本文選題：大學(xué)生美德化育 + 化育要素�。� 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：大學(xué)生是國家和民族的希望,美德是大學(xué)生安身立命之基。面對紛繁復(fù)雜的多變社會,理應(yīng)引領(lǐng)社會道德風(fēng)尚的大學(xué)生卻受到社會道德狀況的左右,大學(xué)道德教育面臨著一系列困境。大學(xué)生正處在世界觀、人生觀和價值觀形成、發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期,然而在市場經(jīng)濟和對外開放的歷史條件下,在利益主體多元化、思想道德觀念和價值取向多元化的社會背景中,加之西方多種途徑對大學(xué)生進行思想、文化滲透,社會上出現(xiàn)的拜金主義、享樂主義和個人主義等思潮對大學(xué)生健康成長帶來許多負面影響。由于社會經(jīng)驗不夠豐富,思想還不夠成熟,部分大學(xué)生未能充分認識到美德對其自身發(fā)展的重要意義和價值。因此,加強大學(xué)生美德教育,增強大學(xué)生抵御負面效應(yīng)的免疫力,抵御腐化墮落思想的侵蝕,才能使大學(xué)生成為現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)所需要的德才兼?zhèn)淙瞬�。重視美德教育一直是黨和國家的工作重點之一。十八大報告指出全面提高公民道德素質(zhì)“是社會主義道德建設(shè)的基本任務(wù)”,要“加強社會公德、職業(yè)道德、家庭美德、個人品德教育”。高校是美德教育的主陣地,歷來重視大學(xué)生思想品德教育,從德育課的設(shè)置,到德育課教師和思想政治教育輔導(dǎo)員,無一不是在實踐中“立德樹人”。但由于教育方式僵化呆板,習(xí)慣于外在灌輸和說教,忽視或不善于運用美德的“化育”機制及其規(guī)律進行教育,成效甚微。因此,進行當代大學(xué)生美德化育研究尤為緊迫而重要。近年來有很多專家學(xué)者從不同角度、不同深度上對大學(xué)生美德教育的理論和方法進行了廣泛研究,這些研究成果在不同程度上對“美德化育”研究具有理論推進和借鑒作用。本文采用了文獻研究法、調(diào)查研究法、系統(tǒng)研究法和歷史研究法等方法,對當代大學(xué)生美德化育的過程和機制以及實現(xiàn)路徑等進行了全面系統(tǒng)的研究,旨在為我國大學(xué)思想政治教育理念和方式的改革、對思政理論課的學(xué)科建設(shè)提供理論支撐,對提升大學(xué)生美德教育的實效性提供方法和路徑支持。第一部分,對大學(xué)生美德化育的內(nèi)涵與意義進行了闡釋。所謂美德是指高尚的道德行為和優(yōu)良的道德品質(zhì)�；盎敝竷�(nèi)化于心、外化于行,化育之“育”指涵(培)育長養(yǎng),化育之“境”指從心所欲不逾矩即自由自覺的境界。美德化育就是通過細雨潤無聲的化育方式,使受教育者把美德的精神實質(zhì)內(nèi)化于心,外化于行,從而涵育長養(yǎng)其美德;大學(xué)生特有的美德主要包括愛國奉獻、求知敬業(yè)、誠實守信、團結(jié)友善、勤儉節(jié)約等方面的內(nèi)容;大學(xué)生美德對于大學(xué)生的一生具有重要的意義和價值,它是大學(xué)生自尊和他尊之要、安身立命之基、生活幸福之源、實現(xiàn)人生價值之本。第二部分,對大學(xué)生美德化育的理論基礎(chǔ)、思想淵源和學(xué)理依據(jù)進行了挖掘。本文認為,大學(xué)生美德化育具有充分的理論基礎(chǔ)、思想資源和學(xué)理依據(jù)。馬克思主義的人性論、價值論和實踐論等理論觀點,為大學(xué)生美德化育提供了重要理論基礎(chǔ);中外思想家的有關(guān)論述和思想為大學(xué)生美德化育提供了寶貴的思想淵源。中國儒家的教化內(nèi)省思想、道家“行不言之教”思想、佛家“以心傳心”思想等都是其重要的文化養(yǎng)分。西方古希臘時期蘇格拉底的啟發(fā)式教育思想、亞里士多德的美德養(yǎng)成教育思想,德國古典哲學(xué)時期康德的道德熏陶思想,近現(xiàn)代時期麥金泰爾的德性實踐理論,都為“美德化育”留下了寶貴的精神遺產(chǎn)。此外,人本主義教育理論、價值澄清教育理論、認知發(fā)展理論、情感理論、社會學(xué)習(xí)理論等,也為大學(xué)生美德化育的研究提供了學(xué)理依據(jù)。第三部分,闡釋了大學(xué)生美德化育的運行要素和運行機制。本文認為大學(xué)生既是美德化育的客體,也是美德化育的主體,美德化育是主客體的統(tǒng)一;美德認知、美德情感、美德意志、美德信念和美德行為習(xí)慣是大學(xué)生美德形成的要素,在大學(xué)生美德化育運行過程中,這五大要素相互依賴、相互影響,發(fā)揮著不同的作用。美德認知是美德化育的前提,美德情感是美德化育的催化劑,美德意志是美德化育的動力,美德信念是美德化育的核心,美德行為習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成是美德化育的目的。這既是美德化育運行的機制,也是美德化育應(yīng)遵循的規(guī)律。第四部分,對美德現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,特別是對大學(xué)生美德化育存在問題及成因進行了調(diào)查和分析�；诖罅空{(diào)查問卷,論題基本厘清了大學(xué)生美德化育主要存在的大學(xué)生美德知行不統(tǒng)一、美德教育實效性較差、價值取向模糊或功利化等問題。產(chǎn)生這些問題的原因主要在于:學(xué)校美德化育理念偏頗、美德化育培育方式方法不力、家庭美德化育缺失、社會美德化育較弱、新媒體與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的影響以及大學(xué)生自身對美德認識不夠。在經(jīng)濟全球化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息化、利益多元化的時代,對大學(xué)生美德化育產(chǎn)生影響的因素是多方面的,這需要不斷拓展研究,把握大學(xué)生美德化育影響因素的最新發(fā)展動向。第五部分,對大學(xué)生美德化育的實現(xiàn)路徑進行了探索。大學(xué)生美德化育需要從六個層面展開:強化美德需要是美德化育的前提,潛移默化是大學(xué)生美德化育的有效方式,道德實踐活動是大學(xué)生美德化育的重要環(huán)節(jié),構(gòu)建測評制度是大學(xué)生美德化育的保障,養(yǎng)成行為自覺是大學(xué)生美德化育的目的,營建文化氛圍是大學(xué)生美德化育的活力。這六條路徑有助于使大學(xué)生把美德要求“內(nèi)化于心、外化于行”,逐步達到“從心所欲不逾矩”的自由自覺境界。
[Abstract]:College students are the hope of the nation and the nation. Virtue is the foundation of the college students. Facing the complex and complex society, the college students who should lead the social morality are subject to the social moral condition, and the university moral education faces a series of difficulties. The college students are in the world outlook, the outlook on life and values, and the development of the college students. Under the historical conditions of the market economy and opening to the outside world, however, in the historical conditions of the market economy and opening to the outside world, in the