本文選題：構(gòu)式化 + 構(gòu)式演化　； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：空間的體驗(yàn)與感知作為人類(lèi)認(rèn)知世界的出發(fā)點(diǎn),它在人類(lèi)思維形成的過(guò)程中占據(jù)重要的地位。漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式是人們感知世界和認(rèn)知世界的一種空間范疇構(gòu)式,而它的產(chǎn)生與演化不僅是漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系自我調(diào)配、自我適應(yīng)的結(jié)果,更是漢民族在文化、心理和思維方式上相促相生的產(chǎn)物。然而,漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式的構(gòu)式化研究,尤其是在構(gòu)式的形式和意義演化方面的研究,一直以來(lái)卻未受到學(xué)界足夠的關(guān)注與重視。而且學(xué)界對(duì)漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式在歷時(shí)維度和共時(shí)維度上的研究較為零散,未成系統(tǒng),不能全面、深入地考察它的構(gòu)式演化歷程。有鑒于此,本研究以歷時(shí)構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法中的構(gòu)式化理論(constructionalization theory)為基礎(chǔ),嘗試把漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式的形式和意義的演化視為一個(gè)整體的構(gòu)式化過(guò)程,從理論建構(gòu)與構(gòu)式實(shí)例分析出發(fā),對(duì)其構(gòu)式的形式和意義的演化予以同等關(guān)注,旨在揭示隱藏在其構(gòu)式化背后的認(rèn)知機(jī)制和動(dòng)因,以期豐富構(gòu)式化的理論研究成果并擴(kuò)展構(gòu)式化理論在漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系中的研究和運(yùn)用范圍。漢語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法體系的研究需要不斷借鑒一些新興的語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論才能深入地推進(jìn)和發(fā)展。構(gòu)式化理論是認(rèn)知構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法和歷時(shí)構(gòu)式語(yǔ)法思想的集中體現(xiàn)。構(gòu)式化是構(gòu)式的形式和意義的產(chǎn)生與演化的結(jié)果。每一種語(yǔ)言都會(huì)產(chǎn)生構(gòu)式化,而漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式在主觀趨向空間、客觀趨向空間以及復(fù)合趨向空間的構(gòu)式化研究尚處于探索階段。因此,本研究致力于在構(gòu)式化理論的基礎(chǔ)上,主要探討以下三個(gè)方面的問(wèn)題:(1)漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式構(gòu)式化的由來(lái)和表征手段是什么?(2)漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式的構(gòu)式化表征引起了漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式的哪些構(gòu)式演化類(lèi)型?(3)隱藏在漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式背后的構(gòu)式化機(jī)制是什么?本研究基于國(guó)家語(yǔ)委在線語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)與分析,采用混合研究方法和個(gè)案研究方法,從共時(shí)和歷時(shí)的角度,對(duì)漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式的構(gòu)式化歷程及其機(jī)制進(jìn)行闡釋。我們把漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式分為主觀趨向連動(dòng)式,客觀趨向連動(dòng)式和復(fù)合趨向連動(dòng)式三種構(gòu)式形式。我們對(duì)這三種構(gòu)式產(chǎn)生的構(gòu)式化已達(dá)成了一些認(rèn)識(shí),其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)歸納如下:第一,主觀趨向連動(dòng)式“V來(lái)/去”源于說(shuō)話人水平空間的視角投射,進(jìn)而表達(dá)說(shuō)話人視角上的主觀趨向構(gòu)式義,在歷時(shí)維度上演化為一種固化的語(yǔ)法標(biāo)記構(gòu)式。無(wú)論“v來(lái)/去”構(gòu)式的形式和意義如何演化,它們?cè)跇?gòu)式上的趨向意義都是說(shuō)話人賦予的,都源于說(shuō)話人的身體結(jié)構(gòu)、空間特性和知覺(jué)環(huán)境相互作用的結(jié)果�！皏來(lái)”構(gòu)式表征說(shuō)話人視角上的“靠近”義,而“v去”構(gòu)式表征說(shuō)話人視角上的“離去”義。主觀趨向連動(dòng)式的構(gòu)式化表征既包含說(shuō)話人參照點(diǎn)的因素,也遵循信息編碼的時(shí)序原則,同時(shí)說(shuō)話人主觀視角的選擇會(huì)制約敘事語(yǔ)篇的連貫性。這些構(gòu)式化表征的手段引起主觀趨向連動(dòng)式在歷時(shí)維度上演化為具有承接功能、目的標(biāo)記功能和事態(tài)助詞功能的構(gòu)式類(lèi)型。承接功能的構(gòu)式演化為目的標(biāo)記的構(gòu)式演化和事態(tài)助詞的構(gòu)式演化提供了句法語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)義條件和前構(gòu)式演化的準(zhǔn)備。目的標(biāo)記功能的構(gòu)式演化處于承接功能的構(gòu)式演化和事態(tài)助詞功能演化的過(guò)渡語(yǔ)境階段,即臨界語(yǔ)境階段或使成語(yǔ)境(enablingcontexts)階段。事態(tài)助詞的構(gòu)式演化是主觀趨向連動(dòng)式的后構(gòu)式演化階段,表現(xiàn)出一定的滯留性和較強(qiáng)的能產(chǎn)性。構(gòu)式中的自主—依存性、說(shuō)話人思維的類(lèi)比化和說(shuō)話人視角的主觀化是引起漢語(yǔ)主觀趨向連動(dòng)式發(fā)生構(gòu)式化的主要機(jī)制。從自主—依存聯(lián)結(jié)的關(guān)系來(lái)看,“v來(lái)/去”構(gòu)式體現(xiàn)雙重和不可分離的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系。