本文關(guān)鍵詞：納西族國家認(rèn)同研究　出處：《云南大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 納西族 國家認(rèn)同 民族國家

【摘要】：國家認(rèn)同問題既是一個重大的政治理論問題,也是一個重大的政治現(xiàn)實問題。對于多民族國家來說,能否贏得國內(nèi)各民族,尤其是國內(nèi)少數(shù)民族對國家的認(rèn)同,關(guān)系著多民族國家政治秩序的穩(wěn)定和國內(nèi)民族關(guān)系的鞏固。對多民族國家來說,少數(shù)民族的國家認(rèn)同不是與生俱來的,而是國家構(gòu)建的結(jié)果。要維護多民族國家的政治穩(wěn)定,多民族國家就必須通過各種途徑和方式,不斷構(gòu)建、維護、鞏固、提升少數(shù)民族的國家認(rèn)同,不斷夯實國家認(rèn)同的社會心理基礎(chǔ),提高少數(shù)民族國家認(rèn)同的程度和水平。本文選取納西族作為一個典型個案,通過梳理納西族國家認(rèn)同發(fā)展變遷的歷史進程來審視多納西族國家認(rèn)同的發(fā)展演變,試圖回答：“納西族的國家認(rèn)同的怎么構(gòu)建起來的?在國家認(rèn)同發(fā)展的不同階段,其國家認(rèn)同具有何種特點?其國家認(rèn)同的構(gòu)建具有什么意義和作用?當(dāng)前納西族國家認(rèn)同處于何種狀態(tài)?當(dāng)前納西族國家認(rèn)同面臨什么樣的問題和挑戰(zhàn)?”等一系列問題。 納西族作為中華民族的一個重要組成部分,其國家認(rèn)同不是與生俱來的,而是國家政治力量構(gòu)建的結(jié)果�？v觀納西族國家認(rèn)同發(fā)展的歷史進程,納西族的國家認(rèn)同經(jīng)歷了王朝國家時期、近代轉(zhuǎn)型時期、現(xiàn)代民族國家構(gòu)建時期三大歷史階段。在王朝國家時期,隨著中央王朝對納西族地區(qū)管理和控制的不斷深入,在納西族與中央王朝互動關(guān)系不斷加強鞏固的過程中,伴隨著儒學(xué)實現(xiàn)在納西族地區(qū)的全面涵化,納西族以“中央王朝”為核心的王朝國家認(rèn)同最終被全面構(gòu)建起來。從元明到清朝時期,納西族的王朝國家認(rèn)同經(jīng)歷了從無到有,從模糊到清晰,從變動到鞏固的過程。納西族王朝國家時期的認(rèn)同實質(zhì)上是建立在傳統(tǒng)“天下觀”和“民族觀”基礎(chǔ)上的文化認(rèn)同,正是對王朝國家時期以儒家思想為核心的主流政治文化的認(rèn)同和接受,塑造和鞏固了納西族的王朝國家認(rèn)同。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭作為中國近代史的一個開端,同時也是中國現(xiàn)代民族國家構(gòu)建和中華民族這一民族實體不斷覺醒的過程,納西族的國家認(rèn)同正是在這一時期發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)型。以對中華民族的認(rèn)同為表征,納西族的國家認(rèn)同從王朝國家時期認(rèn)同一個個王朝轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎J(rèn)同現(xiàn)代意義上的國家——“中國”。根據(jù)納西族國家認(rèn)同狀態(tài)的變化,近代轉(zhuǎn)型時期納西族的國家認(rèn)同經(jīng)歷了納西族中華民族認(rèn)同的覺醒時期、納西族中華民族認(rèn)同的基本形成時期、納西族中華民族認(rèn)同的全面提升時期以及納西族政黨認(rèn)同形成的時期。在納西族國家認(rèn)同的近代轉(zhuǎn)型時期,納西族的國家認(rèn)同以中華民族認(rèn)同為指向,納西族國家認(rèn)同的現(xiàn)代特性日益顯著,在傳統(tǒng)國家認(rèn)同的瓦解和現(xiàn)代國家認(rèn)同的生成中,納西族的國家認(rèn)同實現(xiàn)了從傳統(tǒng)到現(xiàn)代的過渡。1949年中華人民共和國的成立,標(biāo)志著中國完成現(xiàn)代民族國家的構(gòu)建過程,中國開始進入現(xiàn)代民族國家建設(shè)階段。在這個階段,納西族的國家認(rèn)同經(jīng)歷了新中國成立初期的成功構(gòu)建、全面建設(shè)社會主義時期的納西族國家認(rèn)同的維系、十年文革時期的納西族國家認(rèn)同的全面轉(zhuǎn)化、改革開放以來的納西族國家認(rèn)同的全面提升幾個主要歷史時期。除此對上述幾個歷史時期納西族的國家認(rèn)同的構(gòu)建及特點進行闡述之外,本文還對當(dāng)前納西族國家認(rèn)同的現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,展示納西族當(dāng)前國家認(rèn)同的新變化,指出在當(dāng)前形勢下納西族國家認(rèn)同面臨的問題和挑戰(zhàn)。 從王朝國家時期到近代轉(zhuǎn)型時期,再到現(xiàn)代民族國家建設(shè)時期,在不同的歷史時期,納西族國家認(rèn)同的對象從王朝國家到近代民族國家再到現(xiàn)代民族國家,納西族的國家認(rèn)同具有不同特點,影響納西族國家認(rèn)同構(gòu)建的具體因素也有所差別,塑造和構(gòu)建納西族國家認(rèn)同的力量也不盡相同。在王朝國家時期,納西族的國家認(rèn)同是一個個的中央王朝在加強對納西族地區(qū)的治理,不斷強化納西族與中央王朝的聯(lián)系,不斷推動和灌輸國家主流政治文化的過程中構(gòu)建起納西族對王朝國家的認(rèn)同的,構(gòu)建的方式既有政治上的管理和控制,也有文化上的吸引和聚合,同時還有武力上的震懾。近代時期,納西族的國家認(rèn)同是中國現(xiàn)代民族國家的構(gòu)建中形成的,而中國現(xiàn)代民族國家的構(gòu)建是中華民族在尋求國家主權(quán)獨立和民族自由的過程中進行的。換句話說,中國現(xiàn)代民族國家的構(gòu)建、中華民族的由自在到自覺狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化,是在反帝反封建的愛國斗爭中實現(xiàn)的,中國現(xiàn)代民族國家構(gòu)建的方式是革命式的,相對應(yīng)的,納西族國家認(rèn)同的近代轉(zhuǎn)型,就是在反帝反封建的革命中發(fā)生的,革命是構(gòu)建和推動納西族國家認(rèn)同由傳統(tǒng)向現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)型的最重要方式。中國進入現(xiàn)代民族國家建設(shè)時期之后,納西族的國家認(rèn)同構(gòu)建方式受到國家治理方式的重要影響�！斑\動式治理”是現(xiàn)代民族國家建設(shè)時期,尤其是改革開放之前,現(xiàn)代民族國家治理的最主要方式和手段,各種政治運動也是國家在政治、經(jīng)濟、文化領(lǐng)域的開展活動的最主要途徑,因此,現(xiàn)代民族國家建設(shè)時期,納西族國家認(rèn)同的構(gòu)建、維系、轉(zhuǎn)化和提升無一例外受到國家“運動式治理”的影響,政治運動成為塑造和構(gòu)建納西族現(xiàn)代民族國家認(rèn)同的主要方式。 