The Exercise of Jurisdiction of the International Criminal C
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2021-04-06 04:08
兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的出現(xiàn),引起國(guó)際上對(duì)那些戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪、反人類罪等侵犯人類和摧毀成千上萬(wàn)無(wú)辜市民生活的國(guó)際犯罪,展開(kāi)了嚴(yán)厲的打擊。為此,國(guó)際社會(huì)迫切需要在國(guó)際層面上的正義、安全與和平。因此,國(guó)際社會(huì)朝著建立一個(gè)永久的國(guó)際層面上的司法制度而努力,尤其是在國(guó)際社會(huì)中的引人關(guān)注的嚴(yán)重刑事案件;如反人類罪、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪、侵略罪和種族滅絕罪,國(guó)際正義應(yīng)該保證無(wú)論在何種政治利益情況下,都必須能夠獨(dú)立起訴肇事者的罪行。一開(kāi)始,國(guó)際社會(huì)的目標(biāo)是建立特殊的國(guó)際臨時(shí)刑事法庭,對(duì)在第一和第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)犯進(jìn)行審理。然而,它們的決心遠(yuǎn)非如此,國(guó)際法的學(xué)者在2002年試圖建立一個(gè)永久的法院,裁決違反國(guó)際人道主義法的犯罪,由此國(guó)際刑事法院誕生,（縮寫(xiě)為“ICC”）。國(guó)際刑事法院主要是對(duì)各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)司法制度進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充,當(dāng)然國(guó)際刑事法庭也不能充當(dāng)各國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)法院的角色,它需要國(guó)內(nèi)法院的意愿或能力對(duì)這些罪行進(jìn)行調(diào)查或起訴。國(guó)際刑事法院是以通過(guò)終結(jié)有罪不罰等違規(guī)行為,威懾那些打算違反國(guó)際人道主義法人等的方式來(lái)處理問(wèn)題的。國(guó)際刑事法庭是第一個(gè)獨(dú)立永久性刑事法庭,是國(guó)際社會(huì)為懲罰戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)罪犯和實(shí)施者以及反人類罪、種族滅絕罪的暴行而創(chuàng)立的。國(guó)際刑事法院的《...
【文章來(lái)源】：湖南大學(xué)湖南省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：203 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
1.3 CENTRAL QUESTIONS
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY
1.5 LITERATURE AVAILABLE IN THE FIELD
1.6 METHODS AND SOURCES OF RESEARCH
CHAPTER II: THE CIRCUMSTANCES TO ESTABLISH ICC AND THEROLE OF ARAB STATE
SECTION 1: CREATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
2.1.1. Pre-World War II
2.1.2. The Nuremberg and Tokyo trials
2.1.3. The Cold War Stall
2.1.4. The ad hoc tribunals
2.1.5. Drafting of the ICC Statute
Conclusion
SECTION 2: THE ROLE OF ARAB STATES IN CREATION AND EVOLUTION OF ICC
2.2.1. The Involvement of Arab Countries in Developing ICC
2.2.2. The League of Arab States
2.2.3. The Effects of Arab Spring to Development of the Arab Position from the ICC.27Conclusion
Conclusion
CHAPTER III: THE JURISDICTION OF THE INTERNATIONALCRIMINAL COURT
SECTION 1: TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION
SECTION 2: PERSONAL JURISDICTION
SECTION 3: TEMPORAL JURISDICTION
3.3.1. The 1st July 2002 at the earliest
3.3.2. Or from the date of the Statute coming into force for any particular State Party, if later （under the 60 day rule）
3.3.3. Or from the date of declaration under Article 12 （3）
SECTION 4: SUBJECT-MATTER JURISDICTION
3.4.1. The Crime of Genocide
3.4.1.1. Elements of the Crime of Genocide
3.4.1.1.1. Killing members of the group
3.4.1.1.2. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
3.4.1.1.3. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bringabout its physical destruction in whole or in part