說(shuō)話人與聽(tīng)話人之間對(duì)自主成分和依存成分的關(guān)注度是相等的,其視點(diǎn)都聚焦于具體化空位的關(guān)系上。構(gòu)式化的運(yùn)作機(jī)制是一種意向性的活動(dòng),它的產(chǎn)生受到意向性因素的制約。從自主成分推衍出來(lái)的依存成分主要是通過(guò)自主成分與依存成分之間的相鄰或相似關(guān)系才得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。因此,構(gòu)式化的產(chǎn)生受相鄰或相似關(guān)系的制約。說(shuō)話人使用語(yǔ)義類(lèi)推的方式建構(gòu)新的構(gòu)式表達(dá)式。類(lèi)比化是觸發(fā)漢語(yǔ)主觀趨向連動(dòng)式向其他構(gòu)式類(lèi)型演化的主要機(jī)制。說(shuō)話人的主觀視角引起“v來(lái)/去”構(gòu)式具有消解說(shuō)話人視角偏差的作用。第二,客觀趨向連動(dòng)式源于人們對(duì)空間方位感知和互動(dòng)的認(rèn)知方式。這種方式投射到語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)中就具有對(duì)應(yīng)的構(gòu)式形式和意義,并且在說(shuō)話人心理上形成一種固化的構(gòu)式�？陀^趨向連動(dòng)式的形成遵循格式塔感知的機(jī)理,體現(xiàn)出人們空間垂直方位感知的整體性。從“v上/下”構(gòu)式形式來(lái)看,說(shuō)話人在與客觀趨向空間交互時(shí)用于描述事件的起點(diǎn)、過(guò)程、終點(diǎn)以及持續(xù)性狀態(tài)的認(rèn)知參照點(diǎn)是一個(gè)連續(xù)體的圖式構(gòu)式。它們形式的演化是鏈狀型的模式。從“v上/下”構(gòu)式意義來(lái)看,說(shuō)話人把趨向空間的意義映射到非趨向空間的意義上,而這些意義是處于一個(gè)整體的構(gòu)式網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系之中的�！皏上/下”構(gòu)式均具有鏈狀型模式和輻射型模式。引起這兩種構(gòu)式演化路徑的主要機(jī)制是人們?cè)谡J(rèn)知上的范疇化和隱喻化。構(gòu)式化的使成語(yǔ)境引起“v上/下”構(gòu)式發(fā)生擴(kuò)展和泛化,觸發(fā)說(shuō)話人在原型構(gòu)式和非原型構(gòu)式之間作出意向性選擇,引起說(shuō)話人使用非范疇化的手段表達(dá)空間概念�！皏上/下”空間隱喻構(gòu)式的形成是在特定文化基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的�！皏上/下”構(gòu)式隱喻化的基礎(chǔ)是事物之間的相似性,而人們對(duì)“v上/下”空間構(gòu)式感知的相似性又為隱喻的表達(dá)創(chuàng)造相似的感知經(jīng)驗(yàn)并提供無(wú)限的動(dòng)力。第三,復(fù)合趨向連動(dòng)式是人們根據(jù)物體方位和說(shuō)話人所在位置表征出的一種復(fù)合空間構(gòu)式。它主要表達(dá)主客觀趨向空間的位移和變化。我們主要考察“v上來(lái)/上去”和“v下來(lái)/下去”構(gòu)式在歷時(shí)維度上從表示具體的趨向空間意義向表示抽象的非空間意義的演化,在構(gòu)式內(nèi)部形成新的構(gòu)式形式和新的構(gòu)式意義,從而產(chǎn)生構(gòu)式化。復(fù)合趨向連動(dòng)式中“v上來(lái)/上去”和“v下來(lái)/下去”構(gòu)式化的表征手段主要遵循距離像似性原則和時(shí)間順序象似性原則。前者可以從定位賓語(yǔ)和無(wú)定位賓語(yǔ)兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行構(gòu)式化表征。后者可以通過(guò)先后型構(gòu)式和同步型構(gòu)式進(jìn)行構(gòu)式化表征。這樣的構(gòu)式化表征會(huì)引起“v上來(lái)/上去”和“v下來(lái)/下去”出現(xiàn)構(gòu)式空缺。說(shuō)話人在感知上的突顯,心理上的突顯和視角上的典型性是導(dǎo)致這些構(gòu)式空缺的主要因素。復(fù)合趨向連動(dòng)式是新分析和類(lèi)比化機(jī)制共同作用的結(jié)果。說(shuō)話人對(duì)構(gòu)式中的處所賓語(yǔ)和行為動(dòng)詞作出了不同程度上的識(shí)解和新分析,這種認(rèn)知機(jī)制導(dǎo)致了復(fù)合趨向連動(dòng)式發(fā)生構(gòu)式演化,引起趨向連動(dòng)式向不同層級(jí)的構(gòu)式類(lèi)型擴(kuò)展。處所成分直接進(jìn)入到行為動(dòng)詞與復(fù)合趨向動(dòng)詞之間進(jìn)行新的構(gòu)式建構(gòu),并成為復(fù)合趨向連動(dòng)式中的處所賓語(yǔ),在此基礎(chǔ)上,主體原有的視角通過(guò)類(lèi)比思維和新分析的機(jī)制建立起來(lái)。同時(shí)這兩種認(rèn)知機(jī)制使復(fù)合趨向連動(dòng)式以鏈狀型和輻射型的模式發(fā)生構(gòu)式化。復(fù)合趨向連動(dòng)式作為空間表達(dá)的構(gòu)式系統(tǒng),它的構(gòu)式化具有動(dòng)態(tài)性、連續(xù)性和層級(jí)性的特征。本研究的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要體現(xiàn)在以下三個(gè)方面。首先,本文基于構(gòu)式化理論闡釋了漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式在形式和意義上的構(gòu)式化歷程,從而嘗試提出漢語(yǔ)趨向連動(dòng)式的構(gòu)式化路徑既有“鏈狀型”的模式,也有“輻射型”的模式,為漢語(yǔ)其他動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)式演化提供了新的視角。其次,本文進(jìn)一步地豐富了構(gòu)式化理論研究的內(nèi)涵并指出了英語(yǔ)構(gòu)式化理論研究應(yīng)該實(shí)現(xiàn)多層面的研究模式。對(duì)漢語(yǔ)展開(kāi)的構(gòu)式化研究,不僅可以從微觀層面透視構(gòu)式的演化規(guī)律,而且可以從宏觀層面縱向把握構(gòu)式的演化進(jìn)程,從而突破微觀層面單一的構(gòu)式化研究模式。