本文選題：華茲華斯　切入點：湖區(qū)　出處：《武漢大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：作為“湖畔派”代表詩人,威廉·華茲華斯(William Wordsworth)以地方生活、地方書寫作為其個人標(biāo)簽。他一生長居家鄉(xiāng)湖區(qū),以“北方村民”自居,最具影響力的詩篇皆因湖煙水光而起,為山色嵐氣而作。他描繪了一幅幅湖區(qū)山川湖泊和鄉(xiāng)村生活的圖畫,所歌詠或涉及到的景觀具有地形學(xué)的真實。他將情感和想象注入現(xiàn)實中,使湖區(qū)許多具體地點或場所不僅成為引人神往的美麗風(fēng)景,而且成為深邃的視覺意象。最重要的,他發(fā)現(xiàn)湖區(qū)的地方精神和地方特質(zhì),并在詩文中精確地再現(xiàn)出來。湖區(qū)是英格蘭西北部一個傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)牧區(qū),所包含區(qū)域跨越了英格蘭幾個古老的郡縣：坎伯蘭郡、威斯特摩蘭郡、北蘭開夏郡。這些郡縣雖然在自然要素和人文因素中有明顯的相似性和連續(xù)性,但最初并沒有形成一個整體的地理概念。從18世紀(jì)開始,隨著如畫美學(xué)和英國民族主義興起,它們逐漸成為文化精英關(guān)注的中心,并最終被建構(gòu)為一個整體形象“湖區(qū)”。用文化地理學(xué)、風(fēng)景學(xué)的理論觀照,湖區(qū)是一個典型的“空間/地方/風(fēng)景”復(fù)合體：既是一個被當(dāng)?shù)厝藢嵺`和活動的具體地方,又是一片風(fēng)景,還是各種權(quán)力話語交鋒的空間。華茲華斯對這個復(fù)合體的書寫也具有三個向度。首先,是對風(fēng)景的客觀呈現(xiàn)。華茲華斯詩文中,有大量關(guān)于湖區(qū)自然景觀和鄉(xiāng)村生活的現(xiàn)實主義細(xì)節(jié),它們匯集起來,堪稱一副湖區(qū)文字風(fēng)景圖。本章在大量文本梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,對這些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行考察。地理上,以華茲華斯生平活動密集的幾個區(qū)域——科克茅斯、霍克斯海德、格拉斯米爾與賴德爾——為中心：內(nèi)容上,基于湖區(qū)地貌的總體特征,選取構(gòu)成湖區(qū)風(fēng)景的四大元素“水、石、木、建筑”為考察對象,從中勾勒出對華茲華斯筆下湖區(qū)的風(fēng)景概貌。其次,是對地方的情感投射和想象升華。主要體現(xiàn)在三方面：其一,對自然的美學(xué)加工。受到如畫美學(xué)的影響,華茲華斯觀察、欣賞、再現(xiàn)自然的過程中,使用了如畫審美原則及多種繪畫技巧。他筆下的湖區(qū)風(fēng)景是一種田園與荒野混融的狀態(tài),呈現(xiàn)出介于優(yōu)美與壯美之間的如畫美。其二,對人物的精神提升。華茲華斯有著很強(qiáng)的社群意識,對故鄉(xiāng)鄉(xiāng)鄰懷有深深的感佩與摯愛,故而把樸素、勤勞、謙卑、善良等一系列美德理想化地賦予到湖區(qū)居民身上。其三,對鄉(xiāng)村生活的詩意萃取。時間觀念方面,華茲華斯使用與城市機(jī)械時間截然不同的自然時間,如季節(jié)、農(nóng)時、節(jié)慶等；鄉(xiāng)間勞作方面,華茲華斯不否認(rèn)其艱辛勞苦,卻仍然賦予其詩意；人際關(guān)系方面,華茲華斯始終強(qiáng)調(diào)鄉(xiāng)村是一個以地緣與血緣關(guān)系為基礎(chǔ)的穩(wěn)固社群。最后,是對空間的價值賦予。作為文化精英的一份子,華茲華斯參與到18、19世紀(jì)湖區(qū)賦值的浪潮中,并發(fā)出自己的強(qiáng)力聲音。文化層面,經(jīng)他的再現(xiàn)和想象,湖區(qū)呈現(xiàn)出英國傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村的某些特質(zhì),與工業(yè)革命中的城市和農(nóng)業(yè)革命后的其他鄉(xiāng)村形成強(qiáng)烈對照,成為英國鄉(xiāng)村的標(biāo)桿、鄉(xiāng)土精神的代表。美學(xué)層面,他在湖區(qū)書寫中挖掘地方特性,宣揚地方驕傲,強(qiáng)調(diào)個體體驗,傳達(dá)出獨特性、差異性、多樣性、個體性等浪漫主義精神,從而使湖區(qū)與“東方”一樣成為英國浪漫主義的典型意象。政治層面,他歌詠湖區(qū)山水的話語中飽含民族情感,而他對湖區(qū)的理想化書寫匯入19世紀(jì)不列顛民族認(rèn)同建構(gòu)中,使湖區(qū)成為英國的窗口、民族的象征。經(jīng)由現(xiàn)實、想象和象征三個向度的書寫,華茲華斯完成了對湖區(qū)的浪漫化過程,并在這里打上自己的標(biāo)簽。湖區(qū)被很多人描繪、想象和賦值過,但華茲華斯將人們對這個地方的集體言說轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橐粋�“個人神話”。因為他,湖區(qū)被定位為一個詩性空間,其地貌也部分地發(fā)生變化。最終,它還被稱為“華茲華斯郡”。華茲華斯的影響力如此之大,以至于反過來又成為一種新的集體記憶,影響了后世觀看、書寫湖區(qū)的方式。華茲華斯與湖區(qū)的關(guān)系已經(jīng)成為一種母題,對其他詩人與地方、文學(xué)與地理研究有很好的參照意義。
[Abstract]:As a "lake school" on behalf of the poet, William Wordsworth (William Wordsworth) to the local life, local writing as its individual labels. His life in hometown lake, the northern village itself, the most influential of the lake water and light poem because, for the mountains. He painted a LAN gas picture area lakes and mountains and rural life picture, singing or involving the landscape with real topography. He will be feeling and imagination into reality, so many lakes specific locations or place not only become attractive fascinated the beautiful scenery, but also become a visual image deep. Most importantly, he found the place spirit and local area in the poems and characteristics accurately reproduce. Northwest England lake is a traditional agricultural and pastoral areas, including areas across England in several ancient counties: Cumberland, Westmore Lan county, North Lancashire. Although these counties in the natural factors and human factors in the similarity and continuity of the obvious, but initially did not form a whole geographic concept. From the beginning of eighteenth Century, with the picturesque and British nationalism, they gradually become the focus of the elite, and eventually the construction is a whole image of the "Lake District". With the theory of cultural geography, landscape science, the lake is a typical "space / place / scenery" complex is a kind of specific