本文關(guān)鍵詞： 自然 身體 知覺 肉　出處：《上海社會科學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：梅洛-龐蒂逝世前在法蘭西學(xué)院開設(shè)了一門名為"自然"的課程,在其猝然離世后,他的助手將他的教學(xué)大綱、備課筆記等手稿整理出來,于1994年付梓成書。透過這部著作,我們可以看到梅洛-龐蒂在最后幾年中,一直對"自然"主題抱有極大的研究興趣。本文主要以此書為研究文本,在書中,梅洛-龐蒂對自笛卡爾開始到他所生活的二十世紀中期的典型自然觀念進行了梳理,并且結(jié)合當(dāng)時最新的生物學(xué)對有機體的研究和物理學(xué)中時空觀念的變革成果,對自然做了一次全方位的考察。這種考察既包含了對自然本身的存在方式的考察,這是屬于物理學(xué)的研究范疇;又包含對人的身體、身體和自然的關(guān)系以及這種關(guān)系如何影響我們對自然的認識的探索,筆者認為這是屬于哲學(xué)的領(lǐng)地。在人與自然的關(guān)系以及這種關(guān)系形成過程的揭示中,包含著我們的認識論和本體論思考,因此,也必定影響著我們的行為方式和存在方式。在歐洲文化危機的背景中,梅洛-龐蒂對這一主題的關(guān)注顯得順理成章。正是自笛卡爾開始的二元對立的思維模式導(dǎo)致了理性主義和科學(xué)態(tài)度的過度膨脹,進而產(chǎn)生了一系列的現(xiàn)代性危機,對理性運用范圍和方式的反思是當(dāng)時的許多哲學(xué)家共同關(guān)注的問題,梅洛-龐蒂對二元對立的思維模式的反叛就是在這樣的背景中開始的�，F(xiàn)象學(xué)和存在主義都是他反叛之路上的有效手段,對身體、知覺、意義、存在等主題的思考最后匯總成了他對自然的反思。重現(xiàn)他的反思和他在反思過程中構(gòu)建一種以"世界之肉"為基本元素的新型本體論的嘗試是本文的主要目標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:Before Melo Ponty's death, he offered a course called "Nature" at the French Academy. After his sudden death, his assistants sorted out his syllabus, prepared notes and other manuscripts, which were published in 1994. We can see that Melo Ponty has been very interested in the subject of Nature for the last few years. Melo Ponty combed the typical natural ideas from Descartes to his life in the middle of 20th century, and combined with the latest biology of the time to study organisms and revolutionize the idea of time and space in physics. A comprehensive investigation of nature. This investigation not only includes the examination of the way in which nature itself exists, which belongs to the study of physics, but also includes the body of man. The relationship between body and nature and how it affects the exploration of our understanding of nature is the domain of philosophy. Including our epistemology and ontological thinking, therefore, must also affect the way we behave and the way we exist. In the context of the European cultural crisis, Melo-Ponty 's attention to this subject is natural. It is the dualistic mode of thinking which has led to the excessive expansion of rationalism and scientific attitude since Descartes, and has resulted in a series of crisis of modernity. The reflection on the scope and mode of rational application was a common concern of many philosophers at that time. It was against this background that Melo Ponty's revolt against dualistic patterns of thinking began. Phenomenology and existentialism were all effective means of his rebellious path, to the body, to perception, to meaning, The main goal of this paper is to reproduce his reflection on nature and to construct a new ontology with "flesh of the world" as the basic element in the process of reflection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B089

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