,市場(chǎng)飽和后,惡性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)逐漸展開(kāi)。中介個(gè)體戶攀附殯儀館以獲得自己的資源優(yōu)勢(shì),進(jìn)而為喪屬提供一條龍服務(wù)。另外中介低廉的一條龍服務(wù)費(fèi)的報(bào)價(jià)背后是誘導(dǎo)喪屬選擇自己的服務(wù),進(jìn)而推銷(xiāo)昂貴的骨灰盒和喪葬用品。巧立名目的儀式程序和鋪張浪費(fèi)的喪葬用品,使得原本為死人服務(wù)的喪禮異化成為生人榮譽(yù)服務(wù)的一種表演儀式。久而久之,在利益最大化的追求下,商家和喪屬的信息不對(duì)稱互動(dòng)使得死亡消費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橄M(fèi)死亡。在筆者看來(lái),死亡消費(fèi)是操辦喪事的必須花費(fèi),而消費(fèi)死亡則是商品化的消費(fèi),在這個(gè)過(guò)程中,商家成為喪葬消費(fèi)的主導(dǎo)者,而喪屬處在被動(dòng)的位置。雖然國(guó)家屢次倡導(dǎo)喪葬從簡(jiǎn),并多次出臺(tái)喪葬管理?xiàng)l例和喪葬惠民政策,但是殯儀館和中介一條龍?jiān)趯?shí)際操作中卻干預(yù)喪屬選擇免費(fèi)服務(wù),甚至刻意誘導(dǎo)喪屬消費(fèi)高等級(jí)高價(jià)格的服務(wù)。這些喪葬商家的高額收費(fèi)和繁復(fù)的程序,使得原本因失去親人痛苦不堪的喪屬再次陷入窘境。為了填補(bǔ)喪葬中高昂的消費(fèi),喪屬必須籌到足夠的資金,甚至死者在活著的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始為死亡的花費(fèi)攢錢(qián)。在喪葬消費(fèi)的這一整個(gè)事件中,我們看得出喪屬——商家——國(guó)家之間的博弈,喪屬希望逝者走好并且保佑后人,商家希望喪屬盡可能的多消費(fèi),國(guó)家希望殯葬改革,倡導(dǎo)殯葬從簡(jiǎn)和綠色殯葬。但是在實(shí)際操作過(guò)程中,他們?yōu)榱烁髯缘睦娌粩嘣黾釉捳Z(yǔ)權(quán)。在過(guò)程中由于信息的不對(duì)稱,商家取得了死亡消費(fèi)的主導(dǎo)權(quán),這種商家——政府——消費(fèi)者之間的結(jié)構(gòu)性問(wèn)題,最終使得消費(fèi)死亡成了一個(gè)事實(shí)。
[Abstract]:This paper is a study on the ethnography of funeral consumption made by the author in Nanjing.The author tries to show how the funeral instrument, which deals with the last pass of life, works in the present society and regards the funeral as a market platform through concrete and detailed field data.How does the interaction between bereavement and intermediary merchant turn death consumption into consumption death?Funeral ceremony is a kind of ceremony in response to death, which has a whole complex process.The people who perform and participate in the ceremony are like performing a performance, focusing on the procedures and details of the ceremony, demanding that it be done accurately in the traditional way.Thus, funeral agents with rich experience play an indispensable role in the funeral, they follow the traditional etiquette to organize the funeral, avoid taboos, so that the ancestors can walk happily and shelter future generations.At the same time, the intermediary well coordinated funeral service procedures in police stations and funeral parlours.Notably, all industries make money from funerals in the process of holding funerals.Rising graveyard prices and higher rental fees for funeral parlors have led to widespread cries of "death can't afford to die."In addition to the cemetery and funeral parlour, a funeral intermediary one-stop profit.As a result of this open fact, more and more people join this profession, after the market saturation, the vicious competition unfolds gradually.Individual mediators attach funeral parlours to gain their own resource advantages, and then provide one-stop service for funeral families.In addition, the low price of one-stop service offer is to induce families to choose their own services, and then to promote expensive urns and funeral supplies.The elaborate ritual procedure and extravagant funeral articles dissimilate the funeral service for the dead into a kind of performance ceremony for the honor service of strangers.Over time, under the pursuit of maximum benefit, the asymmetric interaction between merchant and bereavement leads to the transformation of death consumption into consumption death.In the author's opinion, death consumption is the necessary cost of running funeral, while consumption death is commoditized consumption. In this process, the merchant becomes the leader of funeral consumption, and the funeral is in a passive position.Although the state has repeatedly advocated simple funeral, and has repeatedly promulgated funeral management regulations and funeral benefits policy, but funeral parlours and intermediaries have intervened in practice to choose free services for funeral families.Even deliberately induced funeral families to consume high-grade high-price services.The heavy fees and complicated procedures of these funeral businesses have once again put bereaved bereaved families in distress.In order to make up for the high cost of burial, funeral families must raise enough money, even though the dead have begun to save for the cost of death while they are alive.In the whole event of funeral consumption, we can see that the game between the bereavement, the business-state, the bereavement family hopes that the deceased will go well and bless the posterity, the businessmen want the funeral family to spend as much as possible, and the state wants funeral reform.Advocate simple funeral and green funeral.But in practice, they increase their right to speak for their own interests.In the process, because of the asymmetry of information, the merchant acquires the leading right of death consumption, which is the structural problem between business-government and consumer, and finally makes the death of consumption become a fact.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K892.22;C912.3

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本文編號(hào)：1729988