最后,本研究的結(jié)論亦可為探究構(gòu)式的起源提供參考,也為“構(gòu)式是如何習(xí)得的”這一難題尋覓到理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The experience and perception of space as the starting point of the human cognition world, it occupies an important position in the process of human thinking, and the Chinese trend is a spatial category structure that people perceive the world and the cognitive world, and its generation and evolution is not only the self adjustment of the Chinese grammar system, the result of self adaptation, but also the Han Dynasty. However, the study of Chinese tendencies to be conjoined, especially in the form of structure and the evolution of meaning, has not received enough attention and attention from the academic circles. Moreover, the academic circles have studied the direction of the Chinese trend in the diachronic dimension and the synchronic dimension. In view of this, this study, based on the constructional theory of diachronic Grammar (Constructionalization theory), tries to view the formalization of the Chinese tendency to the form and meaning as a whole process of construction, from theoretical construction and construction. In order to enrich the theoretical research results and expand the research and application of the constructional theory in the Chinese grammar system, the study of the Chinese grammatical system needs not to be studied. The theory of constructional theory is the focus of cognitive structure grammar and diachronic grammar. Construction is the result of the formation and evolution of the form and meaning of the structure. This study is devoted to the following three aspects: (1) what are the origin and the means of the Chinese tending to be conjoined? (2) the Chinese tendencies of constructional representation cause the Chinese language. What are the structural evolution types of the trend continuous movement? (3) what is the structural mechanism hidden behind the Chinese tending pattern? Based on the statistical data and analysis of the online corpus of the National Language Committee, this study uses the mixed research method and the case study method to analyze the construction process of the Chinese trend connection from the synchronic and diachronic angles. The mechanism is explained. We divide the Chinese trend continuous movement into three forms of subjectively tending movement, objective trend and compound tendency. We have reached some understanding about the construction of the three constructions. The research finds out as follows: first, the concept of "V come / go" is derived from the level of the speaker. The perspective of space is projected, and then the subjective tendencies in the speaker's perspective are expressed, and they evolve into a curable grammatical structure in the diachronic dimension. No matter how the form and meaning of the "V to" structure evolves, the tendencies of their constructions are all derived from the speaker's body structure and spatial characteristics. The result of the interaction with the perceptual environment. The "V" structure represents the meaning of "close" in the speaker's perspective, while the "V" structure characterizes the meaning of "leaving" in the speaker's perspective. The subjective trend of the constructional representation includes the factors of the illumination point of the speech ginseng, the temporal principle of the information coding, and the subjective perspective of the speaker. The selection will restrict the coherence of the narrative discourse, which causes the subjective tendency to evolve into a constructional type with the function of acceptance, the purpose of marking and the function of the state of affairs in the diachronic dimension. The syntactic context, the