social background of pluralistic interests subject, ideological and moral concept and value orientation, and a variety of Western ways of thinking, cultural infiltration, money worship, hedonism and individualism in the west, the health of College Students The growth has brought many negative effects. Because of the lack of social experience and the lack of maturity, some college students have not fully realized the importance and value of virtue to their own development. Therefore, it is possible to strengthen college students' virtues education, enhance the immunity of college students against negative effects and resist the erosion of corruption and depravity. The importance of virtue education is one of the key tasks of the party and the state. The eighteen report points out that the overall improvement of the moral quality of the citizens "is the basic task of socialist moral construction". It is necessary to "strengthen social ethics, professional ethics, family virtues and personal moral education". The main position of virtue education has always attached great importance to the ideological and moral education of college students. From the setting of moral education to moral education and ideological and political education, none of them is "Lide tree" in practice. But because of the rigid and rigid way of education, it is used to instillation and teaching, and the "education" mechanism of neglecting or not good at using virtue. Therefore, it is very urgent and important to carry out the research on the moral education of contemporary college students. In recent years, many experts and scholars have studied the theory and methods of virtue education of college students from different angles and different depths. The paper adopts the methods of literature research, investigation, research, systematic research and historical research. This paper makes a comprehensive and systematic study on the process and mechanism of the moral education of contemporary college students and the way to realize it, aiming at the reform of the ideas and ways of the ideological and political education of our University and the theory of Ideological and political theory. The course construction provides theoretical support and provides methods and path support for improving the effectiveness of College Students' virtues education. In the first part, the connotation and significance of College Students' virtues are explained. The so-called virtue refers to the noble moral behavior and the fine moral quality. "Breeding" refers to the cultivation of culvert (Culture) and cultivation, and the "realm" of education refers to the realm of freedom and self-consciousness. Virtue education means the educator to internalize the spiritual essence of virtue through the fine rain and unsound the spiritual essence. Knowledge, honesty and trustworthiness, unity and friendliness, thrift and thrift, college students' virtues are of great significance and value for college students' life. It is the basis of College Students' self-esteem and his respect, the foundation of life, the source of life happiness and the realization of the value of life. The second part, the theoretical basis for the moral education of college students, the ideological abyss. The source and academic basis are excavated. This article holds that the moral education of college students has sufficient theoretical basis, ideological resources and theoretical basis. The theory of Marx's theory of human nature, value theory and practice theory provides an important theoretical basis for college students' virtues; the related discussions and ideas of the thinkers and the Chinese and foreign