本文選題：工作記憶 + 生物運動　； 參考：《山東師范大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：生物運動指的是人或動物在空間上的整體性移動行為。根據(jù)生物運動,人們輕松地就能識別動作、意圖、情緒。這種技能依賴于對身體形狀和身體運動線索的正確識別。以往有關生物運動的大量研究主要探討了在視知覺過程中生物運動的加工機制,如生物運動知覺加工的基礎是基于身體形狀加工還是基于身體形狀與身體運動的共同加工、身體形狀與身體運動加工分離的神經(jīng)機制等。有效完成生物運動的加工不僅需要視知覺的參與,還需要將生物運動信息存入工作記憶,以進行進一步的認知加工,從而完成復雜的社會認知與社會交往。然而,生物運動的工作記憶加工機制尚處于探索階段,尤其是身體形狀信息和身體運動信息在生物運動的工作記憶加工中的作用如何?生物運動在工作記憶加工過程中受哪些因素的影響?這些問題有待于進一步探討。本研究嘗試探討身體形狀信息與身體運動信息在生物運動的工作記憶加工中的作用,并從知覺者和知覺對象的角度深入探討生物運動的工作記憶加工機制。對這一問題的探討將有利于深入揭示生物運動的加工機制,有助于深入揭示生物運動知覺與工作記憶之間的關系。本研究主要從三方面展開研究。一是身體形狀信息與身體運動信息在生物運動的工作記憶中是如何表征的。在生物運動知覺加工期間,負責身體形狀加工的腦區(qū)內(nèi)一直有明顯的活動,這表明運動和形狀加工都有助于生物運動知覺。由于視知覺加工過程中視覺信息的加工方式能夠直接影響工作記憶中信息選擇、編碼、保持與提取的方式,那么,生物運動的工作記憶編碼與保持是否基于對身體形狀信息的加工?身體形狀加工和身體運動加工在生物運動的工作記憶加工中的作用如何?二是從場獨立—場依存這一知覺者個體差異的角度,比較兩類個體在不同生物運動信息的工作記記憶容量、完成不同生物運動的工作記憶任務中的差異,深入揭示生物運動的工作記憶加工機制。三是從知覺對象不同特征的角度,探討生物運動的工作記憶加工的影響因素。通過考察光點數(shù)量、光點持續(xù)時間、噪音遮蔽等因素對生物運動的工作記憶加工的影響,進一步揭示生物運動的工作記憶加工機制。生物運動的知覺加工的基礎是基于對身體形狀信息的加工,還是基于對身體形狀和身體運動信息的共同加工,仍有爭議,且兩種信息的知覺加工方式的神經(jīng)基礎是分離的,視知覺加工過程中視覺信息的加工方式能夠直接影響工作記憶中信息選擇、編碼、保持與提取。本研究假設,生物運動的工作記憶加工基礎是基于對身體形狀和身體運動信息的共同加工,身體形狀信息與身體運動信息在工作記憶中存儲的機制不同;不同認知方式個體生物運動的工作記憶加工存在不同;知覺對象的不同特征影響生物運動的工作記憶加工。本研究選擇由橢圓運動序列表達的人體動作、身體運動、身體形狀的刺激材料,采用行為實驗與事件相關腦電位技術,變化覺察任務的范式,就.上述假設進行了系統(tǒng)探討。第一部分主要探討身體形狀與身體運動在生物運動的工作記憶中的加工機制。在參照以往研究中實驗材料設計的基礎上,制作本研究的生物運動實驗材料;在實驗1a和實驗1b中,通過對人體動作和身體形狀刺激的單一呈現(xiàn)、混合呈現(xiàn),考察生物運動的工作記憶中是否基于身體形狀的加工,結果顯示,在單獨加工人體動作刺激后從運動的橢圓中提取的身體形狀信息會得到編碼,在混合加工人體動作與身體形狀刺激后,隨著記憶身體形狀的負載增大人體動作刺激的記憶成績下降,并且身體形狀的記憶成績也隨著記憶人體動作負載增大而下降;在實驗2中,通過在變化覺察任務中加入一項靜態(tài)/動態(tài)干擾任務,考察身體形狀和身體運動在生物運動的工作記憶表征中的作用,結果顯示,基于形狀的靜態(tài)干擾任務損害了身體形狀的加工,基于運動的動態(tài)干擾任務損害了身體運動的加工;在實驗3中,采用事件相關電位技術,以慢波(SP)為指標,考察人體動作、身體運動與身體形狀誘發(fā)的SP成分在大腦激活程度,探討身體形狀與身體運動在生物運動的工作記憶中的加工機制,結果顯示,在生物運動的工作記憶表征中身體運動與身體形狀信息對腦區(qū)的激活程度存在差異,在編碼階段身體形狀信息的激活程度更高,而在保持階段身體運動信息的激活程度更高。第二部分從知覺者不同認知方式的角度,探討身體形狀和身體運動在生物運動的工作記憶加工中的作用。通過比較場獨立—場依存認知方式個體的身體運動(實驗4a)、身體形狀(實驗4b)、生物運動(實驗4c)的工作記憶容量差異,以及在生物運動的工作記憶任務、身體運動的工作記憶任務和身體形狀的工作記憶任務中的差異(實驗5),進一步探討生物運動的工作記憶加工機制,結果顯示,場獨立個體身體運動的工作記憶容量高于場依存?zhèn)�體,其身體形狀的工作記憶容量低于場依存?zhèn)�體;在完成身體運動工作記憶任務時,場獨立個體的成績好于場依存?zhèn)�體;在完成身體形狀工作記憶任務時,場依存?zhèn)�體的成績好于場獨立個體。第三部分從知覺對象不同特征角度,探討生物運動的工作記憶加工的影響因素。實驗6考察構成運動序列的橢圓數(shù)量、實驗7a考察固定步態(tài)周期下光點持續(xù)時間、實驗7b考察固定畫面數(shù)量下光點持續(xù)時間、實驗8考察噪音遮蔽對生物運動的工作記憶加工的影響,結果顯示,構成橢圓運動序列的橢圓數(shù)量的減少、畫面數(shù)量的減少、靜止的雜亂的光點噪音損害了生物運動中身體形狀的記憶成績;在畫面數(shù)量固定條件下,橢圓持續(xù)時間的延長促進了生物運動中身體運動的記憶成績,而打亂的橢圓運動序列光點噪音損害了生物運動中身體運動的記憶成績。本研究主要得到以下結論。(1)在生物運動的工作記憶加工過程中,生物運動信息進入工作記憶是以基于身體形狀和基于身體運動共同加工的方式被存儲至工作記憶,并被表征為整合動作;在編碼階段,與身體運動加工相比,個體投入較多的心理資源對身體形狀進行加工;在保持階段,與身體形狀加工相比,個體投入較多的心理資源對身體運動進行加工。(2)知覺者的認知方式影響生物運動的工作記憶加工,場獨立個體生物運動的工作記憶加工更傾向依賴于身體運動信息,而場依存?zhèn)�體生物運動的工作記憶加工更傾向依賴于身體形狀信息。(3)知覺對象的不同特征影響生物運動的工作記憶加工,構成運動序列的光點數(shù)量減少、靜止的雜亂的光點噪音阻礙了生物運動的工作記憶加工中的身體形狀加工;構成運動序列的光點持續(xù)時間的延長促進了生物運動的工作記憶加工中的身體運動加工,而包含身體運動信息的雜亂的光點噪音阻礙了身體運動加工。
[Abstract]:Biological movement refers to the overall movement of human or animal behavior in space. According to the movement, people easily identify the action, intention and emotion. This skill depends on the correct recognition of body shape and body motion cues. A lot of the previous research about the biological movement mainly discusses the processing mechanism of biological motion in visual perception in the process, such as basic biological motion perception processing is based on body shape processing or processing based on common body shape and body movement, body shape and body movement processing isolated neural mechanisms. The effective end processing of biological motion perception requires not only the participation, also needs to be biological motion information in working memory, the for a further cognitive processing, thus completing the social cognition and social communication complex. However, the working memory mechanism of biological movement is still in the exploration stage Some, especially how the role of the body shape information and body motion information in working memory processing of biological motion in biological motion? Which factors influence on working memory in the process? These problems need to be further discussed. This study attempts to explore the effect of body shape information and body movement information in working memory processing of biological