現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞綴研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-21 08:48
【摘要】：從語(yǔ)言類型看，漢語(yǔ)屬于孤立語(yǔ)，形態(tài)變化不豐富，構(gòu)詞以復(fù)合法為主，由詞根與詞綴構(gòu)成的附加式合成詞占詞語(yǔ)總數(shù)的比例小。但詞綴可以說(shuō)是漢語(yǔ)中最小而爭(zhēng)議最大的語(yǔ)法單位，從術(shù)語(yǔ)名稱、判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)到范圍界定，各家認(rèn)識(shí)頗有分歧。本文以現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞綴為研究對(duì)象，探討關(guān)于現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞綴的一些具體問(wèn)題。 全文分五章，第二到五章是本文的主體部分。 第1章，緒論。介紹本文的研究對(duì)象和研究意義，說(shuō)明本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容、理論指導(dǎo)、研究方法以及語(yǔ)料來(lái)源。 第2章，對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞綴基本理論問(wèn)題的再探討。一是術(shù)語(yǔ)名稱。我們通過(guò)對(duì)6個(gè)系列的術(shù)語(yǔ)名稱從邏輯學(xué)、術(shù)語(yǔ)學(xué)兩個(gè)角度進(jìn)行比較，認(rèn)為語(yǔ)綴（前綴、中綴、后綴）和詞綴（前綴、中綴、后綴）兩個(gè)系列比較科學(xué)。語(yǔ)綴和詞綴的外延不同，應(yīng)該有清晰界定，二者不宜作為同義概念使用；二是判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我們認(rèn)為：判定詞綴應(yīng)從位置固定、不成詞語(yǔ)素、語(yǔ)義虛化、標(biāo)示詞性、構(gòu)詞能產(chǎn)、語(yǔ)音弱化六個(gè)方面綜合考慮。其中前三條是必要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，后三條是參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；第三個(gè)問(wèn)題是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞綴的分類、范圍和特點(diǎn)。關(guān)于分類，我們重點(diǎn)探討了兩類：真詞綴、類詞綴；語(yǔ)音化詞綴、語(yǔ)法化詞綴、語(yǔ)用化詞綴。關(guān)于范圍，我們比較了各家的不同并列舉了本文認(rèn)定的詞綴。現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)詞綴的特點(diǎn)有四個(gè)：數(shù)量少；前綴少、后綴多；類詞綴多、真詞綴少；構(gòu)詞能力有個(gè)體差異。 第3章，結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化而來(lái)的詞綴。結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化而來(lái)的詞綴有兩類：一是跨層結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化而來(lái)的詞綴；二是句法結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化而來(lái)的詞綴�？鐚咏Y(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化而來(lái)的詞綴主要有“于”“乎”“然”“其”“為”，它們都是從獨(dú)立使用的詞演變?yōu)槲恢霉潭ā⒄Z(yǔ)義虛化的構(gòu)詞語(yǔ)素—詞綴。其詞綴化的動(dòng)因主要有三個(gè)：漢語(yǔ)雙音節(jié)的韻律因素、與其前加詞語(yǔ)線性相鄰的高頻共現(xiàn)、語(yǔ)義的虛化。句法結(jié)構(gòu)的詞匯化是指由詞匯性成分和語(yǔ)法性成分組合而成的句法單位。我們認(rèn)為：句法結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化而來(lái)的詞綴主要有“著”“了”“的”“地”“得”。與跨層結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化而來(lái)的詞綴不同的是，“著”“了”的語(yǔ)法化路徑分為兩個(gè)階段：詞→虛詞→詞綴。語(yǔ)法化動(dòng)因與跨層結(jié)構(gòu)大致相同。本章還探討了包括“V得C”“V不C”的“得”“不”等是否為中綴的問(wèn)題。 第4章，探討狀態(tài)詞詞綴。主要圍繞四個(gè)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)：第一，狀態(tài)詞詞綴的種類。從語(yǔ)音角度看，有單音節(jié)詞綴、疊音的雙音節(jié)詞綴BB、非疊音的雙音節(jié)詞綴和多音節(jié)詞綴。其中疊音的雙音節(jié)詞綴BB最多，也最為復(fù)雜，只有意義虛化、位置固定、不成詞語(yǔ)素BB才是詞綴。第二，狀態(tài)詞詞綴的來(lái)源。詞綴BB來(lái)源于ABB結(jié)構(gòu)，伴隨著ABB短語(yǔ)的詞匯化和BB語(yǔ)義的虛化，BB詞綴形成。另外，ABB附加式詞語(yǔ)模式形成后，有一些虛義的B直接重疊構(gòu)成ABB詞語(yǔ)。ABC和AxBC式詞語(yǔ)由ABB語(yǔ)音變化而來(lái)。第三，狀態(tài)詞詞綴的語(yǔ)用功能。具體說(shuō)有四點(diǎn)：表達(dá)生動(dòng)的形象色彩，表達(dá)程度的量級(jí)變化，表達(dá)褒貶的感情色彩，表達(dá)口語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)體色彩。第四，ABB詞語(yǔ)的讀音。以前，不論BB本調(diào)是否為陰平，，BB多傾向于讀作陰平，現(xiàn)在，BB則趨向于讀作本調(diào)。 第5章，探討語(yǔ)言接觸對(duì)漢語(yǔ)詞綴和派生構(gòu)詞方式的影響。具體包括影響的方式、程度、結(jié)果和原因。語(yǔ)言接觸對(duì)漢語(yǔ)詞綴影響的方式主要有三種：一是某語(yǔ)素的詞綴用法從罕見(jiàn)偶發(fā)到頻繁使用；二是詞綴的使用范圍擴(kuò)大；三是詞根語(yǔ)素新增詞綴用法；語(yǔ)言接觸對(duì)漢語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞產(chǎn)生了積極影響，這種影響表現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：一是推動(dòng)了漢語(yǔ)派生構(gòu)詞法的發(fā)展；二是促使?jié)h語(yǔ)新增了一批構(gòu)詞活躍的詞語(yǔ)模。由于語(yǔ)言發(fā)展有自身規(guī)律，漢語(yǔ)吸收的外來(lái)詞綴，一般要經(jīng)過(guò)漢語(yǔ)的改造，因此語(yǔ)言接觸對(duì)漢語(yǔ)派生構(gòu)詞的影響是局部的、細(xì)節(jié)的，不是傷筋動(dòng)骨的。其他語(yǔ)言的派生構(gòu)詞詞綴之所以被漢語(yǔ)改造并吸收，除了社會(huì)的發(fā)展、國(guó)際間密切交流的客觀因素外，還有幾個(gè)因素值得關(guān)注：語(yǔ)用心理、傳媒方式的轉(zhuǎn)變以及語(yǔ)言的類推機(jī)制。在本文的結(jié)語(yǔ)部分，簡(jiǎn)要?dú)w納了語(yǔ)法化形成詞綴的動(dòng)因與機(jī)制。語(yǔ)法化形成詞綴的動(dòng)因有兩方面：一是語(yǔ)言因素。具體說(shuō)，包括音節(jié)的韻律制約，語(yǔ)義的虛化，語(yǔ)法功能的轉(zhuǎn)變以及語(yǔ)用心理；二是社會(huì)因素。語(yǔ)言接觸也是導(dǎo)致語(yǔ)法化形成的一個(gè)重要原因。語(yǔ)法化形成詞綴的機(jī)制主要是重新分析、類推和借用。