本文選題：龐德 + 《詩章》��； 參考：《陜西師范大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：龐德是20世紀充滿爭議性的大詩人,他也是英美詩歌界最難懂的作家之一。他花費五十二年時間仍未創(chuàng)作完成的詩歌代表作《詩章》,被公認為是一部"天書"。除了二十多種語言文字造成的閱讀障礙,還有支離破碎的排版印刷、雜亂無章的文本結(jié)構、意識流式的表達陳述和透著神秘主義面紗的思想主張,這一切使《詩章》變得佶屈聱牙、晦澀難懂,同時也給歐美和國內(nèi)的詩歌評論家?guī)砝щy和挑戰(zhàn)。多年以來,在對《詩章》進行解讀和闡釋的過程中,有很多細節(jié)和篇章一直無法有機聯(lián)系到一起,而且由于沒有一個恰如其分的角度對它們進行全面的分析,致使讀者在理解和認知方面容易陷入僵局。朱麗葉·克里斯蒂娃提出的互文性理論提供了一個獨特的認知視角,幫助讀者轉(zhuǎn)換思維和理解方式,可用來解決這個讓人困頓的難題。《龐德詩章的互文性闡釋》就是基于上述考慮著手進行研究的。縱觀國內(nèi)外的研究成果,歐美學者圍繞龐德和《詩章》主要展開五方面的研究:第一,把龐德生前撰寫的各類文稿進行匯編整理,結(jié)集出版,為讀者進行研究工作準備第一手素材;第二,對龐德的成長經(jīng)歷、個人境遇、人生起伏等展開個案研究;第三,對龐德的詩歌或翻譯作品等,以導讀和文本指南的形式進行概述;第四,對龐德作品的藝術特色和思想主題進行挖掘和整理;第五,對龐德的個人身份、歷史地位和他在現(xiàn)當代文學發(fā)展中的作用和價值等進行討論。國內(nèi)學者圍繞龐德和《詩章》也展開多方面的研究,其中五大板塊最引人注目:第一,就龐德的翻譯思想和翻譯理論展開具體研究;第二,借助文學理論的相關知識,討論龐德與中國傳統(tǒng)文化之間的內(nèi)外在聯(lián)系;第三,借助比較文學的研究方法,對龐德的創(chuàng)作歷程和詩學思想進行文學考察;第四,圍繞龐德的《休·塞爾溫·莫伯利》、《比薩詩章》等詩歌作品展開風格、主題、藝術特色等方面的研究和討論;第五,從美學視角對龐德的《神州集》、《詩經(jīng)》等翻譯作品進行解讀和透視等。經(jīng)過文獻梳理可知,目前國內(nèi)外還沒有學者正式提出以互文性為視角對龐德的《詩章》進行系統(tǒng)的文本研究的。勞倫斯·S·瑞尼的《一首蘊含歷史的詩:詩章的文本研究》(1997)、理查德·泰勒的《詩章的文本》(1999)和詹妮弗·瑪麗·努爾米的《埃茲拉·龐德詩章里的認識論以及互文性實踐》(2007)涉及文本及互文性理論,但是明顯有一些缺陷。國內(nèi)學者主要關注龐德翻譯理論及翻譯實踐方面的研究,對龐德在詩歌領域的貢獻,尤其對他的詩歌代表作《詩章》進行文本細讀方面,還有待開拓和創(chuàng)新。截至目前,國內(nèi)還沒有博碩士論文旗幟鮮明地借助互文性理論對龐德的《詩章》進行綜合評價和系統(tǒng)研究的。鑒于此,本研究希望以互文性為視角,對龐德的《詩章》進行較為全面、系統(tǒng)的分析和討論,以彌補國內(nèi)外學者在該方面研究的不足。本研究除緒論和結(jié)論兩部分之外,主要涉及五個章節(jié)的內(nèi)容:第一章討論作為詩歌藝術文本的《詩章》,認為《詩章》用詩的語言和詩的形式藝術地再現(xiàn)了龐德一生中的所見所聞和真情實感,實現(xiàn)了詩言志、歌詠言的詩學功能。從互文性的視角看,《詩章》是一部眾聲喧嘩的詩歌總集,里面不僅有富含詩意的意象在相互唱和,而且還有意象構成的漩渦充滿各種回聲和余音。此外,《詩章》作為詩歌藝術文本,其字里行間鑲嵌著荷馬、但丁、惠特曼、布朗寧、葉芝、艾略特、H.D.等詩人的影子,是一部眾星閃爍、雜語紛呈的抒情戲劇史詩。實際上,《詩章》對史詩《奧德賽》和《神曲》進行了思想體系和敘述風格的戲仿,同時融合了惠特曼的自由體詩風、布朗尼的戲劇獨白體、葉芝的象征主義風格以及艾略特、H.D.等詩人的叛逆文風。這一切造就了龐德獨一無二的藝術體驗和特立獨行的詩學品格。第二章討論作為人類文化文本的《詩章》,認為《詩章》不是狹隘的宣揚美國文化至上的表述和話語,而是相反,龐德認為美國文化充斥著腐朽和墮落的內(nèi)容,問題重重,只有借助古希臘、古羅馬文化的批判精神和東方文化的包容精神,才能使美國和美國文化走向光明,重新煥發(fā)生機。這也影射了人類文化文本之間相互作用、全面對話的傾向和事實。從互文性視角考察,龐德的確主動地在《詩章》里借助多樣性的文本形式,展現(xiàn)豐富多彩的民族文化:一方面有的放矢地再現(xiàn)各民族文化的對話和狂歡,另一方面淋漓盡致地呈現(xiàn)龐德要真實表達的文化訴求。第三章討論作為社會歷史文本的《詩章》,認為《詩章》名副其實地承擔著歷史記事和歷史警示等社會功能。作為一種特殊的社會歷史文本,《詩章》不僅吸收和改編歷史上前人或后人的文字作品,而且借助戲仿、拼貼、引用、模仿等手段,對同時代的社會歷史文本進行了文本間的重組和改造。龐德的詩就是要整合古往今來的歷史力量,并相信這些歷史力量會對社會產(chǎn)生積極的影響。所以,在《詩章》中,讀者不難讀到許許多多歷史事件轉(zhuǎn)化為歷史文本,歷史文本轉(zhuǎn)化為社會公眾意識,社會公眾意識又轉(zhuǎn)化為文學的事例。第四章討論作為政治經(jīng)濟學文本的《詩章》,認為《詩章》自出版以來之所以爭議不斷,其中一個重要原因,就是龐德把自己不成熟的政治經(jīng)濟學思想完全暴露在《詩章》的具體情節(jié)。龐德最初受到家族傳統(tǒng)的影響,后來因為篤信激進主義者奧拉格·拉奇和道格拉斯的政治變革和經(jīng)濟學思想,希望為民族振興撰寫教科書。與此同時,他還不識時務地寄希望于像墨索里尼這樣的法西斯頭目,以為"公牛"可以將理論付諸實踐,結(jié)果成為政治糊涂蟲。他還在《詩章》中流露出一種反猶太主義思想,那是一種帶有民族偏見的反猶太主義的罪惡。雖然龐德對自己的反猶太主義思想有所懺悔,但是顯然不夠深刻。龐德的政治經(jīng)濟學帶著傷疤,但也不是沒有好的方面,比如,龐德的政治經(jīng)濟學體系中有中國古代政治經(jīng)濟學的影子。第五章討論作為道德哲學文本的《詩章》,認為《詩章》是龐德道德哲學思想的宣言書,里面點綴著閃光的細節(jié),充滿對正、明、仁以及真、善、美的追尋、叩問和反思,是龐德道德意識和哲學觀念互文作用的結(jié)果�？v觀《詩章》,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),其字里行間不僅僅是龐德自己的人生感悟和道德理念,還有古希臘古羅馬哲學、英法的啟蒙哲學、德國的理性哲學、美國的超驗主義哲學,甚至包括以孔子為代表的中國儒家哲學。這些不僅反映了龐德對西方哲學思想的融會貫通,也反映了他對東方道德哲學的開放式理解和接受。龐德對中、誠、仁、道等哲學思想的吸收和消化,使他自覺地與治國治民的實用主義哲學建立互文性的聯(lián)系;他對是非、美丑、正邪哲學觀念的闡釋和發(fā)揮,使他對社會道德標準有了全新的詮釋。在《詩章》中,還會發(fā)現(xiàn)龐德是新柏拉圖主義理念的熱情崇拜者,他也是平民主義道德哲學的代言人。龐德站在平民百姓的立場上維護社會正義,認為那不是權力而是職責,同時希望他維護百姓利益的話百試不殆�；ノ男岳碚撌墙庾x《詩章》的一把鑰匙。借助該理論來關照《詩章》,不難看出,《詩章》作為文本的確具有開放、多元和跨語境的特征。當然,通過解讀《詩章》再反觀互文性理論本身,會發(fā)現(xiàn)對《詩章》的互文性闡釋,在某種程度上又是對互文性理論的一種貢獻,或者說是一種開拓和發(fā)展。需要指出的是,龐德的《詩章》是一部百科全書式的偉大作品,該研究只是借助互文性視角對龐德的《詩章》進行嘗試性的理論分析和實踐探索,因此只能是管中窺豹,不可能面面俱到。雖然依據(jù)克里斯蒂娃等文藝理論家的文本理論和互文性理論,可以把《詩章》視為詩歌藝術文本、人類文化文本、社會歷史文本、政治經(jīng)濟學文本和道德哲學文本,但是不可能窮盡這些領域所有現(xiàn)象的研究,因為《詩章》本身就是由各種所指和無數(shù)話語組成的集合體,充斥著無限的可能性;而且,從一首詩的所指可以引申出更多的所指,以至于從某個詩歌話語中可以讀出無數(shù)隱含話語。或許正因為這樣,關于龐德《詩章》的研究才充滿了撲朔迷離;或許正因為這樣,關于龐德《詩章》的研究才變得趣味橫生、意義無窮。
