20世紀(jì)70年代以來,伊拉克面臨著嚴(yán)峻的水資源挑戰(zhàn),近期這一狀況又有了明顯的惡化。盡管造成這種水資源挑戰(zhàn)的部分原因是自然原因,例如氣候變化、人口激增,但主要還是歸咎于上游國家的水政策,因為伊拉克75%左右的水資源來自其境外的跨界水,其中,約42條季節(jié)性河流或非季節(jié)性河流發(fā)源于伊朗,幼發(fā)拉底河和底格里斯河則發(fā)源于土耳其,流經(jīng)伊拉克。因此,在過去的幾十年中,土耳其和伊朗相對伊拉克而言有更多的特權(quán),尤其是在2003年美國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的入侵之后更是如此,除了擁有共有河流上游的位置外,它們還在物質(zhì)資源和議價能力方面也享有優(yōu)勢。作為地區(qū)霸權(quán)國家,土耳其和伊朗在幼發(fā)拉底河和底格里斯河上開發(fā)水文項目,作為其國家發(fā)展項目的一部分,忽略了伊拉克的水權(quán)。盡管如此,伊拉克為了維持其水資源狀況,對該地區(qū)有利于土耳其和伊朗的不平等的格局提出了挑戰(zhàn)。因此,本文將主要探討伊拉克為了維持其水資源需求而采取的對抗水霸權(quán)國家的策略。為了回答這一問題,首先要理解不同國家圍繞這些河流的互動是如何發(fā)生的,因此,本文將以幼發(fā)拉底河、底格里斯河以及阿拉伯河為切入點,理解伊朗和土耳其在該些水域的水政治關(guān)系。經(jīng)驗結(jié)果證實,伊拉克與土耳其和伊朗的...

【文章頁數(shù)】：168 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
Abstract
List of Acronyms
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Topography of Iraqi Water Resources and Spatial Focus
    1.2 Topographic Features of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and Shattal-Arab River
    1.3 Research Objective
    1.4 Research Questions
    1.5 Hypothesis
    1.6 Methodology
    1.7 Significance of Research
    1.8 Structure of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Hydro-conflict or Confining Iraqi Water Relation to Realist Scope
    2.3 Hydro-cooperation, or Putting Iraq on the Track of Neo-liberalism:
    2.4 Critical Theories in International Relations and Hydropolitics:
Chapter 3 Theoretical Background
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Conventional and Critical Constructivism
    3.3 Power Asymmetry and the Framework of Hydrohegemony
    3.4 Applying Spectrum of Power in the Framework ofHydrohegemony
    3.5 The Hegemon in the Framework of Hydrohegemony
    3.6 Countering Hydorhegemony
Chapter 4 Iraq-Turkey Hydropolitical Relation: The Euphrates andTigris Rivers (1965-2018)
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Water Resources Exploitation in Riparian States
    4.3 Historical Background of Mapping the Middle East and theSituation of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers:
        4.3.1 Emergence of Iraq and its Relationships with Turkey
        4.3.2 From Singular Management to Shared Cross-border Rivers
    4.4 Uunderstanding the Hydropolitical Relations between Iraq andTurkey
        4.4.1 First Episode: The Saadabad Pact of 1937 to the Treaty of 1946.
        4.4.2 Second Episode: The Cold War to after the Baghdad pact of1955
        4.4.3 Third Episode: Triangular of Kurds, Oil, and Water Issues
    4.5 Towards Hydrohegemony: Rising the Technical andTerminological Differences in Water Sector
    4.6 Post-2003: Fortifying Turkish Hydrohegemony
Chapter 5 Iraq-Iran Hydropolitical Relation: The Shatt al-ArabRiver (1975-2018)
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 The Water Demand of the SAR: The Quantity and Quality ofWater Flow
    5.3 The Historical Background of the SAR
    5.4 Understanding the Hydropolitical Relations between Iraq and Iran
        5.4.1 Iraq-Iran relation in 1921-1975: Establishing coercive orderover SAR
        5.4.2 Iraq-Iran Relation in 1975-2003: After Algeria Accord; Breaking the Arrangement and Heading for War
    5.5 The Iraq-Iran Relation after the US-invasion: Hydrohegemony overthe SAR
Chapter 6 Iraq’s Counter-Hydrohegemonic Strategies
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Material Tools for Resistance: Commercial Interests and Oil
    6.3 Active and Reactive Diplomacy and Cooperation
    6.4 International Water Law and Conventions
    6.5 Discourses and Counter-discourses and Cooperation or Rhetoric ofCooperation
    6.6 Security Issues and Regionality
    6.7 Constructing Expertise Knowledge
Chapter 7 Conclusion
    Reviewing the Research Questions and findings
    Suggestions for promising studies
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annex 1: International Laws, Convention and Protocols
Annex 2: Basic guide for conducting interviews with some Iraqi experts
List of Interviewees



本文編號：3920071