清末民初“風俗版畫”研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-07 15:00
【摘要】：“亞文化”也被稱為次屬文化(Subculture),指的是相對于主流文化的一些非主流文化現(xiàn)象,又稱小文化或副文化。本文所研究的“風俗版畫”便是這種不被主流文化所重視,又試圖擺脫傳統(tǒng)民間文化的一種“亞文化”。它的形成經歷了與西方文化對抗、接受并最終融合的過程。本文將清末民初時期產生新風格的民間木版年畫定義為“風俗版畫”,它的形式是建立在木版年畫基礎上,把西方的圖像元素與本土風俗相結合,形成既有中國傳統(tǒng)構圖樣式又融入了西方透視、空間、造型等元素的新風格。在內容上區(qū)別于“傳統(tǒng)版畫”,表現(xiàn)出與現(xiàn)實社會息息相關,反映民眾生活狀態(tài)的“版畫”。在傳播方式上也與“傳統(tǒng)版畫”不同,是受到社會整體變遷的影響,產生于民間“自下而上”的一種“新民俗”表達方式。受清中期“西風東漸”的影響,中國美術開始接受西方“科學”的視角,民間也產生了以木刻手段和焦點透視相結合的木版年畫,形成了“風俗版畫”的早期萌芽。鴉片戰(zhàn)爭后,在“洋務運動”的推波助瀾下,社會風尚迅速變化,“洋貨”、“洋裝”為人們青睞,書籍插圖中也頻頻出現(xiàn)“火輪車”、“火輪船”等西洋新事物。這些“西洋景”作為新圖像迅速在社會傳播,并被民間木刻家利用與傳統(tǒng)圖像結合,創(chuàng)作出反映社會新風尚的木版年畫,“傳統(tǒng)版畫”至此全面轉型。戊戌變法后,在“先鋒”意識的催動下,新潮的有志之士創(chuàng)辦了畫報、報刊等新媒體,此類通俗性宣傳媒介在社會上廣泛傳播,開啟了“民智”,普及了民眾新知。伴隨著新思潮的影響,“移風易俗”運動開展,民眾的審美趣味隨之轉變。“風俗版畫”的產生恰恰契合了這種變化的時代,滿足了民眾追求“時尚”的心理。在出版商和畫師的共同參與下“風俗版畫”得以快速地發(fā)展。民國成立后,為了達到宣教的政治功用,國民政府提倡“改良年畫”運動,為“風俗版畫”提供了新的素材和創(chuàng)作方向。隨著“機械印刷時代”開啟,木刻“風俗版畫”受其影響日漸式微。本文將清末民初時期“風俗版畫”劃分為戰(zhàn)事題材、諷刺題材、市井生活題材、維新啟蒙題材。以圖像學、圖像志的研究方法從其發(fā)展流變、風格樣式、視覺建構、社會功能等角度對新風格形成的原因進行分析,對其體現(xiàn)的藝術價值、文化價值、社會價值等方面進行探究,梳理并還原這段被遺忘的“版畫”歷史。
[Abstract]:"Sub-culture" is also referred to as the sub-culture (Subculture), refers to some non-mainstream cultural phenomena relative to the mainstream culture, also known as small culture or sub-culture. The "custom print" studied in this paper is a kind of subculture which is not attached importance to by the mainstream culture and tries to get rid of the traditional folk culture. Its formation has experienced the process of antagonizing, accepting and finally merging with the western culture. In this paper, the folk woodblock paintings which produced new style in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are defined as "custom prints", which is based on the woodblock paintings and combines the western image elements with the local customs. The formation of both Chinese traditional composition style and the integration of Western perspective, space, modeling and other elements of the new style. Different from "traditional print" in content, it is closely related to real society and reflects people's living conditions. Different from "traditional print", it is influenced by the overall social changes and is a "new folklore" expression from the bottom up to the top of the folk. Under the influence of "western-style spreading eastward" in the middle of Qing Dynasty, Chinese art began to accept the view of western "science", and folk also produced wood-plate New year paintings with woodcut means and focus perspective, forming the early germination of "custom prints". After the Opium War, under the "Westernization Movement", social fashion changed rapidly, "foreign goods", "dress" for people, books illustrations also frequently appeared "fire wheel", "fire ship" and other Western new things. These "Westernview" as new images spread rapidly in society, and were used by folk woodcarvers to combine with traditional images to create wood-style New year pictures reflecting the new social fashion, "traditional prints" so that the overall transformation. After the Reform Movement of 1898, under the impetus of the consciousness of "pioneer", the trendy and ambitious people established new media, such as pictorial, newspapers and periodicals, which spread widely in the society, opened the "people's wisdom" and popularized the new knowledge of the people. With the influence of the new trend of thought, the people's aesthetic taste changes with the movement of changing the customs. The appearance of "custom print" coincides with the changing times and satisfies the people's psychology of pursuing "fashion". With the participation of publishers and painters, custom prints developed rapidly. After the founding of the Republic of China, in order to achieve the political function of propaganda, the National Government advocated the movement of "improving New year's Pictures", which provided new materials and creative direction for "custom prints". With the opening of the mechanical printing era, woodcut "custom prints" gradually declined. In this paper, the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China "custom prints" are divided into war, satire, market life, reform and enlightenment themes. This paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of the new style from the perspective of its development, style, visual construction and social function, and analyzes the artistic value and cultural value of the new style. Social value and other aspects of exploration, combing and restoring this forgotten "print" history.
