本文選題：詩(shī)經(jīng)　切入點(diǎn)：跨階層傳播　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：《詩(shī)經(jīng)》是中國(guó)古代第一部詩(shī)歌總集,其中包含了大量來(lái)自民間的篇章。本文的從文體和觀念兩個(gè)方面,來(lái)研究《詩(shī)》自下而上的跨階層傳播。首先,“詩(shī)”作為一種來(lái)自民間的文體,最初是通過(guò)何種方式被貴族階層所接受?《詩(shī)》的文體地位又是如何一步步被提高,最終成使《詩(shī)》為貴族文化的一個(gè)標(biāo)志?另一方面,詩(shī)篇內(nèi)來(lái)自下層的思想觀念,諸如愛(ài)情觀、博物觀之類(lèi),又是如何對(duì)上層的心理和知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生影響,最終導(dǎo)致了那些后果?這是筆者主要探討的問(wèn)題。民間的詩(shī)最初是在娛樂(lè)場(chǎng)合被貴族接受的,在《儀禮》的《鄉(xiāng)飲酒禮》、《燕禮》、《鄉(xiāng)射禮》和《大射儀》四篇中,呈現(xiàn)了大量樂(lè)工歌《詩(shī)》的場(chǎng)景,貴族們?cè)趭蕵?lè)性的燕禮和射禮中受到民間詩(shī)樂(lè)的熏陶,這些詩(shī)篇逐漸為貴族們所熟悉,并成為表達(dá)個(gè)人情感和意見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)言工具,春秋時(shí)期的賦詩(shī)言志,就是在這種情況下產(chǎn)生和流行開(kāi)來(lái)的。在春秋時(shí)期的內(nèi)政和外交場(chǎng)合,《詩(shī)》的重要性與日俱增,甚至成為貴族教育的課本。與此同時(shí),隨著《詩(shī)》向上層傳播,來(lái)自民間的套語(yǔ)也開(kāi)始被貴族階層吸收,并大量運(yùn)用到貴族自身的詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)作中,在此過(guò)程中,一些套語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義也發(fā)生了的變化�！对�(shī)經(jīng)》某些西周末期的詩(shī)篇中出現(xiàn)了作者的署名,署名的意義在于,作者想借詩(shī)篇的創(chuàng)作把自已的名字流傳下去,用周代貴族自已的話說(shuō),就是求“立言”以致“不朽”。在這些署名詩(shī)中,最具有代表性的是《小雅·巷伯》,它出自一個(gè)宦官之手,但是卻顯示出某些類(lèi)似于《尚書(shū)》中的誥訓(xùn)命誓等高等文體的特征,這也是《詩(shī)》文體地位上升的一個(gè)表現(xiàn)�！对�(shī)經(jīng)》中存在大量的民間愛(ài)情詩(shī)。其中奔放的愛(ài)情觀傳播到上層,也會(huì)影響到貴族們對(duì)性愛(ài)的看法。春秋時(shí)期,因?yàn)閻?ài)情的不節(jié)制而釀成的政治災(zāi)禍比比皆是,因此孔子提出“放鄭聲”,從樂(lè)曲中刪除那些過(guò)于熱烈的愛(ài)情詩(shī)篇,同時(shí)在孔門(mén)內(nèi)部把一些愛(ài)情詩(shī)改造為闡發(fā)美德的語(yǔ)言工具�！对�(shī)經(jīng)》大量運(yùn)用了自然物起興的修辭手法,這展現(xiàn)了中國(guó)古代博物學(xué)的原發(fā)形態(tài)——一種平民性的自然知識(shí)。而春秋時(shí)期的貴族對(duì)此種博物學(xué)知識(shí)是較為排斥的。直到孔子提出《詩(shī)》有“多識(shí)于草木鳥(niǎo)獸之名”的功用,博物之學(xué)才依附于《詩(shī)》學(xué),逐漸成為一種具有合法性的學(xué)問(wèn)。到戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期,博物學(xué)知識(shí)在政治領(lǐng)域的重要性日益凸顯,成為儒家構(gòu)建天人秩序的重要資源。而儒家內(nèi)部也出現(xiàn)了《爾雅》一書(shū),其中有大量篇幅是訓(xùn)釋自然物的,這標(biāo)志著博物學(xué)成為儒者知識(shí)框架中一個(gè)不可缺少的部分。
[Abstract]:The Book of songs is the first collection of poetry in ancient China, which contains a large number of chapters from the people.This paper studies the cross-class communication of Poems from two aspects of style and concept.First of all, as a folk style, "poem" was accepted by the aristocratic class in what way at first? how did the stylistic status of "poem" be improved step by step, and finally become a symbol of aristocratic culture?On the other hand, how did the ideas from the lower levels, such as love, view of history, and so on, affect the psychological and intellectual structure of the upper class and ultimately lead to those consequences?This is the main problem discussed by the author.Folk poetry was initially accepted by the nobility in entertainment. In the four parts of "the ritual of drinking in the country", "the ritual of Yan Li", "the Rites of the Countryside" and "the Great shooting instrument", a large number of musical works and songs were presented in the scenes of "Poems".The aristocrats were influenced by folk poetry and music in the entertaining Yan Li and the shooting ceremony. These poems were gradually familiar to the aristocrats and became language tools for expressing their personal feelings and opinions.It was in this context that it came into being and became popular.During the Spring and Autumn period, poetry became more and more important in domestic and foreign affairs, and even became a textbook for aristocratic education.At the same time, with the spread of poetry to the upper class, the folk expressions began to be absorbed by the aristocratic class, and used in a large number of aristocratic poetry creation, in this process,The semantics of some cliches have also changed. In some of the poems of the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the author's signature appeared. The meaning of the signature is that the author wants to pass on his name through the creation of the poem, in the words of the aristocrats of the Zhou Dynasty.Is to "stand up" so that "immortal".Of all these signed poems, the most representative is Xiao Ya-xiang Bo, which is written by an eunuch, but shows certain features of higher forms of writing, such as the Suo Shue and the affidavit in the Book of Shang.This is also a manifestation of the rising stylistic status of the Book of songs, which contains a large number of folk love poems.One of the unrestrained views of love spread to the upper class, but also affect the aristocrats on the view of sex.During the Spring and Autumn period, political calamities caused by the uncontrolled nature of love were everywhere. Therefore, Confucius proposed "setting up Zheng's voice" and deleting from the music those love poems that were too enthusiastic.At the same time, some love poems were transformed into language tools to elucidate virtue. The Book of songs used a large number of rhetorical devices of the rise of natural objects, which showed the original form of Chinese ancient history-a kind of natural knowledge of common people.And the aristocrats of the Spring and Autumn period to this kind of historical knowledge is more exclusive.Until Confucius put forward the function of "knowing the name of plants, trees, birds and animals", the study of history became a kind of legitimate knowledge.During the warring States period, the importance of historical knowledge in the political field became increasingly prominent and became an important resource for Confucianism to construct the order of Heaven and Man.However, there is also a book called "Erya" in Confucianism, in which a great deal of space is devoted to the explanation of natural objects, which indicates that the study of natural history has become an indispensable part of the framework of Confucian knowledge.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：I207.22;N91

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