納西族的國家認(rèn)同不是自然生成的,而是不同歷史時期,不同政治力量構(gòu)建的結(jié)果。就納西族國家認(rèn)同的發(fā)展歷程來看,王朝國家時期,構(gòu)建納西族國家認(rèn)同的主要力量是王朝國家時期的各個中央王朝。在納西族的國家認(rèn)同近代轉(zhuǎn)型時期,納西族的國家認(rèn)同主要是在中國近代進步政治力量的引領(lǐng)下構(gòu)建起來的。而到了現(xiàn)代民族國家建設(shè)時期,中國共產(chǎn)黨全面執(zhí)掌國家政權(quán),中國共產(chǎn)黨集構(gòu)建執(zhí)政黨認(rèn)同和國家認(rèn)同的政治任務(wù)為一身,是塑造和構(gòu)建納西族現(xiàn)代民族國家認(rèn)同的核心力量。 不僅納西族的國家認(rèn)同不是自然生成的,而且納西族國家認(rèn)同的建構(gòu)也不是一蹴而就的,而是一個長期發(fā)展的歷史過程。不管在哪一個歷史時期,納西族的國家認(rèn)同一旦形成之后,在一定階段內(nèi)都是比較穩(wěn)定的。但是,從納西族整個國家認(rèn)同的發(fā)展過程來看,納西族的國家認(rèn)同又是不斷發(fā)展變化的,納西族的國家認(rèn)同始終處在一個動態(tài)發(fā)展的變化之中。如王朝國家時期的納西族國家認(rèn)同,就是經(jīng)歷了漫長的歷史發(fā)展之后最終得以建立起來的。認(rèn)同作為一種心理狀態(tài),是一個不斷延續(xù)和積累的過程,每一個階段的國家認(rèn)同狀態(tài)都會對下一個階段的認(rèn)同狀態(tài)造成影響,正向積極的國家認(rèn)同會不斷通過政治社會化的方式實現(xiàn)代際傳遞,在長期的歷史發(fā)展過程中逐漸沉淀成為納西族穩(wěn)定的心理素質(zhì),不斷提升和強化著納西族的國家認(rèn)同,使之始終保持在較高的水平之上 雖然納西族的國家認(rèn)同始終保持在一個較高水平之上,但是,在當(dāng)前形勢下,尤其隨著改革開放的不斷深入,納西族國家認(rèn)同在實現(xiàn)不斷強化和提升的同時,納西族的國家認(rèn)同也呈現(xiàn)出新的特點,同時也面臨著新的問題和挑戰(zhàn)。從國家層面來看,納西族面臨的問題在一定程度上也反應(yīng)了當(dāng)前多民族國家認(rèn)同建設(shè)所面臨的困境,如何正確認(rèn)識多民族國家在新形勢和條件下面臨的國家認(rèn)同危機,是多民族國家維持國家政治秩序穩(wěn)定,促進國家政治發(fā)展的應(yīng)有之意。 以納西族國家認(rèn)同研究為依托,可以略窺中國少數(shù)民族國家認(rèn)同構(gòu)建、發(fā)展、變遷的歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò),也能夠更好地認(rèn)識當(dāng)前多民族國家少數(shù)民族國家認(rèn)同所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)和面臨的問題、挑戰(zhàn),從而更好地把握少數(shù)民族國家認(rèn)同發(fā)展變化的規(guī)律和特征,獲得對少數(shù)民族國家認(rèn)同構(gòu)建、發(fā)展、變化的清晰認(rèn)識。
[Abstract]:The issue of national identity is a major political issue, but also a major political problem for the multi-ethnic country, can win the domestic various nationalities, especially the minority national identity, the relationship between political order and stability of the multi nationality country and domestic ethnic relations to multi nationality country to consolidate. Ethnic minorities, national identity is not innate, but the national construction results. To maintain the political stability of the multi-ethnic country, multi-ethnic countries must through various ways and means to continuously build, maintain, consolidate and improve the national identity of ethnic minorities, and constantly reinforce the national identity of the social psychological foundation, improve the recognition of the minority national level. This paper selects the Naxi nationality as a typical case, through the historical development process of change sort of Naxi national identity to examine Donne The development of the western national identity evolution, trying to answer: "Naxi national identity how to establish it? In different stages of development of national identity, national identity has what characteristics? What is the significance and role of building its national identity? The Naxi national identity in what state? The Naxi national identity face what kind of problems and challenges? A series of problems."