這部分還總結(jié)了本文的重要結(jié)論，反思了本文研究的不足，提出需要繼續(xù)深入挖掘和研究的問(wèn)題。 本文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)： 一、提出了一些新觀點(diǎn)。比如：我們認(rèn)為判定詞綴要區(qū)分必要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。詞綴應(yīng)具備的三個(gè)必要特征是：位置固定、語(yǔ)義虛化、不成詞。其中不成詞是詞綴與詞最主要的區(qū)別特征。再如：我們主張應(yīng)明確詞綴與語(yǔ)綴概念間的種屬關(guān)系，明晰二者的外延。 二、從來(lái)源角度對(duì)詞綴進(jìn)行分類。對(duì)人們以前關(guān)注較少的結(jié)構(gòu)詞匯化而來(lái)的詞綴、狀態(tài)詞詞綴、語(yǔ)言接觸影響下的詞綴進(jìn)行較為深入的探析，從而揭示造成詞綴復(fù)雜、與相關(guān)語(yǔ)言單位邊界不清的根本原因。 三、研究過(guò)程中除運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究方法外，還采用了多學(xué)科的研究方法，主要涉及邏輯學(xué)、術(shù)語(yǔ)學(xué)、傳播學(xué)等相關(guān)學(xué)科理論。
[Abstract]:According to the type of language, Chinese belong to the language of the isolated language, the form change is not rich, the word-building is mainly the compound method, the additional synthetic word composed of the root of the word and the affix is the proportion of the total number of words. But the affix can be said to be the smallest and most controversial grammatical unit in Chinese. In this paper, some specific problems about the affix of modern Chinese are discussed in this paper. The full text is divided into five chapters, and the second to five chapters are the main parts of this paper. Sub-chapter 1 The research object and significance of this paper are introduced in this paper. The research contents, theoretical guidance, research methods and the language of this paper are described in this paper. The source of material. Chapter 2, the basic theory of the affix of modern Chinese A further discussion of the subject. The term name. By comparing the term name of the six series from logic to terminology, the affix (prefix, suffix, suffix), and affix (prefix, suffix, suffix) are considered to be two systems The differences in the extension of the affix and the affix should be clearly defined, and the two should not be used as synonymous. It is the judgment standard. We believe that the determination of the affix should be fixed from the position, not the word element, the semantic deficiency, the mark of the word, the generation of the word-building and the weakening of the speech. The first three is the necessary standard, and the latter three are the reference standard; the third problem is the classification of the affix of modern Chinese. In terms of classification, we focus on two categories: true affix, class affix, phonetic affix, grammaticalization, With regard to the scope, we have compared the different and listed the article. In modern Chinese, there are four characters: few, few prefixes, many suffixes, many kinds of affixes and few words, and the ability of word-building. There are individual differences. Chapter 3, Structural Words The affix of lexicalization. There are two types of affix in the structure: one is the affix of the vocabulary of the cross-layer structure, and the other is the structure of the sentence. The affix of the cross-layer structure is mainly the "Yu" of the "in no case" of the "to". The motivation of the affix is three: the prosodic factor of the two-syllable in Chinese and the high-frequency co-existence of the two adjacent words. The word meaning of the syntactic structure is the combination of the lexical component and the grammatical component. The syntactic unit is the syntactic unit. We believe that the affixes of the lexicalization of the syntactic structure mainly have the "to" of ""of"" to "to" ". It is different from that of the cross-layer structure, that is, the "to" of the "The grammatical path of the word is divided into two stages: the word and the word. The motivation of grammaticalization is the same as that of the cross-layer structure. This chapter also discusses the inclusion of" of the "to" V to C "V涓岰" is not", and so on. No, the question of the affix. Chapter 4, the