本文選題：工作記憶 + 生物運(yùn)動(dòng)�。� 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：生物運(yùn)動(dòng)指的是人或動(dòng)物在空間上的整體性移動(dòng)行為。根據(jù)生物運(yùn)動(dòng),人們輕松地就能識(shí)別動(dòng)作、意圖、情緒。這種技能依賴于對(duì)身體形狀和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)線索的正確識(shí)別。以往有關(guān)生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的大量研究主要探討了在視知覺過程中生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的加工機(jī)制,如生物運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺加工的基礎(chǔ)是基于身體形狀加工還是基于身體形狀與身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的共同加工、身體形狀與身體運(yùn)動(dòng)加工分離的神經(jīng)機(jī)制等。有效完成生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的加工不僅需要視知覺的參與,還需要將生物運(yùn)動(dòng)信息存入工作記憶,以進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)知加工,從而完成復(fù)雜的社會(huì)認(rèn)知與社會(huì)交往。然而,生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工機(jī)制尚處于探索階段,尤其是身體形狀信息和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工中的作用如何?生物運(yùn)動(dòng)在工作記憶加工過程中受哪些因素的影響?這些問題有待于進(jìn)一步探討。本研究嘗試探討身體形狀信息與身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工中的作用,并從知覺者和知覺對(duì)象的角度深入探討生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工機(jī)制。對(duì)這一問題的探討將有利于深入揭示生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的加工機(jī)制,有助于深入揭示生物運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺與工作記憶之間的關(guān)系。本研究主要從三方面展開研究。一是身體形狀信息與身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶中是如何表征的。在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺加工期間,負(fù)責(zé)身體形狀加工的腦區(qū)內(nèi)一直有明顯的活動(dòng),這表明運(yùn)動(dòng)和形狀加工都有助于生物運(yùn)動(dòng)知覺。由于視知覺加工過程中視覺信息的加工方式能夠直接影響工作記憶中信息選擇、編碼、保持與提取的方式,那么,生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶編碼與保持是否基于對(duì)身體形狀信息的加工?身體形狀加工和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)加工在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工中的作用如何?二是從場獨(dú)立—場依存這一知覺者個(gè)體差異的角度,比較兩類個(gè)體在不同生物運(yùn)動(dòng)信息的工作記記憶容量、完成不同生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶任務(wù)中的差異,深入揭示生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工機(jī)制。三是從知覺對(duì)象不同特征的角度,探討生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工的影響因素。通過考察光點(diǎn)數(shù)量、光點(diǎn)持續(xù)時(shí)間、噪音遮蔽等因素對(duì)生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工的影響,進(jìn)一步揭示生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工機(jī)制。生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的知覺加工的基礎(chǔ)是基于對(duì)身體形狀信息的加工,還是基于對(duì)身體形狀和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息的共同加工,仍有爭議,且兩種信息的知覺加工方式的神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)是分離的,視知覺加工過程中視覺信息的加工方式能夠直接影響工作記憶中信息選擇、編碼、保持與提取。本研究假設(shè),生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工基礎(chǔ)是基于對(duì)身體形狀和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息的共同加工,身體形狀信息與身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息在工作記憶中存儲(chǔ)的機(jī)制不同;不同認(rèn)知方式個(gè)體生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工存在不同;知覺對(duì)象的不同特征影響生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工。本研究選擇由橢圓運(yùn)動(dòng)序列表達(dá)的人體動(dòng)作、身體運(yùn)動(dòng)、身體形狀的刺激材料,采用行為實(shí)驗(yàn)與事件相關(guān)腦電位技術(shù),變化覺察任務(wù)的范式,就.上述假設(shè)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)探討。第一部分主要探討身體形狀與身體運(yùn)動(dòng)在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶中的加工機(jī)制。在參照以往研究中實(shí)驗(yàn)材料設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)上,制作本研究的生物運(yùn)動(dòng)實(shí)驗(yàn)材料;在實(shí)驗(yàn)1a和實(shí)驗(yàn)1b中,通過對(duì)人體動(dòng)作和身體形狀刺激的單一呈現(xiàn)、混合呈現(xiàn),考察生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶中是否基于身體形狀的加工,結(jié)果顯示,在單獨(dú)加工人體動(dòng)作刺激后從運(yùn)動(dòng)的橢圓中提取的身體形狀信息會(huì)得到編碼,在混合加工人體動(dòng)作與身體形狀刺激后,隨著記憶身體形狀的負(fù)載增大人體動(dòng)作刺激的記憶成績下降,并且身體形狀的記憶成績也隨著記憶人體動(dòng)作負(fù)載增大而下降;在實(shí)驗(yàn)2中,通過在變化覺察任務(wù)中加入一項(xiàng)靜態(tài)/動(dòng)態(tài)干擾任務(wù),考察身體形狀和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶表征中的作用,結(jié)果顯示,基于形狀的靜態(tài)干擾任務(wù)損害了身體形狀的加工,基于運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)干擾任務(wù)損害了身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的加工;在實(shí)驗(yàn)3中,采用事件相關(guān)電位技術(shù),以慢波(SP)為指標(biāo),考察人體動(dòng)作、身體運(yùn)動(dòng)與身體形狀誘發(fā)的SP成分在大腦激活程度,探討身體形狀與身體運(yùn)動(dòng)在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶中的加工機(jī)制,結(jié)果顯示,在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶表征中身體運(yùn)動(dòng)與身體形狀信息對(duì)腦區(qū)的激活程度存在差異,在編碼階段身體形狀信息的激活程度更高,而在保持階段身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息的激活程度更高。