thinkers are the virtues of college students. It provides a valuable ideological source. The Confucian introspection thought of Chinese Confucianism, the Taoist thought of "doing no teaching" and the "heart of the heart" are its important cultural nutrients. The elicitation education thought of Socrates in the western ancient Greek period, Aristotle's moral education thought, the German classical philosophy period Kang The moral edification thought of Germany, Mcintyre's virtue practice theory in the modern period left valuable spiritual heritage for "virtue education". In addition, the humanistic education theory, the theory of value clarification education, the theory of cognitive development, the theory of emotion, the theory of social learning and so on, have also provided the academic basis for the study of College Students' virtues. The third part explains the operating elements and operating mechanism of College Students' virtues. This article holds that college students are both the object of virtue education and the main body of virtue education. Virtue education is the unity of the subject and the object; virtue cognition, virtue emotion, virtue will, virtue belief and virtue behavior habit are the elements of College Students' virtue formation. In the course of the operation of the students' virtues, these five elements depend on each other, interact with each other, and play different roles. Virtue cognition is the precondition of virtue cultivation, virtue emotion is the catalyst of virtue cultivation, virtue will be the motive force of virtue cultivation, virtue belief is the core of virtue education, and the cultivation of virtue behavior habit is the eye of virtue cultivation. This is not only the mechanism of virtue education operation, but also the law that virtue should be followed. In the fourth part, the present situation of virtue is analyzed, especially the problems and causes of the existence and causes of College Students' virtues are investigated and analyzed. Based on a large number of questionnaires, the thesis basically clarifies the college students virtues of College Students' virtues. The reasons for these problems are: the bias of the concept of moral education, the ineffective ways and means of virtue cultivation and cultivation, the lack of family virtues, the weak social virtues, the influence of the new media and the Internet, and the beauty of college students themselves. In the era of economic globalization, network information and diversification of interests, there are many factors affecting the moral education of college students. This needs to continue to expand research and grasp the latest development trend of the influencing factors of College Students' virtues. The fifth part is to explore the way of realizing the realization of College Students' virtues. The moral education of students should be carried out from six levels: strengthening virtue needs is the premise of virtue education. Imperceptibly is the effective way of College Students' virtues, moral practice is the important link of College Students' virtues, the construction of evaluation system is the guarantee of College Students' virtues, and the cultivation of behavior consciousness is the goal of College Students' virtues. The construction of cultural atmosphere is the vitality of College Students' virtues. These six paths help college students to "internalize their minds and turn them out of the line", and gradually achieve the free and conscious state of "doing nothing more than what you want".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G641
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本文編號：1967699