discussion of the affix of the word. It is mainly about four questions: the first, the first-time word and the affix. In the view of the voice, there are two-syllable, two-syllable, two-syllable, non-overlapping, two-syllable, and polysyllabic. The two-syllable, two-syllable, affix, BB, is the most complex, only meaningful, position-fixed, non-morpheme. B is the source of the affix. Second, the source of the word affix of the word. The affix BB is derived from the ABB structure, accompanied by the lexicalization of the ABB phrase and the deficiency of the BB semantics. After the addition of the word pattern, some of the imaginary B directly overlap to form the ABB words. The expressions of ABC and AxBC are derived from the change of ABB's voice. To express the emotional color of the praise, express the body color of the oral language. Fourth, the pronunciation of the ABB words. Before, whether the BB is in the shade or not, the BB tends to be in the shade, and now, B B. Trend In chapter 5, the influence of language contact on the pattern of Chinese affix and derivative word formation is discussed. The way, degree, result and reason of the influence of language contact on Chinese affix are discussed in detail. The way of the influence of language contact on Chinese affix is mainly three: one is the affix of a certain morpheme. The method is used frequently; the second is the extension of the use range of the affix; the third is the use of the word root morpheme; the language contact has a positive effect on the Chinese word formation, and the effect is manifested in two aspects: one is to promote The second is to promote the development of Chinese derived word-formation, and the other is to promote the addition of a number of words and phrases that are active in the Chinese language. Because of the self-rule of the development of the language, the external affix of Chinese absorption is generally subject to the transformation of Chinese, so the language contact is a derivative of Chinese. The influence of the local, detail, not the bone. The derivation of other languages is modified and absorbed by the Chinese. In addition to the development of the society and the objective factors of close communication between the two countries, there are several other factors The factors are: pragmatic, media and so on. In the epilogue of this paper, the motivation and mechanism of the formation of the affix in grammaticalization are briefly summarized. The motivation of the formation of the affix is two aspects: one is the language factor. The prosodic restriction, the virtual of the semantics, the transformation of the grammar function, and the pragmatic psychology; the other is the social factor. The language contact is an important reason leading to the formation of the grammaticalization. The mechanism of the formation of the affix is mainly to re-analyze, analogy and borrow. This part The important conclusions of this paper are also summarized, and the shortcomings of this paper are reflected in this paper. continued in-depth excavation and research The point of innovation in this paper: First, some new ideas are put forward. For example, we think it is necessary to make a distinction between the necessary standards and the reference standard The three essential features of the affix should be: the position fixation, the semantic deficiency, the non-word, which is the most important difference between the affix and the word. between the mind and the mind The relationship between the species and the extension of the two is clear. Two, the affix is classified from the source point of view. The affix, the affix, the affix of the word and the influence of the language contact of the less-focused structure are compared. In-depth analysis, it is revealed that the affix is complicated 3. In the course of the study, the method of multi-disciplinary research is also used, which is mainly involved in the study of linguistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H146