Naxi nationality is an important part of the Chinese nation, the national identity is not innate, but the national political power construction. The result of the historical process of the Naxi national identity throughout the development of Naxi national identity through the national Dynasty period, the modern transition period, the modern nation-state construction period three stages in the Empire period, with the deepening of the central government on the management and control of the Naxi area, interaction in the Naxi and central government relations continue to strengthen the process, along with the implementation of Confucianism in the Naxi areas of acculturation, "central dynasty dynasty" as the core of the Naxi national identity was eventually constructing. From Yuan Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, the Naxi Dynasty national identity has experienced from scratch, from vague to clear, to consolidate the process of change from the Naxi Dynasty state. During the period of identity is essentially based on the traditional "worldview" and "national view" on the cultural identity is the recognition and acceptance of the mainstream political culture of dynasty state period of Confucianism as the core, build and consolidate the Naxi Dynasty national identity. The Opium War as the beginning of a modern China the history of the process, but also China modern nation-state building and the Chinese nation as a national entity awakening, it is transformed in this period the Naxi national identity. With the identity of the Chinese nation for the characterization of the Naxi nationality, national identity from the national identity of a dynasty dynasty period into the modern meaning of identity the world - "Chinese". According to the change of Naxi national identity status, national identity in the transformation period of the Naxi Naxi experience of Chinese national identity awakening, Na The basic form period of Naxi Chinese national identity, enhance the Naxi ethnic identity period and during the formation of Naxi party identity. In the modern transformation of Naxi national identity period, the Naxi national identity to the Chinese national identity as the orientation, characteristics of modern Naxi national identity is increasingly prominent in the disintegration of traditional generation National identity and national identity in modern, Naxi national identity was realized from the traditional to the modern transition of.1949 in People's Republic of China, marking the completion of Chinese modern nation-state construction process, Chinese began to enter the modern nation-state construction stage. In this stage, the Naxi national identity through the construction of the early the successful establishment of the new Chinese, socialist period of all-round construction of Naxi national identity to maintain the ten years of the cultural revolution period of Naxi national identity A comprehensive transformation, several improving Naxi national identity main historical period since the reform and opening up. In addition to the above several historical period identity of Naxi nation construction and characteristics are expounded, the current situation of Naxi national identity are analyzed, showing the new changes in the Naxi national identity. Pointed out that the face of Naxi national identity in the current situation, problems and challenges.
