本文選題：新年演講 + 語篇對比��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：“演講”自古以來就是表達思想最重要的方式之一,主要集中應(yīng)用于典禮、陳述會議等重要場合中,直到現(xiàn)在也在深刻地影響著人們�！皯c典演講”也是演講的類型之一。每逢國家的重要節(jié)日或者重要的活動,國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都會在公共場合致詞,向聽眾解釋活動的來源以及主要的內(nèi)容。演講是以語篇為基本語言單位的,而且慶典演講較突出地體現(xiàn)了社會背景、文化習(xí)俗及思維方式,因此對中泰慶典演講進行對比有助于更深入地了解中泰兩國文化,并推動文化交流。然而,雖然很多研究都涉及到了演講,但是少有學(xué)者關(guān)注中泰國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的演講,更多研究的是美國等發(fā)達國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的演講。不僅如此,很少有人會對慶典演講進行研究,人們大都研究的是政治演講、勵志演講等。而且從演講的視角對稱謂語和祝福語進行研究的領(lǐng)域也鮮有人涉足,運用語篇分析理論及對比語言學(xué)對中泰新年賀詞進行的研究更是一片空白。因此本論文將運用語篇銜接理論以及對比語言學(xué)為理論基礎(chǔ),對中泰兩國國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在2007年至2016年元旦及傳統(tǒng)新年(春節(jié)與宋干節(jié))所發(fā)表的賀詞進行研究,對其中出現(xiàn)的稱謂語、祝福語以及語篇銜接手段進行對比分析,從而探查中泰兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在其新年賀詞中稱謂語、祝福語的使用及語篇銜接手段選用和使用的異同。希望本論文可以促進語言學(xué)理論的發(fā)展,對漢泰的語言教學(xué)有所幫助。本文運用理論基礎(chǔ)是韓禮德和哈桑的語篇銜接理論,雖然該理論是以英語語料為根據(jù)的,但這個理論應(yīng)用范圍較廣,影響較大,而且中國、泰國與其他國家的學(xué)者對該理論也進行了豐富和深化,所以這個理論也適應(yīng)對漢語語料及泰語語料的研究。因此,將韓禮德和哈桑的語篇銜接理論作為本文的理論基礎(chǔ)是最合適不過的。本文所選用的語料是中泰國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在2007年至2016年元旦及傳統(tǒng)新年(春節(jié)與宋干節(jié))所發(fā)表的賀詞。雖然這些新年賀詞都是從口頭上說出來的,但仍然屬于書面語,并且是以語篇為基本語言單位的書面語。本文并沒有局限于語言結(jié)構(gòu)之中,而是從語篇的視角出發(fā),從社會、文化以及思維方式的角度出發(fā),對中泰國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人新年賀詞中出現(xiàn)的稱謂語、祝福語以及語篇銜接手段進行對比分析。通過分析研究,可以發(fā)現(xiàn),漢語與泰語新年賀詞有以下幾點不同:首先,漢泰新年賀詞中選用的稱謂語不同。在漢語賀詞中,國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會選用具有中國特色的稱謂語,或是漢語中獨有的稱謂語,而且為了與國際接軌,還會使用國際性的稱謂語;而在泰語賀詞中,國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會選擇對皇室的尊稱,來表示自己對皇室的尊重,國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人還會選擇類親屬稱謂語來稱呼人民,從而得到更多的支持。導(dǎo)致這一現(xiàn)象的原因有四個,分別是國家制度的不同、社會背景的不同、歷史文化的不同以及宗教信仰的不同。其次,漢泰新年賀詞中使用的祝福語也不盡相同。在新年賀詞中,中國國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人祝福的對象更多的是人民群眾,而泰國國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的祝福對象更多集中在皇室、政府官員以及公務(wù)員等人。而且漢語賀詞中出現(xiàn)的祝福語多是以四字格的結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn),并且在春節(jié)賀詞中會出現(xiàn)大量富有文化含義以及生肖文化的祝福語;而泰語新年賀詞中,祝福語更多的是以句子的形式出現(xiàn)的,而且國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會祈求佛祖保佑皇室家族,希望皇室的德行能夠恩澤人民群眾。導(dǎo)致這一現(xiàn)象的原因主要有四個,分別是國家政體與社會背景不同、思維方式不同、文化不同以及宗教信仰不同。再次,漢泰新年賀詞中使用的語篇銜接手段也并不相同。根據(jù)韓禮德和哈桑的語篇銜接理論,本文將語篇銜接手段歸納為六類,第一類是指稱銜接手段,第二類是省略銜接手段,第三類是替代銜接手段,第四類是詞匯銜接手段,第五類是復(fù)現(xiàn)銜接手段,第六類是連接銜接手段。漢泰新年賀詞中,這六類銜接手段既有相同之處,也有不同之處。在漢語賀詞中,出現(xiàn)較多的是人稱指稱、同義詞重復(fù)以及結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn),其中替代銜接手段并沒有出現(xiàn);而泰語新年賀詞中,出現(xiàn)較多的是名詞指稱、省略以及詞組復(fù)現(xiàn)。但是從整體上來看,漢語新年賀詞中出現(xiàn)銜接手段的頻率并沒有泰語新年賀詞中出現(xiàn)的那么頻繁。導(dǎo)致這個現(xiàn)象的原因主要是中泰人民的價值觀和思維方式不同。中國人更重視內(nèi)涵美,不注重表層銜接手段,認為意義上的完整大于形式,因此漢語是意合式語言,追求意義的整體性;而泰語是邏輯性很強的語言,因此需要更多的銜接手段將意義結(jié)合在一起。語言是文化的載體,反映了社會的形成與發(fā)展,也反映了民族的思維方式。由于社會不同,承載的文化不同,民族思維方式也不同,因此漢語和泰語有其不同之處。而且泰國對于佛教的推崇,在一定程度上也決定了泰語的特殊性。這就要求我們在關(guān)注語言內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)不同的同時,也要注意到語言結(jié)構(gòu)外部的社會、文化以及思維方式,探尋語言之間不同之處的更深層原因,從而促進語言更好的交流,加強不同文明間的對話。值得注意的是,關(guān)于慶典演講還有很多方面可以進行深入研究,比如篇章修辭、語體風(fēng)格等。由于筆者的精力、時間以及研究水平有限,對此并沒有進行研究。希望本文能夠為后來研究者提供思路,對以后的漢泰語言對比研究發(fā)展貢獻出一份力量。
