本文關(guān)鍵詞： 近代 騰沖 內(nèi)陸邊疆縣 變遷　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：近代在中國歷史上是一個(gè)變動非常劇烈的時(shí)期,學(xué)界有關(guān)近代中國變遷的成果已屬不少,但研究存在著嚴(yán)重的區(qū)域不平衡性�？傮w來說,研究華北、江南、長江流域近代變遷的成果比較多,而關(guān)于內(nèi)陸邊疆地區(qū)的成果比較少。騰沖作為一個(gè)內(nèi)陸邊疆縣,其近代變遷很有特點(diǎn),對騰沖近代變遷的研究可以豐富近代中國變遷的研究。政治方面,近代是騰沖政治多變的一個(gè)時(shí)期。首先在近代騰沖逐漸成為滇西的行政中心,騰沖滇西行政中心的形成與1902年騰沖被增開為云南的第三個(gè)通商口岸有非常密切的聯(lián)系,騰沖滇西行政中心的形成對騰沖地方社會的變遷有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。其次近代騰沖的行政區(qū)劃也經(jīng)歷了很大的調(diào)整。近代騰沖的行政區(qū)劃經(jīng)歷了較大的變動,最終它成為一個(gè)規(guī)范的縣級建制單位。騰沖行政區(qū)劃的調(diào)整除了與地方政治發(fā)展的需要有關(guān),還與中緬邊界的勘劃有緊密聯(lián)系。再次近代騰沖進(jìn)行了資產(chǎn)階級民主革命的嘗試。在近代云南,騰沖是資產(chǎn)階級革命派較早進(jìn)行活動的地區(qū),最終這一地區(qū)在云南首先取得了民主革命的勝利,并建立了革命政權(quán),這對推動騰沖乃至云南地方政治的發(fā)展產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。最后騰沖還進(jìn)行了政治民主化的嘗試。雖然騰沖在近代資產(chǎn)階級民主革命方面走在了云南的前面,但其后在騰沖在政治民主化方面的進(jìn)展則比較緩慢。經(jīng)濟(jì)方面,騰沖的各經(jīng)濟(jì)門類經(jīng)歷了快慢不一的發(fā)展。在傳統(tǒng)中國社會,農(nóng)業(yè)是根本,但就騰沖地方而言,近代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展總體來說是非常緩慢的。騰沖的工業(yè)與中國其他地方一樣,起步比較晚,而且不成規(guī)模,其發(fā)展主要集中在輕工業(yè)方面。在各經(jīng)濟(jì)門類中,騰沖的商業(yè)發(fā)展是最快的。在近代中國的國門被打開之前,騰沖一直是滇西對外貿(mào)易的中心,騰沖增開為通商口岸后,騰沖的商業(yè)得到更加快速的發(fā)展。在新式交通方面,近代騰沖曾先后嘗試過鐵路、公路、航空的建設(shè),但總體成效不大。社會方面,近代騰沖在某些方面經(jīng)歷了較大的變動。在社會習(xí)俗觀念方面,進(jìn)入近代特別是民國后,騰沖民間的很多習(xí)俗觀念被歸入陋習(xí)行列,政府和民間對這些習(xí)俗觀念進(jìn)行了改造,取得了一定的成績。在社會生活方面。由于騰沖地處邊疆,與外部世界的交往較為密切,因之近代騰沖的社會生活中也出現(xiàn)了很多新事物,如西式建筑、外國商品、外來語言等。在社會服務(wù)方面。近代騰沖在西醫(yī)、通訊、銀行等方面均有不同程度的發(fā)展。在民眾國家意識方面。在近代騰沖的社會變遷中,隨著時(shí)代的變化,在國家和民眾危機(jī)中,騰沖的普通民眾在家園意識基礎(chǔ)之上逐漸有了國家意識,這種意識在抗日戰(zhàn)爭時(shí)期得到完全的升華。文化教育方面,近代騰沖取得了比較大的成績。隨著近代騰沖與外部世界交往的頻密,在西方世界和內(nèi)地一些城市中扮演著重要角色的現(xiàn)代社團(tuán)也開始在騰沖出現(xiàn),在近代騰沖出現(xiàn)的諸多新式社團(tuán)中,比較有影響的是和順崇新會,和順崇新會在推動騰沖社會的發(fā)展方面做出了突出貢獻(xiàn)。圖書作為傳播文化知識的載體,近代騰沖的有識之士很早就意識到它的重要性,近代騰沖出現(xiàn)了包括和順圖書館在內(nèi)的多個(gè)有影響的圖書館,這些圖書館有力地推進(jìn)動了騰沖地方文化事業(yè)的發(fā)展。另近代騰沖的各類機(jī)構(gòu)團(tuán)體為宣傳它們的主張,創(chuàng)辦了一些比較有影響的報(bào)刊雜志,代表性的有《和順鄉(xiāng)》和《騰越日報(bào)》等。在近代之前,騰沖作為一個(gè)內(nèi)陸邊疆地區(qū),其教育起步較早。進(jìn)入近代后,由于各界重視,近代騰沖建立了比較完整的教育體系。在近代騰沖的變遷過程中,有些方面發(fā)展比較快,如商業(yè)和文化方面,有些方面則發(fā)展緩慢,如農(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)方面。但不論是快還是慢,商人、華僑、鄉(xiāng)賢三個(gè)群體均在其中扮演著重要角色,同時(shí)邊疆、民族和戰(zhàn)爭三種因素也對騰沖的近代變遷有深遠(yuǎn)影響。
[Abstract]:In the history of modern Chinese is a period of change dramatically, scholars of modern Chinese change is a lot of research results, but there is a serious regional imbalance. In general, the study of the North China, Jiangnan, modern change in the Yangtze River Basin results more close to the inland border area is little achievement Tengchong as an inland frontier County, the modern changes are characteristic of research on modern transformation of Tengchong can enrich modern Chinese changes. The political aspect, modern Tengchong is a period of political changing. First in modern Tengchong has gradually become the administrative center of Tengchong, the administrative center of Tengchong was formed in 1902 to open third ports in Yunnan have very close contact, have a profound impact on changes in the formation of Tengchong local society in Tengchong. The administrative center of the second Tengchong modern administration Division also experienced a big adjustment. The administrative division of modern Tengchong has undergone great changes, eventually it became a standard level units in Tengchong. The adjustment of administrative divisions in addition to the development and local politics, and also of Burma assigned are closely linked. The attempt of the bourgeois democratic revolution again time in modern Tengchong. In modern Yunnan, Tengchong is the earlier bourgeois revolutionary activities in the region, eventually this region first achieved the victory of the democratic revolution in Yunnan, and the establishment of the revolutionary regime, it had a great influence