local people and practice activities, is also a piece of scenery, or a variety of power discourse space. Wordsworth writing the complex also has three dimensions. First of all, is an objective presentation of the landscape. In the poems of Wordsworth, a large number of realistic details about lake natural landscape and rural life, they set up exchange, Is a lake scenery map. This text chapter based on a large amount of text on the comb, the details were investigated. Geographically, in several areas of Wordsworth's life activities are concentrated -- Cockermouth, Hawkes Hyde, and Rider, Grasmere as the center: the content, the overall characteristics of lake landscape based on the selection of a lake landscape four the elements of "water, stone, wood, building" as the study object, draw the outline of Wordsworth's Lake scenery picture from it. Secondly, is the sublimation of local emotions and imagination. Mainly embodied in three aspects: first, the processing of natural aesthetics. Affected by the picturesque Wordsworth observation. Enjoy the natural reproduction process, the use of the picturesque aesthetic principles and various painting techniques. The lake landscape is a wilderness pastoral and mixed state, showing between beautiful and strong Picturesque beauty between them. Second, to enhance the spirit of character. Wordsworth has a strong sense of community, with admiration and love deeply to the hometown neighbors, so the simple, hardworking, humble, kind of a series of virtues idealized given to the lake dwellers. Third, poetic extraction of village life the concept of time. Wordsworth, natural time, and use different time city machinery such as seasonal, farming, festivals and other aspects; the country work, Wordsworth does not deny the hardship, but still give its poetry; interpersonal relationships, Wordsworth has always stressed that the country is a geographical and kinship solid community based. Finally it is of value to the space,. As a member of the cultural elite, Wordsworth to participate in the 18,19 century Lake assignment tide, and make their powerful sound. The cultural level, the His reappearance and imagination, showing some characteristics of the traditional rural area in the UK, the formation of strong contrast with the industrial revolution in the city and the agricultural revolution after the other country, the country became a British representative benchmark, local spirit. His aesthetic level, mining characteristics in the region of writing, promote local pride, emphasizing the individual experience, convey the unique characteristics, diversity, diversity, individuality and romantic spirit, so that the lake and the "Oriental" has become the typical image of British Romanticism. The political level, full of national emotion he singing in the discourse of lake landscape, and he idealized writing on the lake into the nineteenth Century British national identity construction. The lake became a British window, a symbol of the nation. Through reality, imagination and a symbol of the three dimensions of writing, Wordsworth completed the romantic process on the Lake District, and here on self Has the label. Lake by many people describe, imagine and assignment, but Wordsworth will change people's collective discourse about the place as a "personal myth". Because of him, the lake is positioned as a poetic space, the landscape also partially changed. Finally, it is also called the "Wordsworth county" Wordsworth's influence so great that in turn has become a new kind of collective memory, influenced later viewing, writing lake. The relationship between Wordsworth and the lake has become a motif for other poets and local, have very good reference significance of literature and geography research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I561.06
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本文編號：1631338