[Abstract]:Pound is a controversial big poet in twentieth Century. He is one of the most difficult writers in the Anglo American poetry world. He took fifty-two years of unfinished poetry as a "book of poetry". It is recognized as a "book of heaven". In addition to the reading barrier caused by more than 20 languages, and the fragmentary typesetting printing, it is disorderly. The structure of the text, the expression of the flow of consciousness and the idea of the mysticism veil, all of which make the chapter of the poem more difficult and difficult to understand, but also bring difficulties and challenges to the European and American poetry critics. For years, there are many details and chapters in the process of reading and interpreting the poem. Juliet Christiva's intertextuality theory provides a unique cognitive perspective to help readers transform their thinking and understanding, which can be used to solve this problem. The intertextual interpretation of Pound's poetry is based on the above considerations. Looking at the research results at home and abroad, the European and American scholars focus on the five aspects of Pound and the "chapter of poetry": first, assemble and organize all kinds of manuscripts written by Pound in order to make research work for readers. Prepare the first hand material; second, carry out a case study of Pound's growth experience, personal circumstances, and life ups and downs; third, summarize Pound's poems or translations, etc. in the form of guide reading and text guide; fourth, excavate and organize the artistic features and thinking themes of Pound's works; fifth, personal identity to Pound. The historical status and his role and value in the development of contemporary and contemporary literature are discussed. The domestic scholars have carried out a number of studies around Pound and his poetry. Five of them are the most striking. First, a specific study of Pound's translation theory and translation theory is carried out; and second, with the help of the relevant knowledge of literary theory, Pound is discussed and discussed. The internal and external relations between Chinese traditional culture and the internal and external relations; third, with the help of comparative literature research methods, Pound's creative process and poetic thought are studied in literature. Fourth, the research and Discussion on the style, theme, and artistic features of Pound's poetry, such as Hugh salwy mobury, and pizza poetry, and so on; fifth, from aesthetics From the perspective of Pound's translation works such as "Shenzhou Collection >" and "Book of Songs >" and so on. Through literature review, there are no scholars at home and abroad to put forward a systematic text study on Pound's < poetry > from the perspective of intertextuality. Laurence S Reni's "a poem containing history: the text of poetry" (1997), The text of Chad Taylor's "text of poetry" (1999) and Jennifer Mary Nurmi's "epistemology in Ezra Pound's poetry and intertextuality practice > (2007) involve text and intertextuality theory, but there are some obvious defects. The domestic scholars focus on Pound's translation theory and translation practice, and Pound is in the field of poetry." In particular, he still needs to be explored and innovated in his poetry representative works, which is still to be explored and innovated. At present, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation and systematic study of Pound's < poetry > with the help of intertextuality