本文編號(hào)：2503947
[Abstract]:According to the type of language, Chinese belong to the language of the isolated language, the form change is not rich, the word-building is mainly the compound method, the additional synthetic word composed of the root of the word and the affix is the proportion of the total number of words. But the affix can be said to be the smallest and most controversial grammatical unit in Chinese. In this paper, some specific problems about the affix of modern Chinese are discussed in this paper. The full text is divided into five chapters, and the second to five chapters are the main parts of this paper. Sub-chapter 1 The research object and significance of this paper are introduced in this paper. The research contents, theoretical guidance, research methods and the language of this paper are described in this paper. The source of material. Chapter 2, the basic theory of the affix of modern Chinese A further discussion of the subject. The term name. By comparing the term name of the six series from logic to terminology, the affix (prefix, suffix, suffix), and affix (prefix, suffix, suffix) are considered to be two systems The differences in the extension of the affix and the affix should be clearly defined, and the two should not be used as synonymous. It is the judgment standard. We believe that the determination of the affix should be fixed from the position, not the word element, the semantic deficiency, the mark of the word, the generation of the word-building and the weakening of the speech. The first three is the necessary standard, and the latter three are the reference standard; the third problem is the classification of the affix of modern Chinese. In terms of classification, we focus on two categories: true affix, class affix, phonetic affix, grammaticalization, With regard to the scope, we have compared the different and listed the article. In modern Chinese, there are four characters: few, few prefixes, many suffixes, many kinds of affixes and few words, and the ability of word-building. There are individual differences. Chapter 3, Structural Words The affix of lexicalization. There are two types of affix in the structure: one is the affix of the vocabulary of the cross-layer structure, and the other is the structure of the sentence. The affix of the cross-layer structure is mainly the "Yu" of the "in no case" of the "to". The motivation of the affix is three: the prosodic factor of the two-syllable in Chinese and the high-frequency co-existence of the two adjacent words. The word meaning of the syntactic structure is the combination of the lexical component and the grammatical component. The syntactic unit is the syntactic unit. We believe that the affixes of the lexicalization of the syntactic structure mainly have the "to" of ""of"" to "to" ". It is different from that of the cross-layer structure, that is, the "to" of the "The grammatical path of the word is divided into two stages: the word and the word. The motivation of grammaticalization is the same as that of the cross-layer structure. This chapter also discusses the inclusion of" of the "to" V to C "V涓岰" is not", and so on. No, the question of the affix. Chapter 4, the discussion of the affix of the word. It is mainly about four questions: the first, the first-time word and the affix. In the view of the voice, there are two-syllable, two-syllable, two-syllable, non-overlapping, two-syllable, and polysyllabic. The two-syllable, two-syllable, affix, BB, is the most complex, only meaningful, position-fixed, non-morpheme. B is the source of the affix. Second, the source of the word affix of the word. The affix