心理治療是“以言治病”的活動,治療師和來訪者通過言語互動來共同推動診療活動的有序開展。在言語互動的過程中,培養(yǎng)溫暖、愉悅、可信的關系是取得良好治療效果的前提和保障。在建立這種關系的過程中,共情起著至關重要的作用。心理治療中的共情是指治療師從來訪者的角度理解來訪者的想法、經(jīng)歷和感受的情感行為。它是準確感受當事人的內(nèi)心世界的能力,是智力與情感的過程,不僅需要理解、認知另一個人的情緒與處境,還需要將這種理解和認知準確地傳達給來訪者。雖然共情這一現(xiàn)象引起了學者的重視并取得了許多重要的研究成果,但這些研究主要是從心理學視角出發(fā),關注點在于較為宏觀的共情的作用及技術層面,而對于治療師在治療過程中共情表達的具體實踐方面鮮有研究�；谧匀话l(fā)生的心理治療會話,本研究嘗試對治療師如何表達共情進行語言分析。本研究語料來自于治療師與來訪者言語互動的視屏錄像,選取17次的心理治療會話為研究對象。本研究以人際和諧理論為理論框架,運用會話分析的方法對心理治療師和來訪者言語互動中的共情現(xiàn)象進行話語語用分析,主要探究心理咨詢中共情是如何在關系取向、以言行事域、話語域、參與域和非言語域中實現(xiàn)。就關系取向而言,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)心理...

【文章頁數(shù)】：259 頁

【學位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Abstract
摘要
Chapter One Introduction
    1.1 Background of the Study
    1.2 Rationale for the Study
    1.3 Research Objectives
    1.4 Significance of the Study
    1.5 Organization of the Dissertation
Chapter Two Literature Review
    2.1 Introduction
    2.2 Emotion in Interaction
        2.2.1 Emotion
        2.2.2 Emotion and Social Actions
    2.3 Studies of Empathy in Psychology
        2.3.1 Empathy and Sympathy
        2.3.2 Historical Development of Empathy
        2.3.3 The Nature and Features of Empathy
        2.3.4 Phrases of Empathy
    2.4 Studies of Empathy in Other Main Disciplines
        2.4.1 Empathy in Nursing
        2.4.2 Empathy in Medicine
        2.4.3 Empathy in Linguistics
    2.5 Conversation Analysis as an Analytical Approach to Empathy in Institutional Interaction
        2.5.1 Conversation Analysis
        2.5.2 Conversation Analysis and Institutional Interaction
        2.5.3 Conversation Analysis and Empathy in Institutional Interaction
    2.6 Research Gaps and Questions
    2.7 Summary
Chapter Three Theoretical Considerations and Analytical Framework
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Politeness and Rapport Management
    3.3 Rapport Management Theory
    3.4 Components of Rapport Management
        3.4.1 Behavioral Expectations
        3.4.2 Face Sensitivities
        3.4.3 Interactional Goals
    3.5 Rapport Orientation
    3.6 Rapport Management Strategy Domains
    3.7 Three Fundamental Structures of Conversation Analysis
        3.7.1 Turn Taking
        3.7.2 Sequence Organizatin
        3.7.3 Repair
    3.8 The Analytical Framework for This Study
    3.9 Summary
Chapter Four Methodology
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Data Source and Data Collection
    4.3 Selecting Target Instances
    4.4 Data Transcription and Analytical Procedures
    4.5 Data Analysis
    4.6 Summary
Chapter Five Rapport Orientation in Empathy
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Overall Distribution of Face-related Acts of Empathy
    5.3 Face-enhancing Acts of Empathy
    5.4 Face-neglecting Acts of Empathy
    5.5 Face-threatening Acts of Empathy
    5.6 Summary
Chapter Six Interactional Practices in Therapists' Empathie Responses to Clients' Troubles Telling
    6.1 Introduction
    6.2 Overall Distribution of Interactional Practices for Achieving Empathy
    6.3 Interactional Practices for Achieving Empathy
        6.3.1 Partaking in Clients' Feelings or Thoughts(PCFT)
        6.3.2 Offering Comfort(OC)
        6.3.3 Sharing the Same Experience as the Client(SSEC)
        6.3.4 Formulating the Gist of Clients' Troubles Telling(FGCTT)
        6.3.5 Formulating the Upshot of the Reported Problem(FURP)
        6.3.6 Offering an Empathic Diagnosis(OED)
        6.3.7 Offering a Candidate Method for Solving the Reported Problem(OCMSRP)
        6.3.8 Elaborating on the Client's Reported Problem(ECRP)
        6.3.9 Making a Positive Assessment of the Client's Action(MPACA)
        6.3.10 Downgrading Their Epistemic Rights to Clients' Troubled Experience (DTERCTE)
    6.4 Interactional Practices and Rapport Management
        6.4.1 Interational Practices and Behavioral Expectations
        6.4.2 Interactional Practices and Face Sensitivities
        6.4.3 Ineractional Practices and Interactional Wants
    6.5 Summary
Chapter Seven Sequential Organization of Therapist's Empathic Responses to Client's Troubles Telling in Psychotherapy
    7.1 Introduction
    7.2 Sequential Organization of the Empathic Sequence
        7.2.1 Four-part Structure of the Empathic Sequence
        7.2.2 Adjacency Pairs in the Empathic Sequence
        7.2.3 Pre-expansion in the Empathic Sequence
        7.2.4 Insert Expansion in the Empathic Sequence
        7.2.5 Post-expansion in the Empathic Sequence
    7.3 Structure Features of Empathic Sequence
        7.3.1 Trouble Elicitation Formats
        7.3.2 Client's Troubles Telling
        7.3.3 Therapist's Empathy
        7.3.4 Client's Response
    7.4 Summary
Chapter Eight Empathy in Participation and Nonverbal Domain of Rapport Management
    8.1 Introduction
    8.2 Empathy in the Participation Domain
        8.2.1 Turn-taking
        8.2.2 Lexical Substitution
        8.2.3 Pronoun Use
        8.2.4 Intersubjectivity
        8.2.5 Empathic Continuers
    8.3 Empathy in Non-erbal Domain
        8.3.1 Nodding
        8.3.2 Eye Contact
        8.3.3 Leaning Slightly Forward
        8.3.4 Sorrowful Facial Display
        8.3.5 Smile
    8.4 Summary
Chapter Nine Conclusion
    9.1 Introduction
    9.2 Major Findings
    9.3 Implications for Psychotherapeutic Practices
    9.4 Limitations of the Study
    9.5 Summary
References
Appendix Ⅰ
Appendix Ⅱ
Acknowledgements
Publications
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