【學位授予單位】：西安美術學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：J217
，
本文編號：2316725
[Abstract]:"Sub-culture" is also referred to as the sub-culture (Subculture), refers to some non-mainstream cultural phenomena relative to the mainstream culture, also known as small culture or sub-culture. The "custom print" studied in this paper is a kind of subculture which is not attached importance to by the mainstream culture and tries to get rid of the traditional folk culture. Its formation has experienced the process of antagonizing, accepting and finally merging with the western culture. In this paper, the folk woodblock paintings which produced new style in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China are defined as "custom prints", which is based on the woodblock paintings and combines the western image elements with the local customs. The formation of both Chinese traditional composition style and the integration of Western perspective, space, modeling and other elements of the new style. Different from "traditional print" in content, it is closely related to real society and reflects people's living conditions. Different from "traditional print", it is influenced by the overall social changes and is a "new folklore" expression from the bottom up to the top of the folk. Under the influence of "western-style spreading eastward" in the middle of Qing Dynasty, Chinese art began to accept the view of western "science", and folk also produced wood-plate New year paintings with woodcut means and focus perspective, forming the early germination of "custom prints". After the Opium War, under the "Westernization Movement", social fashion changed rapidly, "foreign goods", "dress" for people, books illustrations also frequently appeared "fire wheel", "fire ship" and other Western new things. These "Westernview" as new images spread rapidly in society, and were used by folk woodcarvers to combine with traditional images to create wood-style New year pictures reflecting the new social fashion, "traditional prints" so that the overall transformation. After the Reform Movement of 1898, under the impetus of the consciousness of "pioneer", the trendy and ambitious people established new media, such as pictorial, newspapers and periodicals, which spread widely in the society, opened the "people's wisdom" and popularized the new knowledge of the people. With the influence of the new trend of thought, the people's aesthetic taste changes with the movement of changing the customs. The appearance of "custom print" coincides with the changing times and satisfies the people's psychology of pursuing "fashion". With the participation of publishers and painters, custom prints developed rapidly. After the founding of the Republic of China, in order to achieve the political function of propaganda, the National Government advocated the movement of "improving New year's Pictures", which provided new materials and creative direction for "custom prints". With the opening of the mechanical printing era, woodcut "custom prints" gradually declined. In this paper, the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China "custom prints" are divided into war, satire, market life, reform and enlightenment themes. This paper analyzes the reasons for the formation of the new style from the perspective of its development, style, visual construction and social function, and analyzes the artistic value and cultural value of the new style. Social value and other aspects of exploration, combing and restoring this forgotten "print" history.
【學位授予單位】：西安美術學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：J217
，
本文編號：2316725
本文鏈接：http://sikaile.net/shoufeilunwen/rwkxbs/2316725.html