第二部分從知覺者不同認(rèn)知方式的角度,探討身體形狀和身體運(yùn)動(dòng)在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工中的作用。通過比較場獨(dú)立—場依存認(rèn)知方式個(gè)體的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)(實(shí)驗(yàn)4a)、身體形狀(實(shí)驗(yàn)4b)、生物運(yùn)動(dòng)(實(shí)驗(yàn)4c)的工作記憶容量差異,以及在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶任務(wù)、身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶任務(wù)和身體形狀的工作記憶任務(wù)中的差異(實(shí)驗(yàn)5),進(jìn)一步探討生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工機(jī)制,結(jié)果顯示,場獨(dú)立個(gè)體身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶容量高于場依存?zhèn)�體,其身體形狀的工作記憶容量低于場依存?zhèn)�體;在完成身體運(yùn)動(dòng)工作記憶任務(wù)時(shí),場獨(dú)立個(gè)體的成績好于場依存?zhèn)�體;在完成身體形狀工作記憶任務(wù)時(shí),場依存?zhèn)�體的成績好于場獨(dú)立個(gè)體。第三部分從知覺對(duì)象不同特征角度,探討生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工的影響因素。實(shí)驗(yàn)6考察構(gòu)成運(yùn)動(dòng)序列的橢圓數(shù)量、實(shí)驗(yàn)7a考察固定步態(tài)周期下光點(diǎn)持續(xù)時(shí)間、實(shí)驗(yàn)7b考察固定畫面數(shù)量下光點(diǎn)持續(xù)時(shí)間、實(shí)驗(yàn)8考察噪音遮蔽對(duì)生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工的影響,結(jié)果顯示,構(gòu)成橢圓運(yùn)動(dòng)序列的橢圓數(shù)量的減少、畫面數(shù)量的減少、靜止的雜亂的光點(diǎn)噪音損害了生物運(yùn)動(dòng)中身體形狀的記憶成績;在畫面數(shù)量固定條件下,橢圓持續(xù)時(shí)間的延長促進(jìn)了生物運(yùn)動(dòng)中身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的記憶成績,而打亂的橢圓運(yùn)動(dòng)序列光點(diǎn)噪音損害了生物運(yùn)動(dòng)中身體運(yùn)動(dòng)的記憶成績。本研究主要得到以下結(jié)論。(1)在生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工過程中,生物運(yùn)動(dòng)信息進(jìn)入工作記憶是以基于身體形狀和基于身體運(yùn)動(dòng)共同加工的方式被存儲(chǔ)至工作記憶,并被表征為整合動(dòng)作;在編碼階段,與身體運(yùn)動(dòng)加工相比,個(gè)體投入較多的心理資源對(duì)身體形狀進(jìn)行加工;在保持階段,與身體形狀加工相比,個(gè)體投入較多的心理資源對(duì)身體運(yùn)動(dòng)進(jìn)行加工。(2)知覺者的認(rèn)知方式影響生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工,場獨(dú)立個(gè)體生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工更傾向依賴于身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息,而場依存?zhèn)�體生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工更傾向依賴于身體形狀信息。(3)知覺對(duì)象的不同特征影響生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工,構(gòu)成運(yùn)動(dòng)序列的光點(diǎn)數(shù)量減少、靜止的雜亂的光點(diǎn)噪音阻礙了生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工中的身體形狀加工;構(gòu)成運(yùn)動(dòng)序列的光點(diǎn)持續(xù)時(shí)間的延長促進(jìn)了生物運(yùn)動(dòng)的工作記憶加工中的身體運(yùn)動(dòng)加工,而包含身體運(yùn)動(dòng)信息的雜亂的光點(diǎn)噪音阻礙了身體運(yùn)動(dòng)加工。
[Abstract]:Biological movement refers to the overall movement of human or animal behavior in space. According to the movement, people easily identify the action, intention and emotion. This skill depends on the correct recognition of body shape and body motion cues. A lot of the previous research about the biological movement mainly discusses the processing mechanism of biological motion in visual perception in the process, such as basic biological motion perception processing is based on body shape processing or processing based on common body shape and body movement, body shape and body movement processing isolated neural mechanisms. The effective end processing of biological motion perception requires not only the participation, also needs to be biological motion information in working memory, the for a further cognitive processing, thus completing the social cognition and social communication complex. However, the working memory mechanism of biological movement is still in the exploration stage Some, especially how the role of the body shape information and body motion information in working memory processing of biological motion in biological motion? Which factors influence on working memory in the process? These problems need to be further discussed. This study attempts to explore the effect of body shape information and body movement information in working memory processing of biological motion in, from the perspective of perception and perception and object of the working memory mechanism of biological motion. The discussion on this issue will help to reveal the mechanism of