本文關(guān)鍵詞： 西漢 幽州 邊防體系 匈奴 軍事　出處：《江蘇師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：西漢時期,漢武帝在帝國東北邊境建置幽州刺史部,簡稱幽州,其轄境主要包括今河北省中北部,北京地區(qū),遼寧省幾近全境以及朝鮮半島北部地區(qū),下轄九郡一國,周邊與并州、冀州、青州和兗州臨近,北邊則與匈奴和烏桓接壤。幽州地理形勢險(xiǎn)要,物產(chǎn)資源比較豐富;人口稀少且分布不均,交通比較發(fā)達(dá)。幽州是西漢帝國北部邊境的戰(zhàn)略要地,因而其邊防體系的建設(shè)與完善便成為了國家邊防建設(shè)的重點(diǎn)。一、軍隊(duì)力量。在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)體系上,幽州各郡守為一郡之最高軍事長官,握有兵權(quán),下設(shè)十一(部)都尉及長史輔佐掌兵;在軍隊(duì)構(gòu)成上,幽州的軍隊(duì)主要有邊郡兵,數(shù)量眾多,又置將屯兵強(qiáng)化防務(wù),推測還有屯田兵;在軍隊(duì)將領(lǐng)上,主要選擇有軍事才能之人。二、防御設(shè)施。幽州長城基本沿用戰(zhàn)國時期的燕北長城,并在其基礎(chǔ)上加以修繕;因循長城而置障塞和烽燧,數(shù)量眾多,分布密集,置戍卒于其中負(fù)責(zé)候望。三、后勤保障。農(nóng)牧業(yè)方面,幽州的農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展情況不容樂觀,需要內(nèi)地轉(zhuǎn)輸以及出戰(zhàn)時就地補(bǔ)給,且建有倉儲系統(tǒng),綜合運(yùn)用各種補(bǔ)給方式,在一定程度上保證了糧食供給;幽州牧業(yè)比較發(fā)達(dá),馬匹養(yǎng)殖上占有優(yōu)勢。武器補(bǔ)給方面,幽州地區(qū)設(shè)有武庫,既可貯藏兵器,也可生產(chǎn)兵器。四、移民政策。幽州人口稀少,邊境空虛。為了彌補(bǔ)人口缺失和提高邊防能力,西漢政府進(jìn)行移民充實(shí)幽州地區(qū)。五、烏桓內(nèi)遷。漢武帝對匈奴發(fā)動了數(shù)次有效的軍事反擊,使烏桓擺脫了匈奴的束縛,后烏桓南遷于幽州塞外地區(qū),為幽州邊防體系增添了一道新防線,強(qiáng)化了幽州的邊防力量。幽州邊防體系在西漢時期發(fā)揮出了巨大的軍事作用。幽州邊防體系對匈奴采取積極防御的戰(zhàn)略,數(shù)次對匈奴進(jìn)行反擊,斬獲頗豐,充分發(fā)揮出了御敵驅(qū)寇的軍事功能,并且自始至終都保持著積極防御的狀態(tài)。與此同時,幽州邊防體系與北方防線當(dāng)中的中段防線與西段防線共同構(gòu)成了對匈奴的戰(zhàn)略包圍,從而對匈奴實(shí)施了全面有效的軍事反擊。西漢幽州邊防體系的建立與完善具有重要的軍事意義和深遠(yuǎn)的社會影響。軍事意義方面,西漢帝國東北地區(qū)的和平與穩(wěn)定得到了確切的保障;在北方防線中,幽州邊防體系形成時間最早、建設(shè)時間最充分,在西漢前期為帝國贏得了生存和發(fā)展的環(huán)境,具有重要的戰(zhàn)略地位;在邊防建設(shè)的過程中,幽州地方軍事實(shí)力日漸雄厚,于兩漢之際助劉秀爭得天下,建立東漢帝國。社會影響方面,幽州地方尚武之風(fēng)愈顯濃烈,地方文化帶有濃厚的軍事化色彩;漢文化也在邊防建設(shè)的推動下對外傳播到了烏桓與朝鮮地區(qū),促進(jìn)了民族交流與民族融合。
[Abstract]:During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu built a department for the history of the thorns in the northeast border of the empire, known as "Huizhou". Its jurisdiction mainly includes the central and northern parts of Hebei Province, the Beijing region, the nearly entire territory of Liaoning Province, and the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, with nine counties under its jurisdiction. Adjacent to Huizhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou and Yanzhou, and to the north are bordered by Hun and Wuhuan. The geographical situation of Huizhou is dangerous, and the resources of its products are relatively rich; its population is small and its distribution is uneven. The transportation is relatively developed. Huizhou is the strategic center of the northern border of the Western Han Empire, so the construction and improvement of its border defense system has become the focal point of the national border defense construction. First, the military force. In the leadership system, Each county in Huizhou is the highest military officer in one county, holding the military power, and there are eleven (or ministries) under the command of the chief military officer. In terms of the composition of the army, the army of the city is mainly composed of border county soldiers, with a large number of troops, and they also have troops to strengthen their defense. Presumably, there are also soldiers in the army who have military aptitude. Second, the defense facilities. The Great Wall in Huizhou basically follows the the Great Wall of the warring States period and repairs it on its basis; and it follows the Great Wall as a barrier and as a beacon. There are numerous, densely distributed garrison soldiers in charge of waiting for look-and-see. Third, in terms of agricultural and animal husbandry, the agricultural development of Huizhou is not optimistic. It needs inland transportation and local supply during the war, and a warehousing system is in place. The comprehensive use of various methods of supply has ensured the supply of grain to a certain extent; the animal husbandry in Huizhou is relatively developed, and horse breeding has an advantage. In the area of weapons supply, there are arsenals in the region of Huizhou, which can store weapons as well as produce weapons. 4. Immigration policy. In order to make up for the lack of population and improve the border defense capability, the Western Han government carried out immigration to enrich the area of Huizhou. Fifth, Wu Huan moved internally. The Emperor of the Han Dynasty launched several effective military counter-attacks against the Xiongnu. Wu Huan got rid of the shackles of the Xiongnu, and later he moved south to the outside of the Huizhou fortress, adding a new line of defense to the border defense system of the city. The border defense system in the Western Han Dynasty played a great military role. The frontier defense system of the city adopted an active defense strategy against the Xiongnu, and carried out several counter-attacks against the Xiongnu. It has brought into full play the military function of resisting the enemy and exorcising the invaders, and has maintained a state of active defense throughout. At the same time, the border defense system of the city of Huizhou and the central and western lines of defense in the northern defense line together constitute a strategic siege to the Huns. The establishment and perfection of the border defense system of the Western Han Dynasty has important military significance and far-reaching social influence. The peace and stability in the northeast of the Western Han Dynasty were guaranteed. In the northern defense line, the frontier defense system of Yuzhou was the earliest formed and the most adequate time of construction, and it won the survival and development environment for the empire in the early period of the Western Han Dynasty. In the process of border defense construction, the local military strength of Yuzhou became more and more powerful. During the Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu won the world and established the Eastern Han Empire. In terms of social influence, the wind of the local martial arts in Yuzhou became stronger and stronger. The local culture had a strong militarization color; the Han culture also spread to Wuhuan and Korea under the impetus of border defense construction, which promoted ethnic exchanges and ethnic integration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K234.1

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