本文關(guān)鍵詞： 女子奉公人 女中 家政婦 家政士　出處：《外交學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“女性奉公人”這一說法在現(xiàn)在的日本社會(huì)中已經(jīng)消失。但是女子奉公人的影子并沒有消失于日本社會(huì)。女子奉公人的發(fā)展經(jīng)歷了四個(gè)階段,分別是女子奉公、女中、家政婦、家政士。母系社會(huì)以后,隨著女子地位的低下,女子奉公人登上了歷史的舞臺(tái)。最初女子奉公人和男子奉公人的模式一樣,被完全支配,幾乎沒有人生自由。之后進(jìn)入明治社會(huì)的女中發(fā)展階段,勞動(dòng)環(huán)境得到了改善,雇傭主也專門為女中設(shè)置了“女中房間”,并且通過契約的形式以確定雇傭關(guān)系。但是還是存在一些問題,比如勞動(dòng)時(shí)間仍然很長(zhǎng),超過12個(gè)小時(shí),一年時(shí)間幾乎全部在主人的家里,沒有現(xiàn)代意義上休假的概念。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后,“女子奉公人”繼續(xù)演變,發(fā)展成了一種新興產(chǎn)業(yè),化身為家政婦。這個(gè)時(shí)期,其勞動(dòng)時(shí)間變得更加靈活,根據(jù)家政婦的個(gè)人要求,可以選擇長(zhǎng)時(shí)間勞動(dòng)、短時(shí)間勞動(dòng),上夜班以及上白班。最后2016年在安倍政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下,發(fā)展成了家政士,不管男女在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域中都被認(rèn)可,而且還設(shè)置了家政士考試。女子奉公、女中、家政婦、家政士,無論哪個(gè)稱呼都可以統(tǒng)稱為家事勞動(dòng)者,它雖然默默無聞,但又不可或缺,經(jīng)歷漫長(zhǎng)的歷史考驗(yàn),直到現(xiàn)在在日本社會(huì)中依然發(fā)揮著重要的作用,這其中肯定有一種值得探討的生命力。所以本論文以家事勞動(dòng)者的歷史變遷為中心,根據(jù)其歷史發(fā)展的脈絡(luò),將其分為女性奉公、女中、家政婦、家政士四個(gè)章節(jié),然后針對(duì)變遷過程中勞動(dòng)內(nèi)容變化、變化原因以及變化后的特點(diǎn)做一個(gè)詳細(xì)的探討。最后重點(diǎn)著眼于安倍政府2016年將其改名為家政士的話題,通過歷史和現(xiàn)實(shí)相結(jié)合,探尋家事勞動(dòng)者的歷史意義、現(xiàn)實(shí)意義及其變化的靈活性。
[Abstract]:The term "female official" has disappeared in the present Japanese society, but the shadow of the female devotee has not disappeared in the Japanese society. The development of the female devotee has gone through four stages, namely, the female worship. After the matrilineal society, with the low status of the woman, the female official stepped onto the stage of history. At first, the model of the female and the male was completely dominated. There was little freedom in life. After entering the stage of female development in Meiji society, the working environment was improved, and the employer also set up a "middle female room" for the female middle school. But there are still some problems, such as long working hours, more than 12 hours, almost all of them in the owner's house. There is no modern concept of leave. After the second World War, the "female servants" continued to evolve into a new industry, incarnated as domestic wives. During this period, their working hours became more flexible. According to the personal requirements of housewives, they can choose to work long hours, work short hours, work night shifts and work day shifts. In 2016, under the leadership of Abe's government, they developed into domestic workers. Both men and women are recognized in this field, and there is also a domestic examination. Women in the public, women, domestic women, domestic workers, regardless of which name can be collectively referred to as domestic workers, although it is unknown. But it is also indispensable, after a long historical test, it still plays an important role in Japanese society. Therefore, this paper takes the historical changes of family workers as the center, according to its historical development context, it is divided into female male, female middle, domestic women. Home economics four chapters, and then changes in the process of changes in the content of labor. Finally focus on the Abe government in 2016 to change its name as a domestic servant, through the combination of history and reality. To explore the historical significance of family workers, practical significance and the flexibility of changes.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K313

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1 吳雁翔;日本“女子奉公人”的歷史變遷研究[D];外交學(xué)院;2017年

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本文編號(hào)：1488790