[Abstract]:"Speech" has been one of the most important ways of expressing ideas since ancient times. It is mainly used in ceremonies, conferences and other important occasions. It has also been deeply affecting people. "Celebration speeches" are also one of the types of speeches. National leaders will be in the public field whenever important festivals or important activities are in the country. To explain the source and main content of the activities to the audience. The speech is based on the text as the basic language unit, and the celebration speech is more prominent in the social background, cultural customs and ways of thinking. Therefore, the comparison of the Chinese and Thai ceremonies will help to understand the culture of China and Thailand more deeply and promote cultural exchange. Although many studies have involved speeches, few scholars have paid attention to the speech of China and the Thai leaders, and more on the speech of the leaders of developed countries such as the United States. There are few people involved in the study of the blessing language, and the study of Chinese and Thai New Year greetings is more blank by the use of discourse analysis theory and contrastive linguistics. Therefore, this thesis will use the theory of discourse cohesion and contrastive linguistics as the theoretical basis for the Chinese and Thai national leaders in the new year from 2007 to 2016 and the traditional new year. The greeting words published in the Spring Festival and the Song Dynasty were studied, and the appellations, blessings and cohesive devices were compared and analyzed to explore the similarities and differences between the Chinese and Thai leaders in their new year's greeting words, the use of the blessings and the use of the cohesive devices in the text. The development of the theory is helpful to the language teaching of Han and Thai. This paper is based on the theory of discourse cohesion between Hallidy and Hassan. Although the theory is based on the English corpus, the theory has a wide application and great influence, and in China, the scholars in Thailand and other countries have also enriched and deepened the theory. This theory also adapts to the study of Chinese and Thai language materials. Therefore, it is most suitable to use the theory of cohesion between Hallidy and Hassan as the theoretical basis of this article. The corpus of this article is a message issued by Chinese and Thai leaders on New Year's day from 2007 to 2016 and the traditional new year (the Spring Festival and the song and the Chinese New Year). New year's words are spoken in words, but they are still written in written language and are written as basic language units. This article is not limited to the structure of language, but from the perspective of discourse, from the perspective of society, culture and thinking mode, the title of the Chinese and Thai national leaders in new year's words of congratulation. Through analysis and research, we can find that the Chinese and Thai New Year greetings are different from the following points: first, the appellations are different in the Chinese New Year greeting words. In Chinese greetings, the national leaders will choose the appellations with Chinese characteristics, or the unique appellations in Chinese. And in order to connect with the world, international appellations will be used, and in Thai greetings, the state leaders will choose the title of the royal family to show their respect for the royal family. The state leaders will also choose kinship appellations to call the people and get more support. There are four reasons for this phenomenon, which are countries, respectively. The family system is different, the social background is different, the historical culture is different and the religious belief is different. Secondly, the blessing words used in the