motion in, from the perspective of perception and perception and object of the working memory mechanism of biological motion. The discussion on this issue will help to reveal the mechanism of processing of biological motion, is helpful to further reveal the relationship between biological motion perception and working memory. This research mainly launches the research from three aspects. The body shape and body movement information is how information is represented in the biological motion in working memory. During the biological motion perception, body shape and head The brain has obvious activity, which indicates that the motion and shape processing are helpful to biological motion perception. The processing method of visual information visual perception in the process of being able to choose information directly affect working memory encoding, maintain and extraction, then, working memory encoding of biological motion and maintain whether the processing of body based on shape information? How to effect of body shape processing and body motion processing in working memory processing of biological motion in? Two from the field independent - field dependence the perception of individual differences perspective, comparing the two types of individual work in different biological motion information memory capacity, complete the differences in working memory different tasks in biological motion, revealing the working memory mechanism of biological motion. The three is from the perception of objects of different characteristics of point of view, to explore the biological movement and working memory The influence of factors. By investigating the number of spot, spot duration, noise shielding and other factors on the working memory processing of biological motion, further reveal the mechanism of working memory processing of biological motion. Based on perceptual processing of biological motion is processed on the body based on the shape information, or based on the common processing of body shape and body the motion information, is still controversial, and the neural basis of perceptual processing method of two kinds of information are separated, processing visual information visual perception in the process to choose, choose information directly affects the working memory encoding, maintain and extraction. This study assumes that the working memory based processing of biological motion is common the body shape and body motion information based on the information mechanism of body shape and body movement information stored in the working memory in different different cognitive styles in a biological body; The working memory have different motion percepts; different characteristics affect the working memory of biological movement. This research chooses human action, expressed by elliptic motion sequence of body movement, body shape stimuli, behavioral experiment and event-related EEG technology using change detection task paradigm. The above assumptions the system of processing mechanism. The first part mainly discusses the body shape and body movement in biological motion in working memory. On the basis of referring to design experimental materials in previous studies on the biological material movement experiment of this study; in Experiments 1a and 1b, through a single presentation, to stimulate the body's movement and body shape the mixed presentation, studying biological motion in working memory processing, body shape based on the results, in a separate processing of human motion stimulation from motion The body shape information extracted ellipse will get encoding, in the mixed processing human motion and body shape after stimulation with the decrease of body shape memory load increases human action memory performance, and body shape memory performance with memory load and decreases body movement; in Experiment 2, by adding a static / dynamic the interference task in the change detection task, role, effects of body shape and body movement in the working memory representation of biological motion in the results show that the static interference task shape damage processing body shape based on dynamic motion interference task processing based on damage