From the Empire State period to the modern transition period, and then to the modern nation-state construction period, in different historical periods, the Naxi national identity object from the kingdom to a modern nation-state to the modern nation-state, Naxi national identity has different characteristics, the factors influencing the construction of Naxi national identity also has a difference. Shaping and constructing the Naxi national identity strength are not the same. In Dynasty state period, Naxi national identity is one of the central government in strengthening the governance of the Naxi area, continuously strengthen the Naxi and central dynasty, construct the identity of the Naxi Dynasty countries continue to promote and instill the national mainstream the political culture in the process of construction, the way of management and control of politics, but also attract and aggregate culture, as well as military deterrent. In modern times Naxi, national identity is constructed China in the modern nation-state formation, and the construction of China modern nation-state is the Chinese nation in the process of seeking national sovereignty and national freedom in. In other words, China construction of modern nation-state, the transformation of the Chinese nation from spontaneity to consciousness state, is realized in the patriotic struggle against imperialism and feudalism in Chinese, modern nation state building is revolutionary, the Naxi national identity transformation in modern times, is what happened in the anti imperialist and anti feudal revolution, the revolution is to build and promote the Naxi national identity from the traditional to the modern transformation of the most important ways China. After entering the modern national country construction period, the Naxi national identity construction is an important impact on national governance. "Campaign style governance" is a modern nation state building Period, especially before the reform and opening up, the main ways and means of modern national governance, political movement and countries in politics, economy, carry out the activities of the main ways, so the field of culture, the modern nation-state construction period, the construction of national identity, the influence of Naxi maintain, transforming and upgrading all countries "campaign style governance, political movement has become the main way of shaping and constructing modern Naxi national identity.
Naxi national identity is not natural, but in different historical periods, different political power construction results. The development course of the Naxi national identity, national Dynasty period, the main force to construct the Naxi national identity is the period of the central dynasty dynasty state. In the transformation of the Naxi national identity in modern times Naxi National identity is constructed in China modern progressive political power under the guidance. And to the modern nation-state construction period, the Communist Party Chinese fully wield state power, the Communist Party China set the ruling party and national identity as a political task, is the core power of shaping and constructing the modern nation of Naxi nationality agree.
Not only the Naxi national identity is not natural, but also the construction of Naxi national identity is not easy, but a long history of the development process. No matter where a period of history after the Naxi national identity once formed, are relatively stable in a certain period. However, from the development process the Naxi Naxi National identity, national identity is constantly changing, the Naxi national identity has always been in a dynamic change. As the Naxi national identity national Dynasty period, after experiencing a long history finally established the identity as a kind of psychological. State is a continuation and accumulation process, the state of the national identity of each stage will affect the state recognition of the next stage, positive national identity Will continue through the political socialization mode to realize the intergenerational transmission, in the long process of historical development gradually become the Naxi stable psychological quality, constantly improve and strengthen the Naxi national identity, kept on a high level
Although the Naxi national identity is always maintained at a high level, but in the current situation, especially with the deepening of reform and opening-up, the Naxi national identity in the realization of continuously strengthen and enhance at the same time, the Naxi national identity is also showing a new feature, but also facing new problems and challenges from the national perspective, the Naxi people are faced with the problem in a certain extent also reflects the current construction of national identity dilemma, how to correctly understand the national identity crisis nation faces in the new situation and condition, is a multi-ethnic country to maintain political stability, promote national political development should have Italy.
In order to study the Naxi national identity as the basis, we can see the construction of national identity Chinese minority development history changes, challenges also can better understand the current national minority national identity of the state and problems, in order to better grasp the development and change of the rules and characteristics of minority national identity people get on the construction of national identity in ethnic minority areas, a clear understanding of the changes.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C955

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