3.4.1.1.4. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
3.4.1.1.5. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
3.4.2. Crimes against humanity
3.4.2.1. Crime against humanity of murder
3.4.2.2. Crime against humanity of extermination
3.4.2.3. Crime against humanity of enslavement
3.4.2.4. Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of population
3.4.2.5. Crime against humanity of imprisonment or other severe deprivation ofphysical liberty
3.4.2.6. Crime against humanity of torture
3.4.2.7. Crime against humanity of Rape and other violence
A. Rape
B. Sexual slavery
C. Enforced prostitution
D. Crime against humanity of forced pregnancy
E. Enforced sterilization as one of the crimes against humanity
F. Sexual violence as crime against humanity
2.4.2.8. Crime against humanity of persecution
3.4.2.9. Crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of persons
3.4.2.10. Crime against humanity of apartheid
3.4.2.11. Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts
3.4.3. War crimes
3.4.4. THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION
3.4.4.1 The Kampala Definition of the Crime of Aggression
3.4.4.2 The effect of opt-in and opt-out provisions
Conclusion
CHAPTER IV: THE APPLICATION OF ICC JURISDICTION ON ARABSTATES
Section 1: Sudan
4.1.1. The root causes of the Darfur crisis
4.1.2. Escalation of the violence and the UNSC involvement in the Darfur crisis
4.1.3. The referral of the Darfur situation to the ICC jurisdiction
4.1.4 The Legitimacy of the Security Council Referral of the Situation in Darfur to the ICC
4.1.5. The Jurisdiction of International Criminal Court on the Conflict
4.1.5.1. Personal Jurisdiction
4.1.5.2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction
4.1.5.2.1. Crime of genocide
4.1.5.2.2. Crimes against Humanity
4.1.5.2.3. Crime of War.
4.1.6. The Challenges facing the ICC to Exercise its Jurisdiction in Darfur
4.1.6.1 Lack of states cooperation under UNSC Resolution 1593
4.1.6.2. Negative Role of United Nation and UN Security Council
4.1.6.3. How the Sudanese Government has coped with the Darfur Conflict
4.1.6.4. The immunity
4.1.6.5. Conflict between the ICC and the AU
Conclusion
Section 2: Libya
4.2.1. The Libyan Crisis: From a Domestic Crisis to a matter under International Jurisdiction of ICC
4.2.2. Judicial Developments of The Libya ISSUE
4.2.2.1. The Security Council Refer Libya to ICC
4.2.2.2. Opening of the Investigation and Warrants of Arrest
4.2.2.3. The exercise of jurisdiction of ICC in the case of Libya
4.2.3. The relation between complementary principle and Libyan courts
4.2.4. Behind the failure of jurisdiction of ICC in case of Libya
4.2.4.1. Libya refused to hand the suspects over to the ICC
4.2.4.1.1. In case of Abdullah Al-Senussi
4.2.4.1.2 Case of Saif Al-Islam Qaddafi.
4.2.4.1.2.1. Ongoing investigation by national court
4.2.4.1.2.2. The Same Person, Same Conduct Test
4.2.4.1.2.3. Criterion of “Unwillingness” and “inability”
4.2.4.2. The ICC referred to UNSC the non-cooperation of Libya
Conclusion
Section 3: Iraq
4.3.1. The subject- matter Jurisdiction of ICC on the crimes committed in Iraq
4.3.1.1. Aggression crime
4.3.1.2. War crimes
4.3.1.3. Crime against Humanity
4.3.1.4. Crime of Genocide
4.3.2. The extent of the ICC jurisdiction in crimes committed in Iraq
4.3.2.1. The possibility of presenting the American soldiers to ICC
4.3.2.2. The possibility of presenting the British soldiers to ICC.
4.3.3. Illegality of ICC to Refuse to Prosecute Allied Troops on 2006
Conclusion
Section 4: Palestine
4.4.1. The ICC between realizing the aim of Statute and the crimes committed in Palestine