semantic condition and the preparation of the evolution of the former structure. The structure evolution of the goal marking function is in the transitional context stage of the structure evolution of the undertaking function and the evolution of the function of the auxiliary word, that is, the critical context stage or the enablingcontexts stage. In the stage, there is a certain degree of retention and strong productivity. The independence and dependence of the structure, the analogy of the speaker's thinking and the subjectivism of the speaker's perspective are the main mechanisms of the subjectivism of the Chinese subjectivism. From the relationship of independence and dependence, the "V to" structure embodies dual and non separation. The semantic relationship between the speaker and the hearer is equal to the degree of concern between the independent component and the dependent component. The point of view is focused on the relation of the specific vacancy. The operation mechanism of construction is a kind of intentional activity, and its production is restricted by the intentional factors. The dependent components derived from the independent component are mainly through the passage. The adjacent or similar relationship between the independent components and the dependent components can be realized. Therefore, the formation of the structure is restricted by adjacent or similar relationships. The speaker constructs a new constitutive expression using semantic analogies. Analogy is the main mechanism that triggers the evolution of the Chinese subjective tendency to the other structure type. The view point of view causes the "V come / go" structure to eliminate the deviation of the speaker's perspective. Second, the objective tendency is derived from the cognitive style of people's perception and interaction in spatial orientation. This way of projecting into the language structure has corresponding structure and meaning, and forms a kind of solidified structure in the speaker's psychology. In the form of "V / lower", the speaker is used to describe the starting point of the event, the process, the end point and the continuous character state of the cognitive reference point, which is a continuum structure. The evolution of their form is a chain type pattern. From the "V / lower" structure meaning, the speaker maps the meaning of the tendency space to the meaning of the non tendency space, and these meanings are in a whole network system. The "V / down" structure has chain type and radiation pattern. These two kinds cause these types. The main mechanism of the structural evolution path is the categorization and metaphorization of people's cognition. The context induces the expansion and generalization of the "V / lower" structure, triggering the speaker to make the intention choice between the prototype and the archetype, causing the speaker to express the concept of space using the means of non categorization. "V / down" The formation of spatial metaphorical structure is produced on a specific cultural basis. The metaphorical basis of "V upper / lower" structure is the similarity between things, while people's similarity in spatial perception of "V / down" space creates similar perceptual experience and unlimited power for metaphorical expression. Third, compound tendencies are people A complex spatial structure characterized