processing of biological motion, is helpful to further reveal the relationship between biological motion perception and working memory. This research mainly launches the research from three aspects. The body shape and body movement information is how information is represented in the biological motion in working memory. During the biological motion perception, body shape and head The brain has obvious activity, which indicates that the motion and shape processing are helpful to biological motion perception. The processing method of visual information visual perception in the process of being able to choose information directly affect working memory encoding, maintain and extraction, then, working memory encoding of biological motion and maintain whether the processing of body based on shape information? How to effect of body shape processing and body motion processing in working memory processing of biological motion in? Two from the field independent - field dependence the perception of individual differences perspective, comparing the two types of individual work in different biological motion information memory capacity, complete the differences in working memory different tasks in biological motion, revealing the working memory mechanism of biological motion. The three is from the perception of objects of different characteristics of point of view, to explore the biological movement and working memory The influence of factors. By investigating the number of spot, spot duration, noise shielding and other factors on the working memory processing of biological motion, further reveal the mechanism of working memory processing of biological motion. Based on perceptual processing of biological motion is processed on the body based on the shape information, or based on the common processing of body shape and body the motion information, is still controversial, and the neural basis of perceptual processing method of two kinds of information are separated, processing visual information visual perception in the process to choose, choose information directly affects the working memory encoding, maintain and extraction. This study assumes that the working memory based processing of biological motion is common the body shape and body motion information based on the information mechanism of body shape and body movement information stored in the working memory in different different cognitive styles in a biological body; The working memory have different motion percepts; different characteristics affect the working memory of biological movement. This research chooses human action, expressed by elliptic motion sequence of body movement, body shape stimuli, behavioral experiment and event-related EEG technology using change detection task paradigm. The above assumptions the system of processing mechanism. The first part mainly discusses the body shape and body movement in biological motion in working memory. On the basis of referring to design experimental materials in previous studies on the biological material movement experiment of this study; in Experiments 1a and 1b, through a single presentation, to stimulate the body's movement and body shape the mixed presentation, studying biological motion in working memory processing, body shape based on the results, in a separate processing of human motion stimulation from motion The body shape information extracted ellipse will get encoding, in the mixed processing human motion and body shape after stimulation with the decrease of body shape memory load increases human action memory performance, and body shape memory performance with memory load and decreases body movement; in Experiment 2, by adding a static / dynamic the interference task in the change detection task, role, effects of body shape and body movement in the working memory representation of biological motion in the results show that the static interference task shape damage processing body shape based on dynamic motion interference task processing based on damage of body movement; in Experiment 3, using event related technology potential, the slow wave (SP) as the index, investigation of human action, the SP components of body movement and body shape induced in the brain activation degree of body shape and body. The processing mechanism, body motion in biological motion in working memory. The results show that in biological motion representation of working memory in the degree of activation of body movement and body shape information of brain differences in the degree of activation of the encoding stage body shape information is higher, while in the activation degree of holding stage body movement information is more high. The second part from the perception of different cognitive style point of view, to explore the effect of body shape and body movement in the working memory processing of biological motion in. By comparing the field independence and field dependence of individual body movements (Experiment 4a), body shape (Experiment 4b), biological motion (Experiment 4C) differences in working memory capacity, as well as in the working memory task of biological motion, differences in working memory task and the body shape of the working memory task in physical exercise (Experiment 5), to further explore the biological movement work The processing mechanism, memory results show that working memory capacity independent individual body movement is higher than field dependent individuals, working memory capacity is lower than the body shape of the field dependent individual; in complete physical exercise working memory task, field independent individual performance better than the field dependence of a body in body shape; the working memory task, field depending on individual performance better than field independent individuals. The third part from the perspective of perceptual objects of different characteristics, discusses the factors that influence the working memory of biological motion. Experiment 6 investigated form an ellipse motion sequence number, experiment 7a studies the gait cycle duration under fixed spot, experiment 7b studies the fixed picture number under the light duration, Experiment 8 study on the effect of noise masking, working memory processing of biological motion shows that elliptical elliptical motion constitutes a reduced number sequence, reduce the number of pictures, The rest of the messy spot noise damage to the body shape of biological motion in memory performance; in the condition of fixed picture quantity, elliptical duration promotes body movement in biological motion memory, and elliptical motion sequence noise damage spot disrupt the body movement in biological motion memory. This study obtained the following conclusion. (1) in biological motion during working memory processing, biological motion information into working memory is based on body shape and body movement based on common processing is stored into the working memory, and is characterized as the integration of action; in the encoding stage, and body movement processing compared to the individual investment more psychological resources processing of body shape; in the stage of maintenance, and body shape processing compared to individual input more psychological resources to carry on the processing of body movement. (2) perceived Cognitive effects of working memory processing of biological motion, working memory processing individual biological motion tend to depend on body motion information, and working memory processing field dependent individual biological motion tend to depend on body shape information. (3) the object of perception is not the same characteristics of the working memory processing of biological motion, a number of the spot motion sequence is reduced, still messy spot noise hindered body shape processing in working memory processing of biological motion in a motion sequence; light duration promotes the body movement processing working memory processing of biological motion in the body, and contains the motion information of messy spot noise hindered the movement of the body processing.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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