of body movement; in Experiment 3, using event related technology potential, the slow wave (SP) as the index, investigation of human action, the SP components of body movement and body shape induced in the brain activation degree of body shape and body. The processing mechanism, body motion in biological motion in working memory. The results show that in biological motion representation of working memory in the degree of activation of body movement and body shape information of brain differences in the degree of activation of the encoding stage body shape information is higher, while in the activation degree of holding stage body movement information is more high. The second part from the perception of different cognitive style point of view, to explore the effect of body shape and body movement in the working memory processing of biological motion in. By comparing the field independence and field dependence of individual body movements (Experiment 4a), body shape (Experiment 4b), biological motion (Experiment 4C) differences in working memory capacity, as well as in the working memory task of biological motion, differences in working memory task and the body shape of the working memory task in physical exercise (Experiment 5), to further explore the biological movement work The processing mechanism, memory results show that working memory capacity independent individual body movement is higher than field dependent individuals, working memory capacity is lower than the body shape of the field dependent individual; in complete physical exercise working memory task, field independent individual performance better than the field dependence of a body in body shape; the working memory task, field depending on individual performance better than field independent individuals. The third part from the perspective of perceptual objects of different characteristics, discusses the factors that influence the working memory of biological motion. Experiment 6 investigated form an ellipse motion sequence number, experiment 7a studies the gait cycle duration under fixed spot, experiment 7b studies the fixed picture number under the light duration, Experiment 8 study on the effect of noise masking, working memory processing of biological motion shows that elliptical elliptical motion constitutes a reduced number sequence, reduce the number of pictures, The rest of the messy spot noise damage to the body shape of biological motion in memory performance; in the condition of fixed picture quantity, elliptical duration promotes body movement in biological motion memory, and elliptical motion sequence noise damage spot disrupt the body movement in biological motion memory. This study obtained the following conclusion. (1) in biological motion during working memory processing, biological motion information into working memory is based on body shape and body movement based on common processing is stored into the working memory, and is characterized as the integration of action; in the encoding stage, and body movement processing compared to the individual investment more psychological resources processing of body shape; in the stage of maintenance, and body shape processing compared to individual input more psychological resources to carry on the processing of body movement. (2) perceived Cognitive effects of working memory processing of biological motion, working memory processing individual biological motion tend to depend on body motion information, and working memory processing field dependent individual biological motion tend to depend on body shape information. (3) the object of perception is not the same characteristics of the working memory processing of biological motion, a number of the spot motion sequence is reduced, still messy spot noise hindered body shape processing in working memory processing of biological motion in a motion sequence; light duration promotes the body movement processing working memory processing of biological motion in the body, and contains the motion information of messy spot noise hindered the movement of the body processing.

【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：B842.3

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