Chinese New Year greeting words are not the same. In the New Year greetings, the Chinese leaders' blessing is more of the people, and the Thailand leaders' blessings are more concentrated in the royal family and the government. Officials as well as civil servants and others. Moreover, most of the blessings in Chinese greetings appear in the structure of four words, and there will be a large number of cultural meanings and greetings in the Chinese New Year's greeting words. In the Chinese New Year greetings, more of the blessing words appear in the form of sentences, and the state leaders will pray for the Buddha. The royal family is blessed with the hope that the virtue of the royal family can be made by the people of Enze. There are four main reasons for this phenomenon, which are the different political and social backgrounds, different ways of thinking, different cultures and different religious beliefs. Again, the means of cohesion used in the Chinese New Year greeting words are different. According to Hallidy and Kazakhstan. The text cohesion theory of mulberry is summed up in six categories: the first category is the means of referential cohesion, the second are ellipsis and cohesion, the third is the alternative means of cohesion, the fourth is the lexical cohesion, the fifth is the repetition method, the sixth is the connection means. In the Chinese New year greeting, these six cohesive means There are some similarities and differences. In Chinese greeting, there are many personal referendations, repetition of synonyms and structural repetition, and the substitution of cohesive devices does not appear. In Chinese New Year greetings, there are more noun designations, omissions and phrases reappearing. But in the whole, Chinese New Year greetings appear in Chinese New year greetings. The frequency of the means is not so frequent as the Chinese New Year's New Year greetings. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the Chinese and Thai people have different values and ways of thinking. The Chinese people pay more attention to the connotation beauty, not the surface cohesion, the meaning is more complete than the form, because the Chinese is the parataxis language, the pursuit of the meaning of the whole. But Thai is a very logical language, so it needs more cohesive means to combine meaning together. Language is the carrier of culture, reflects the formation and development of society, and reflects the way of thinking of the nation. Because of the different society, the different culture and the way of thinking of people are different, so the Chinese and the Thai have their differences. To some extent, Thailand's esteem for Buddhism also determines the particularity of the Thai language, which requires us to pay attention to the social, cultural, and thinking ways of the language structure, and to explore the deeper reasons for the differences between languages, so as to promote the better communication of the language. To strengthen the dialogue among different civilizations, it is worth noting that there are many aspects of the celebration speech, such as text rhetoric, stylistic style, etc. because of the limited energy, time and research level of the author, it has not been studied. It is hoped that this article can provide ideas for later researchers and the later Chinese and Thai language. Speech contrastive research contributes to a strength.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：H15;H412
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本文編號：1897386