by the position of the object and the location of the speaker. It mainly expresses the displacement and change of the subjective and objective tendency space. We mainly examine the evolution of the "V up / up" and "V down / down" structure from the specific tendency spatial meaning to the abstract non spatial meaning in the diachronic dimension. The new structure form and the new constructional meaning are formed within the structure, and the structure transformation is produced. The representation means of "V up / up" and "V down / down" are mainly followed by the principle of distance iconicity and the iconicity of time sequence. The former can be derived from the two aspects of the orientation object and the non localizing object. Constructional characterization. The latter can be characterized by structural and synchronous structures. Such structured representations can cause "V up / up" and "V down / down". The speaker's prominence in perception, psychological prominence and the typicality of the perspective are the main causes of these structural vacancies. The compound tendency continuous movement is the result of the joint action of the new analysis and the analogical mechanism. The speaker makes a different degree of understanding and new analysis on the object and the behavior verb in the structure. This cognitive mechanism leads to the evolution of the complex tendencies and causes the expansion of the structure type to the different levels. The composition of the premises is directly entered into a new constructional construction between the behavioral verb and the compound tendency verb, and it becomes the object of the compound direction. On this basis, the original perspective of the subject is established by the analogical thinking and the mechanism of the new analysis. At the same time, the two recognition mechanisms make the compound trend linked with the chain type and the spoke. The pattern of the pattern is structured. The composite tendencies are used as the spatial expression system, and its construction has the characteristics of dynamic, continuous and hierarchical. The innovation of this study is mainly embodied in the following three aspects. Firstly, this paper explains the form and meaning of the Chinese tendencies based on the constructional theory. In this way, we try to put forward that the construction path of Chinese tendencies has a "chain type" pattern and a "radiation type" model, which provides a new perspective for the construction of other verbs in Chinese. Secondly, this paper further enriches the connotation of the study of constructional theory and points out that the study of English constructional theory should be true. The research pattern of the multi level study. The study of the construction of Chinese is not only to perspective the evolution of the structure from the micro level, but also to grasp the evolution process of the structure from the macro level, so as to break through the single structure research pattern in the micro level. Finally, the conclusion of this research can also provide a reference for the origin of the inquiry structure. The examination also provides a theoretical basis for the problem of how construction is learned.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146.3
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本文編號(hào)：1840007