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  本文選題：多目標(biāo)追蹤　切入點：籃球運動員　出處：《上海體育學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：視覺注意在運動中具有重要的作用。在團(tuán)體運動中,運動員必須同時監(jiān)控多個隊友的活動以及他們所在的位置。多目標(biāo)追蹤實驗范式用于研究我們的視覺系統(tǒng)是如何同時追蹤多個移動的物體,以及動態(tài)情境下的持續(xù)視覺注意。已有研究表明,與沒有運動經(jīng)驗的被試相比,專業(yè)運動員具有更好的多目標(biāo)追蹤能力,在多目標(biāo)追蹤任務(wù)中對于分心物的抗干擾能力更強。同時隨著目標(biāo)數(shù)量增多,專業(yè)運動員在多目標(biāo)追蹤過程中的追蹤正確率顯著優(yōu)于沒有運動經(jīng)驗的被試。然而,專業(yè)運動員擁有更好追蹤能力的神經(jīng)機制還不清楚。多目標(biāo)追蹤的磁共振成像研究表明,頂上小葉在注意轉(zhuǎn)換中起作用。注意轉(zhuǎn)換理論模型表明,注意轉(zhuǎn)換是多目標(biāo)追蹤過程的重要階段,注意轉(zhuǎn)換的能力直接影響多目標(biāo)追蹤的能力。因此,本研究假設(shè)隨著注意負(fù)荷的增加籃球運動員與對照組追蹤能力的差異增加,頂上小葉的激活增加。本研究以籃球運動員為例,利用功能性磁共振成像技術(shù),采用組塊設(shè)計,探究運動員和對照組在不同注意負(fù)荷(追蹤2、3、4個目標(biāo)對象)條件下進(jìn)行多目標(biāo)追蹤的腦功能激活模式。本研究考察籃球運動員(13名)和對照組(14人)在追蹤2、3、4個目標(biāo)對象時大腦的激活以及兩組被試之間激活腦區(qū)的差異。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)行為結(jié)果方面,籃球運動員和對照組被試在追蹤2個目標(biāo)對象時正確率沒有顯著性差異(p0.05),但是在追蹤3個目標(biāo)對象和4個目標(biāo)對象時正確率均有顯著差異(p0.05);而且,在追蹤4個目標(biāo)對象時,籃球運動員和對照組之間正確率的差異最大。(2)f MRI結(jié)果方面,與對照組相比,籃球運動員在追蹤2、3、4個目標(biāo)對象時共同激活的腦區(qū)包括右側(cè)額中回、左側(cè)小腦腳1/2、右側(cè)顳上回/顳中回、右側(cè)角回/枕中回;反過來,與籃球運動員相比,對照組在追蹤2、3、4個目標(biāo)對象時激活的腦區(qū)包括右側(cè)枕上回/楔前葉。(3)組別(籃球運動員和對照組)和注意負(fù)荷(追蹤2、3、4個目標(biāo)對象)有交互作用的腦區(qū)是頂上小葉。結(jié)論:專業(yè)運動員具有更好的多目標(biāo)追蹤能力,隨著注意負(fù)荷的增加,這種優(yōu)勢表現(xiàn)得更加明顯。隨著注意負(fù)荷的增加,運動員在頂上小葉有更高的激活。追蹤能力的差異是由注意轉(zhuǎn)換造成的。研究結(jié)果為運動訓(xùn)練實踐和注意的神經(jīng)機制研究提供了實踐基礎(chǔ)和理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Visual attention plays an important role in sports. Athletes must monitor the activities of multiple teammates and their positions at the same time. The multi-target tracking paradigm is used to study how our visual system tracks multiple moving objects at the same time. And sustained visual attention in dynamic situations. Previous studies have shown that professional athletes have a better ability to track multiple goals than subjects who have no sports experience. With the increase of the number of targets, the tracking accuracy of professional athletes is significantly better than that of the subjects who have no sports experience. The neural mechanism of a professional athlete's ability to better track is unclear. Magnetic resonance imaging studies of multi-target tracking show that the upper parietal lobules play a role in attention switching. Attention conversion is an important stage in the process of multi-objective tracking, and the ability of attention conversion directly affects the ability of multi-target tracking. Therefore, this study assumes that the difference between basketball players' ability of tracking and that of the control group increases with the increase of attention load. The activation of the upper parietal lobules was increased. In this study, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), a block design was used for basketball players. This study explored the brain function activation pattern of multi-target tracking between athletes and control group under different attention loads (tracking 2X 3s, 4 target objects). This study investigated 13 basketball players and 14 control subjects. The activation of brain in target subjects and the differences in activation of brain regions between the two groups. The results showed that: 1) the behavioral outcome, There was no significant difference in the correct rate between the basketball players and the control group in tracking the two target objects, but there was significant difference in the correct rate between the three and the four target objects. Moreover, when tracking the four target objects, there was a significant difference in the accuracy rate between the basketball players and the control group, and in the tracking of the four target objects, there were significant differences in the accuracy rates between the basketball players and the controls. The difference between the correct rate of basketball players and the control group was greatest. In comparison with the control group, the brain areas activated by the basketball players in tracking 2s and 3s included the middle frontal gyrus of right side, compared with the control group, and compared with the control group, the right middle frontal gyrus was involved in the brain activation of the basketball players. 1 / 2 of the left cerebellar foot, right superior temporal / middle temporal gyrus, right angle / middle occipital gyrus; in turn, compared with basketball players, In the control group, the active brain areas of the 4 target subjects included the right superior occipital gyrus / precuneal lobe group (basketball players and the control group) and the attention load (tracking the 2s 3s, 4 target objects). Conclusion: professional athletes have better multi-target tracking ability, With the increase of attention load, this advantage is more obvious. The difference in tracking ability is caused by the change of attention. The results provide a practical basis and theoretical basis for the study of the neural mechanism of exercise training and attention.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842.3

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本文編號：1557313