theory in China. In view of this, this study hopes to take the intertextuality as the perspective to Pound's < poetry. In addition to the two parts of the introduction and conclusion, this study mainly involves the contents of the five chapters: Chapter One discusses the chapter of poetry as the artistic text of poetry, and thinks that "poetry" reproduces Pang Deyi in the form of the language and poetry of poetry. From the perspective of intertextuality, the poem is a collection of poetry, which not only contains poetic images in each other, but also the whirlpool of images is full of echoes and cones. In addition, < poetry > as a poetic art. The text, which is inlaid with Homa, Dante, Whitman, Browning, Yeats, Eliot, H.D. and other poets, is a lyric and dramatic epic which is sparkling and miscellaneous. In fact, the poem is parody of the thought system and narrative style of the epic < Odyssey > and < Divine Comedy >, and combines Whitman's free style poetry style. The dramatic monologue of brownies, the symbolism style of Yeats and the rebellious style of the poets such as Eliot and H.D.. All these bring up Pound's unique artistic experience and the unique poetic character. The second chapter discusses the chapter of poetry as the text of human culture, and thinks that the poem is not a parochial expression of the supremacy of American culture. On the contrary, Pound thinks that American culture is full of decadent and depraved content and has many problems. Only with the aid of ancient Greece, the critical spirit of ancient Rome culture and the tolerance of the oriental culture, can the American and American culture be bright and revitalized. This also reflects the interaction between the human cultural texts and the whole face. From the perspective of intertextuality, Pound did take the initiative to display the rich and colorful national culture in the "poetry" with the help of diversity. On the one hand, the dialogue and Carnival of all ethnic cultures were reproduced on the one hand, and on the other hand, the cultural appeal of Pound was vividly presented. The third chapter was discussed. As a special social and historical text, the poem, as a special social and historical text, not only absorbs and adapts the literary works of the former or the later generations, but also uses parody, collage, citations, imitation and other means of social history of the same times. The text is reorganized and reformed between texts. Pound's poetry is to integrate the historical forces of the past and present, and believe that these historical forces will have a positive influence on society. So, in the chapter of poetry, readers can not read many historical events translated into historical texts, historical texts translated into public awareness, social public. The fourth chapter discusses the chapter of poetry as the text of political economics, and argues that the reason why the "poetry" has been controversial since its publication is that Pound exposes his immature political economic thought to the specific plot of the poem. Pound was initially influenced by the family tradition, Later, because of the political change and economics of radicer Rudge and Douglas, he hoped to write textbooks for the rejuvenation of the nation. At the same time, he had no time to hope for the fascist head like Mussolini, thinking that the bull could put the theory into practice and became a political muddleer. There is an anti Semitism in the poem, which is a crime of anti Semitism with national prejudice. Although Pound confessed