本文選題：俄語(yǔ)新詞　切入點(diǎn)：構(gòu)詞　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展與社會(huì)密不可分,而詞匯作為語(yǔ)言的根本,同樣也是對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展變革的一種折射。當(dāng)今政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的變革也使語(yǔ)言發(fā)生了變化。這一變化首先反應(yīng)在它的詞匯和構(gòu)詞結(jié)構(gòu)中。本文以21世紀(jì)俄語(yǔ)新詞語(yǔ)作為研究對(duì)象,考察其構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn),并將研究對(duì)象置于與語(yǔ)言發(fā)展變化相關(guān)聯(lián)的社會(huì)背景語(yǔ)境下,探究新詞語(yǔ)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。運(yùn)用分類法,闡釋法,例證法梳理俄語(yǔ)新詞語(yǔ)的構(gòu)詞發(fā)展規(guī)律。這也使得本論文的選題更具實(shí)踐意義:研究材料和結(jié)果可用于編制《俄語(yǔ)詞匯學(xué)》,可以作為材料對(duì)比研究中俄詞匯發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。本論文由引言、正文、結(jié)論、參考文獻(xiàn)四部分組成。論文第一章“俄語(yǔ)新詞的理論研究”介紹了俄語(yǔ)新詞的概念,研究方向,新詞劃分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。列舉描述了該領(lǐng)域一些學(xué)者的著作。雖然術(shù)語(yǔ)新詞并不是一個(gè)新的概念,但直到現(xiàn)在對(duì)新詞語(yǔ)的界定仍沒(méi)有明確。本論文選取一些學(xué)者對(duì)新詞的定義:В.Н.雅爾采夫是這樣定義新詞的:新詞(取源于希臘語(yǔ))指的是在一定的時(shí)期,語(yǔ)言中出現(xiàn)的或者在某些文本,語(yǔ)言活動(dòng)中使用過(guò)一次的單詞、詞組。Н.З.科捷洛夫提出“新詞語(yǔ)是詞匯的新現(xiàn)象,詞匯新現(xiàn)象即一定時(shí)間下語(yǔ)言中常用的且以前在語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)中未以固定形式出現(xiàn)過(guò)的單詞、成語(yǔ)�！痹~匯領(lǐng)域的德國(guó)學(xué)者Т.希帕提出“新詞是語(yǔ)言者認(rèn)為的新用于語(yǔ)言交際中的詞匯”。А.В.卡爾寧在論著中強(qiáng)調(diào):“認(rèn)知新詞匯時(shí)所具有的新的認(rèn)知感覺(jué)是確立新詞匯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。近幾年來(lái)中國(guó)學(xué)者們對(duì)新詞的研究變得越來(lái)越普遍,本論文也關(guān)注到中國(guó)學(xué)者對(duì)新詞的研究。例如,崔熳的《21世紀(jì)俄語(yǔ)新詞新義詞典》,王萍的《俄語(yǔ)新詞語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)境研究》等等。以上各家在不同方面對(duì)新詞語(yǔ)進(jìn)行研究,各具特色。第二章“隨機(jī)詞和它的類型”,提到俄語(yǔ)新詞就會(huì)牽出隨機(jī)詞這一概念,所以在本章對(duì)隨機(jī)詞進(jìn)行了定義,并分析了隨機(jī)詞的語(yǔ)言從屬性、構(gòu)詞派生性、語(yǔ)言功能一次性、語(yǔ)境依賴性、表達(dá)生動(dòng)性、稱名非必然性、個(gè)人歸屬性等特點(diǎn),列舉了語(yǔ)音隨機(jī)詞、詞匯隨機(jī)詞、語(yǔ)法隨機(jī)新詞、語(yǔ)義隨機(jī)新詞等隨機(jī)新詞類型,及其構(gòu)成特點(diǎn)。第三章“新詞構(gòu)詞法的基本問(wèn)題”,通過(guò)對(duì)構(gòu)詞法的分析探究新詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。這部分會(huì)分成詞匯新詞構(gòu)成方法和語(yǔ)義新詞構(gòu)成方法。詞匯新詞構(gòu)成方法下分為語(yǔ)義緊縮法、詞綴法、合詞法、縮略法、借用法。語(yǔ)義新詞構(gòu)成方法從引申法和詞匯語(yǔ)義法進(jìn)行研究。概述現(xiàn)代構(gòu)詞進(jìn)程中新詞構(gòu)詞方法的特點(diǎn)。第四章“新詞現(xiàn)象的主要趨勢(shì)”,概述現(xiàn)代傳媒中新詞構(gòu)詞現(xiàn)象的主要趨勢(shì)和特點(diǎn)。新詞構(gòu)詞現(xiàn)象趨于國(guó)際化和民主化。
[Abstract]:The development of language is closely related to society, and vocabulary, as the basis of language, is also a refraction of social development and transformation.Today's political and economic changes have also changed the language.This change is first reflected in its lexical and word-formation structure.This paper takes Russian neologisms in the 21st century as the object of study, investigates their word-formation characteristics, and puts them in the context of social background which is related to the language development and changes, and probes into the development trend of neologisms.Classification, interpretation and illustration are used to sort out the rules of word formation in Russian neologisms.This makes the topic of this thesis more practical: the research materials and results can be used to compile "Russian Vocabulary", and can be used as a comparative study of the development trend of Chinese and Russian vocabulary.This paper consists of four parts: introduction, text, conclusion and reference.The first chapter, "the theoretical study of Russian neologisms", introduces the concept of Russian neologisms, the research direction and the classification criteria of neologisms.Examples describe the works of some scholars in this field.Although the term neologism is not a new concept, the definition of neologism is still unclear.This thesis selects some scholars' definitions of neologisms.Yaltsev defines a new word like this: a new word (taken from Greek) refers to a word or phrase that appears in a certain period of time or has been used once in some text or language activity.Koterov put forward that "New words are new phenomena of vocabulary, which are words and idioms that are commonly used in language for a certain period of time and have not appeared in a fixed form in the language system before."A German scholar in the field of vocabulary.Hippa put forward that "neologisms are the new words used in language communication".In his treatise, Karning emphasizes that "the new cognitive perception of new words is the standard to establish new words".In recent years, the researches on neologisms have become more and more popular in China, and this thesis also pays close attention to the researches on neologisms by Chinese scholars.For example, Cui Ching's Dictionary of New Russian words in the 21st Century, Wang Ping's A study on semantic context of Russian neologisms and so on.Each of the above studies on new words in different aspects, each has its own characteristics.The second chapter, "Random words and their types", refers to the Russian neologism will lead to the concept of random words, so in this chapter the definition of random words, and the analysis of the language attributes of random words, word formation derivative, language function one-time,Based on the characteristics of contextual dependence, expressive vividness, non-inevitability of name, individual attribution, and so on, this paper lists the types of random new words, such as phonetic random words, lexical random words, grammatical random neologisms, semantic random neologisms and so on.Chapter three, "the basic problems of new word formation", explores the structure of new words through the analysis of word formation.This part will be divided into lexical neologism and semantic neologism.Lexical neologisms are divided into semantic contraction, affix, synonym, acronym and borrowing.The method of semantic neologism is studied from extension method and lexical semantic method.This paper summarizes the characteristics of new word formation methods in the process of modern word formation.Chapter four, "the main trend of neologism", summarizes the main trend and characteristics of neologism in modern media.The phenomenon of neologism tends to be internationalized and democratized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H35

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