on promoting the development of Tengchong and Yunnan local politics. Finally, Tengchong also attempted political democracy the Tengchong. Although in the modern bourgeois democratic revolution in front of Yunnan, but in Tengchong in terms of political democratization progress is relatively slow economic. Tengchong, the economic category has experienced a fast development. In the traditional Chinese society, agriculture is fundamental, but in Tengchong, the overall development of modern agriculture is very slow. The industry of Tengchong and other places Chinese, started relatively late, but not on a large scale, its development mainly concentrated in light industry. In the economic category, the commercial development of Tengchong is the fastest. In modern Chinese before the door is opened, Tengchong has been in the foreign trade center, Tengchong opened as a trading port, Tengchong business more quickly. In the development of new transportation, modern Tengchong has tried railway, highway, aviation and construction, but the overall effect is not significant. In modern society, Tengchong has undergone great changes in some aspects. In the social custom, especially in the Republic of China in modern times, Tengchong folk A lot of custom habits were included in the ranks, the government and the transformation of these folk custom, and achieved certain results. In the aspect of social life. Because Tengchong is located in the border area, close contacts with the outside world, because of the modern social life of Tengchong also appeared a lot of new things, such as western style building, foreign the goods, foreign language. In terms of social services in modern Tengchong. In western medicine, communications, banking and other aspects of development in varying degrees. The people in the national consciousness. In the society of modern Tengchong, along with the time change, in the national and public crisis, Tengchong ordinary people gradually have on national consciousness home consciousness foundation, this consciousness fully sublimation during the Anti Japanese war. Culture and education, modern Tengchong has achieved great achievement. With the development of modern Tengchong and the outside world communication frequency Dense, in the western world and the mainland some city plays an important role in modern societies also began to appear in Tengchong, in many modern societies in modern Tengchong in the more influential and is Chong Chong Xinhui Xinhui, and made outstanding contributions in promoting the development of Tengchong society. The book as a carrier of culture knowledge in modern Tengchong, a person with breadth of vision have been aware of the importance of it in modern Tengchong, the emergence of a number of influential libraries including Heshun library, the library, effectively promote the development of the Tengchong local cultural undertakings. Other modern Tengchong various organizations to publicize their ideas, set up some of the more influential newspapers and magazines, representative of the Heshun Township < > and < >. Daily vault before modern times, Tengchong as an inland border area, the education started earlier in. After the generation, because of the attention from all walks of life in Tengchong, established a relatively complete education system. In the evolution of modern Tengchong, some aspects of the development of faster, such as commercial and cultural aspects, some aspects such as the slow development of agriculture and industry. But whether it is fast or slow, businessmen, overseas Chinese, Xian three groups both play important roles in the frontier, at the same time, has a far-reaching influence and national war three factors on Tengchong modern change.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K29
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本文編號：1539249