BB is derived from the ABB structure, accompanied by the lexicalization of the ABB phrase and the deficiency of the BB semantics. After the addition of the word pattern, some of the imaginary B directly overlap to form the ABB words. The expressions of ABC and AxBC are derived from the change of ABB's voice. To express the emotional color of the praise, express the body color of the oral language. Fourth, the pronunciation of the ABB words. Before, whether the BB is in the shade or not, the BB tends to be in the shade, and now, B B. Trend In chapter 5, the influence of language contact on the pattern of Chinese affix and derivative word formation is discussed. The way, degree, result and reason of the influence of language contact on Chinese affix are discussed in detail. The way of the influence of language contact on Chinese affix is mainly three: one is the affix of a certain morpheme. The method is used frequently; the second is the extension of the use range of the affix; the third is the use of the word root morpheme; the language contact has a positive effect on the Chinese word formation, and the effect is manifested in two aspects: one is to promote The second is to promote the development of Chinese derived word-formation, and the other is to promote the addition of a number of words and phrases that are active in the Chinese language. Because of the self-rule of the development of the language, the external affix of Chinese absorption is generally subject to the transformation of Chinese, so the language contact is a derivative of Chinese. The influence of the local, detail, not the bone. The derivation of other languages is modified and absorbed by the Chinese. In addition to the development of the society and the objective factors of close communication between the two countries, there are several other factors The factors are: pragmatic, media and so on. In the epilogue of this paper, the motivation and mechanism of the formation of the affix in grammaticalization are briefly summarized. The motivation of the formation of the affix is two aspects: one is the language factor. The prosodic restriction, the virtual of the semantics, the transformation of the grammar function, and the pragmatic psychology; the other is the social factor. The language contact is an important reason leading to the formation of the grammaticalization. The mechanism of the formation of the affix is mainly to re-analyze, analogy and borrow. This part The important conclusions of this paper are also summarized, and the shortcomings of this paper are reflected in this paper. continued in-depth excavation and research The point of innovation in this paper: First, some new ideas are put forward. For example, we think it is necessary to make a distinction between the necessary standards and the reference standard The three essential features of the affix should be: the position fixation, the semantic deficiency, the non-word, which is the most important difference between the affix and the word. between the mind and the mind The relationship between the species and the extension of the two is clear. Two, the affix is classified from the source point of view. The affix, the affix, the affix of the word and the influence of the language contact of the less-focused structure are compared. In-depth analysis, it is revealed that the affix is complicated 3. In the course of the study, the method of multi-disciplinary research is also used, which is mainly involved in the study of linguistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：H146
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相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條
1 劉紅妮;漢語(yǔ)非句法結(jié)構(gòu)的詞匯化[D];上海師范大學(xué);2009年
2 沈光浩;漢語(yǔ)派生詞新詞語(yǔ)研究[D];河北師范大學(xué);2012年
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