4.4.1.1. Mechanism of ICC to have jurisdiction over Palestine
4.4.1.2. Rationale supporting exercise of jurisdiction over crimes committed in Palestine
4.4.1.2.1. Palestine before recognizing the jurisdiction of ICC
4.4.1.2.1.1. The temporal Jurisdiction
4.4.1.2.1.1.1. Direct Impact
4.4.1.2.1.1.2. Retroactive impact
4.4.1.2.2. Palestine after recognizing the ICC jurisdiction
4.4.2. Are the crimes committed in Palestine falling into the ICC jurisdiction?
4.4.2.1. War crimes
4.4.2.2. Genocide
4.4.2.3. Crimes against humanity
4.4.3. The bar on ICC to prosecute the perpetrators of the crimes committed in Palestine
Conclusion
Chapter V: The ICC Jurisdiction Challenges in Arab States
Section 1: The lack of an effective enforcement mechanism for ICC
Section 2: The complementary jurisdiction of ICC
Section 3: The Immunity Challenge
Section 4: Respecting Sovereignty and balancing it with Cooperation
5.4.1. Lack of cooperation by party states to the statute
5.4.2. Lack of cooperation by non- party states to the statute
Section 5: The Security Council’s impact on ICC resolutions
5.5.1. Economic and Political Interests
5.5.2. The application of article 16 of Rome Statute by UNSC
Chapter VI : The extent of success of ICC to exercise its jurisdiction over Arab States
Section 1: Research Findings
6.1.1 The prosecutions are limited to Arab-African countries
6.1.2 Limitation over ICC’s Jurisdiction regarding serious crimes
6.1.3 The factor of sovereignty in acceding to Rome Statute
6.1.4 Restricting the ICC jurisdiction by UNSC
6.1.5 Non-compliance of court orders by member states
6.1.6 Challenges of Legitimacy for International Criminal Court
Bibliography
I. Articles
II. Reports, Resolutions and judgments
III. Textbooks
IV. Website
V. Conventions , agreements and others
本文編號(hào)：3120729
【文章來(lái)源】：湖南大學(xué)湖南省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校
【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：203 頁(yè)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【文章目錄】：
ABSTRACT
摘要
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND
1.2 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE STUDY
1.3 CENTRAL QUESTIONS
1.4 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY
1.5 LITERATURE AVAILABLE IN THE FIELD
1.6 METHODS AND SOURCES OF RESEARCH
CHAPTER II: THE CIRCUMSTANCES TO ESTABLISH ICC AND THEROLE OF ARAB STATE
SECTION 1: CREATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT
2.1.1. Pre-World War II
2.1.2. The Nuremberg and Tokyo trials
2.1.3. The Cold War Stall
2.1.4. The ad hoc tribunals
2.1.5. Drafting of the ICC Statute
Conclusion
SECTION 2: THE ROLE OF ARAB STATES IN CREATION AND EVOLUTION OF ICC
2.2.1. The Involvement of Arab Countries in Developing ICC
2.2.2. The League of Arab States
2.2.3. The Effects of Arab Spring to Development of the Arab Position from the ICC.27Conclusion
Conclusion
CHAPTER III: THE JURISDICTION OF THE INTERNATIONALCRIMINAL COURT
SECTION 1: TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION
SECTION 2: PERSONAL JURISDICTION
SECTION 3: TEMPORAL JURISDICTION
3.3.1. The 1st July 2002 at the earliest
3.3.2. Or from the date of the Statute coming into force for any particular State Party, if later （under the 60 day rule）
3.3.3. Or from the date of declaration under Article 12 （3）
SECTION 4: SUBJECT-MATTER JURISDICTION
3.4.1. The Crime of Genocide
3.4.1.1. Elements of the Crime of Genocide
3.4.1.1.1. Killing members of the group
3.4.1.1.2. Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group
3.4.1.1.3. Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bringabout its physical destruction in whole or in part