his anti Semitism, it is obviously not profound enough. Pound's political economics has scars, but it is not a good aspect, for example, Pound's political economy system. The fifth chapter discusses the shadow of Chinese ancient political economics. The fifth chapter discusses the chapter of poetry as the text of moral philosophy, and thinks that the chapter of poetry is a manifesto of moral philosophy, which is embellished with glittering details, full of the search for positive, bright, benevolent, and true, the pursuit of goodness and beauty, and the intertextuality of Pound's moral and philosophical ideas. It is not difficult to find that between the lines of poetry, it is not difficult to find that the words and words are not only Pound's own feelings and moral ideas, but also ancient Greek ancient Rome philosophy, English and French Enlightenment philosophy, German rational philosophy, American Transcendentalism philosophy, and even the Chinese Confucian philosophy represented by Confucius, which not only reflect Pound's Thought on western philosophy. The integration of thought reflects his open understanding and acceptance of Oriental moral philosophy. Pound's absorption and digestion of philosophical ideas such as honesty, sincerity, benevolence and Taoism make him consciously establish intertextuality with the pragmatism philosophy of governing the people. There must be a new interpretation. In the poem, Pound is also a passionate admirer of the new Platon doctrine. He is also the spokesperson for the moral philosophy of populism. Pound stands on the standpoint of the common people to maintain social justice, and thinks that it is not power but duty. At the same time, he wants him to safeguard the interests of the people. The theory of sex is a key to the interpretation of the chapter of poetry. With the help of this theory, it is not difficult to see that the "chapter >" as a text does have the characteristics of opening, pluralism and cross context. Of course, the intertextuality interpretation of the < poetry > is found by reading the "poetry" and the intertextuality theory itself, and to some extent it is also to the theory of intertextuality. A kind of contribution, or a kind of development and development. It is necessary to point out that Pound's poetry is a great work of encyclopedia. This study is only a tentative theoretical analysis and practical exploration of Pound's < poetry > with the aid of intertextuality. Therefore, it can only be a leopard in the pipe, and it is impossible to meet with each other. Although it is based on Christie The text theory and intertextuality theory of literary theorists, such as Eve, can regard the < poem > as the artistic text of poetry, the text of human culture, the text of social history, the text of political economy and the text of moral philosophy, but it is impossible to exhaustion the study of all the phenomena in these fields, because the poem is itself composed of all kinds of words and countless words. The aggregation is full of infinite possibilities; and, from the point of a poem, more meaning can be extended so that a number of implied words can be read from a poetic discourse. Perhaps it is precisely because of this, that the study of Pound's chapter of poetry is full of confusing; perhaps it is precisely because of this, that the study of Pound's poetry has become the only one. The taste is born, and the meaning is infinite.

【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I712.072

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