3.4.1.1.4. Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group
3.4.1.1.5. Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group
3.4.2. Crimes against humanity
3.4.2.1. Crime against humanity of murder
3.4.2.2. Crime against humanity of extermination
3.4.2.3. Crime against humanity of enslavement
3.4.2.4. Crime against humanity of deportation or forcible transfer of population
3.4.2.5. Crime against humanity of imprisonment or other severe deprivation ofphysical liberty
3.4.2.6. Crime against humanity of torture
3.4.2.7. Crime against humanity of Rape and other violence
A. Rape
B. Sexual slavery
C. Enforced prostitution
D. Crime against humanity of forced pregnancy
E. Enforced sterilization as one of the crimes against humanity
F. Sexual violence as crime against humanity
2.4.2.8. Crime against humanity of persecution
3.4.2.9. Crime against humanity of enforced disappearance of persons
3.4.2.10. Crime against humanity of apartheid
3.4.2.11. Crime against humanity of other inhumane acts
3.4.3. War crimes
3.4.4. THE CRIME OF AGGRESSION
3.4.4.1 The Kampala Definition of the Crime of Aggression
3.4.4.2 The effect of opt-in and opt-out provisions
Conclusion
CHAPTER IV: THE APPLICATION OF ICC JURISDICTION ON ARABSTATES
Section 1: Sudan
4.1.1. The root causes of the Darfur crisis
4.1.2. Escalation of the violence and the UNSC involvement in the Darfur crisis
4.1.3. The referral of the Darfur situation to the ICC jurisdiction
4.1.4 The Legitimacy of the Security Council Referral of the Situation in Darfur to the ICC
4.1.5. The Jurisdiction of International Criminal Court on the Conflict
4.1.5.1. Personal Jurisdiction
4.1.5.2. Subject-Matter Jurisdiction
4.1.5.2.1. Crime of genocide
4.1.5.2.2. Crimes against Humanity
4.1.5.2.3. Crime of War.
4.1.6. The Challenges facing the ICC to Exercise its Jurisdiction in Darfur
4.1.6.1 Lack of states cooperation under UNSC Resolution 1593
4.1.6.2. Negative Role of United Nation and UN Security Council
4.1.6.3. How the Sudanese Government has coped with the Darfur Conflict
4.1.6.4. The immunity
4.1.6.5. Conflict between the ICC and the AU
Conclusion
Section 2: Libya
4.2.1. The Libyan Crisis: From a Domestic Crisis to a matter under International Jurisdiction of ICC
4.2.2. Judicial Developments of The Libya ISSUE
4.2.2.1. The Security Council Refer Libya to ICC
4.2.2.2. Opening of the Investigation and Warrants of Arrest
4.2.2.3. The exercise of jurisdiction of ICC in the case of Libya
4.2.3. The relation between complementary principle and Libyan courts
4.2.4. Behind the failure of jurisdiction of ICC in case of Libya
4.2.4.1. Libya refused to hand the suspects over to the ICC
4.2.4.1.1. In case of Abdullah Al-Senussi
4.2.4.1.2 Case of Saif Al-Islam Qaddafi.
4.2.4.1.2.1. Ongoing investigation by national court
4.2.4.1.2.2. The Same Person, Same Conduct Test
4.2.4.1.2.3. Criterion of “Unwillingness” and “inability”
4.2.4.2. The ICC referred to UNSC the non-cooperation of Libya
Conclusion
Section 3: Iraq
4.3.1. The subject- matter Jurisdiction of ICC on the crimes committed in Iraq
4.3.1.1. Aggression crime
4.3.1.2. War crimes
4.3.1.3. Crime against Humanity
4.3.1.4. Crime of Genocide
4.3.2. The extent of the ICC jurisdiction in crimes committed in Iraq
4.3.2.1. The possibility of presenting the American soldiers to ICC
4.3.2.2. The possibility of presenting the British soldiers to ICC.
4.3.3. Illegality of ICC to Refuse to Prosecute Allied Troops on 2006
Conclusion
Section 4: Palestine
4.4.1. The ICC between realizing the aim of Statute and the crimes committed in Palestine
4.4.1.1. Mechanism of ICC to have jurisdiction over Palestine
4.4.1.2. Rationale supporting exercise of jurisdiction over crimes committed in Palestine
4.4.1.2.1. Palestine before recognizing the jurisdiction of ICC
4.4.1.2.1.1. The temporal Jurisdiction
4.4.1.2.1.1.1. Direct Impact
4.4.1.2.1.1.2. Retroactive impact
4.4.1.2.2. Palestine after recognizing the ICC jurisdiction
4.4.2. Are the crimes committed in Palestine falling into the ICC jurisdiction?
4.4.2.1. War crimes
4.4.2.2. Genocide
4.4.2.3. Crimes against humanity
4.4.3. The bar on ICC to prosecute the perpetrators of the crimes committed in Palestine
Conclusion
Chapter V: The ICC Jurisdiction Challenges in Arab States
Section 1: The lack of an effective enforcement mechanism for ICC
Section 2: The complementary jurisdiction of ICC
Section 3: The Immunity Challenge
Section 4: Respecting Sovereignty and balancing it with Cooperation
5.4.1. Lack of cooperation by party states to the statute
5.4.2. Lack of cooperation by non- party states to the statute
Section 5: The Security Council’s impact on ICC resolutions
5.5.1. Economic and Political Interests
5.5.2. The application of article 16 of Rome Statute by UNSC
Chapter VI : The extent of success of ICC to exercise its jurisdiction over Arab States
Section 1: Research Findings
6.1.1 The prosecutions are limited to Arab-African countries
6.1.2 Limitation over ICC’s Jurisdiction regarding serious crimes
6.1.3 The factor of sovereignty in acceding to Rome Statute
6.1.4 Restricting the ICC jurisdiction by UNSC
6.1.5 Non-compliance of court orders by member states
6.1.6 Challenges of Legitimacy for International Criminal Court
Bibliography
I. Articles
II. Reports, Resolutions and judgments
III. Textbooks
IV. Website
V. Conventions , agreements and others
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