本文關(guān)鍵詞： 周秦漢 文士 疏離 主體性 疏離文學(xué)　出處：《上海大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：文士疏離現(xiàn)象指春秋戰(zhàn)國以來新興士階層疏離“仕”本位意識,追尋自我主體性的一種文化現(xiàn)象,包括疏離行為和疏離精神。由王權(quán)或皇權(quán)的支配性所引發(fā)的“仕”本位意識是當(dāng)時的主流文化價值觀之一�！笆恕北疚灰庾R把是否為官、是否被統(tǒng)治者重用當(dāng)成一種核心社會價值尺度去衡量個人的社會地位和價值。文士疏離行為指文士規(guī)避顯性功利(即入仕的利益)的行為;文士疏離精神指具有超越精神之士人的意識形態(tài),是文士生命主體對此在世界主流觀念、顯性功利的規(guī)避與超越。文士疏離行為的內(nèi)驅(qū)力是文士疏離精神;而文士疏離精神的核心內(nèi)涵是文士的主體性需求。古代隱逸文化是文人疏離文化現(xiàn)象的一部分。本文分成上篇、下篇和結(jié)語。上篇主要是對疏離現(xiàn)象的演變過程作縱向的歷時性研究,分三章重點描述三個階段的特點:第一階段是春秋戰(zhàn)國時期。其階段性特征是新興士階層(主體是文士)主體性形成、高揚。第二階段是秦至漢武帝時期。在這一階段,儒生(文人大致即儒生)的主體性實現(xiàn)途徑阻塞,其階段性特征是文士進行多元化價值觀念和疏離方式的探索。第三階段是漢武帝之后的時期。隨著土地私有制初步建立、專制制度成熟,其階段性特征是疏離文人生活方式與土地私有制的發(fā)展密切相關(guān),儒生(文人)追尋主體性的實現(xiàn)途徑。在中央集權(quán)專制政制萌芽及發(fā)展起來之后,文人主體性的實現(xiàn)途徑逐漸失落。歷代文人一直尋求擁有主體性的生活方式。體現(xiàn)文人主體性的文人田園生活方式的四個構(gòu)成因素,即疏離文人生活方式的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)、疏離文人的心態(tài)調(diào)適策略、社會價值實現(xiàn)方式和交友休閑方式,至唐以前已全部產(chǎn)生,文人田園生活方式形成,并成為其主體性復(fù)歸的路徑。上篇還闡述了疏離文人生活方式的本質(zhì)特征是疏離“仕”本位意識的重要觀點,以說明建立疏離理論、構(gòu)成貫通古今的疏離文人生活方式體系的可能性。在下篇,本文專門研究文士疏離現(xiàn)象在周秦漢時期的文學(xué)表現(xiàn)。周秦漢文士疏離現(xiàn)象文學(xué)表現(xiàn)的流變,與文士疏離現(xiàn)象演變過程一致,是文士疏離現(xiàn)象的組成部分。在下篇的開頭,“周秦漢文士疏離文學(xué)”被界定為一種文學(xué)品類和文學(xué)潮流,它是具有疏離精神的文學(xué)的省稱,是由有較強主體性的文士共同創(chuàng)造出的一種特殊的大文學(xué),這些文學(xué)作品涉及詩歌、辭賦、史學(xué)著作、諸子散文等文體。疏離文學(xué)包含隱逸文學(xué)。至今尚未有人把“疏離文學(xué)”作為一種范疇文學(xué)加以系統(tǒng)研究。接著,從第五章到第九章,本文著重研究春秋戰(zhàn)國秦漢時期文士疏離文學(xué)。結(jié)語部分對周秦漢文士疏離現(xiàn)象做出整體性總結(jié),并指出文士疏離現(xiàn)象對中國文人文學(xué)傳統(tǒng)的三個主要影響:一是在價值取向方面,強化了文人文學(xué)的“體道性”特征;二是在表現(xiàn)方式方面,強化了文人文學(xué)抒情性的含蓄特征;三是在題材方面,強化了文人文學(xué)以“自然”為背景和參照系的特征。本文的主要學(xué)術(shù)意圖是:一、從源頭出發(fā)研究周秦漢文士疏離現(xiàn)象,突顯在文士疏離現(xiàn)象中文人疏離“仕”本位意識、追尋知識階層主體性的共性;二、區(qū)分一般疏離主體與春秋戰(zhàn)國之際以后的文士(人)疏離主體,明確指出后來的中國傳統(tǒng)隱逸文化其實是具有文人主體性的文人疏離文化;三、描述文人主體性追求的指導(dǎo)思想即文人隱逸思想成熟于東晉以降的整個過程,并考察文人主體性需求對唐前文人生活方式各構(gòu)成因素發(fā)展的指引作用,力求解決文人山水(田園)文學(xué)的起源問題。
[Abstract]:The phenomenon of alienation refers to the spring and Autumn Period emerging scholar class alienation "official" consciousness, pursue a kind of cultural phenomenon of self subjectivity, including alienation behavior and alienation spirit. By royalty or imperial domination caused by the "official" consciousness is one of the mainstream view of the cultural values of "official" consciousness. Is the official, is governed as a core reuse social value scale to measure a person's social status and value. The alienation behavior refers to the scribes to avoid explicit utility (i.e. official interest) behavior; the scribes alienation is beyond the spirit of the Literati Spirit refers to the ideology, is the subject of this scribe in the world of ideas and the mainstream. Avoid explicit utility and beyond. The scribes disengaged behavior the driving force is the core connotation and spirit of alienation of the scribes; the scribes spirit is the main demand of alienation. Ancient scribes hidden Yi Wen Is a part of the literati culture alienation phenomenon. This paper is divided into the first, the next and the conclusion. The first part mainly is the evolution of the alienation phenomenon as a diachronic study longitudinal, divided into three chapters mainly describe the characteristics of three stages: the first stage is the spring and Autumn period. Its stage characteristics is the emerging scholar class (the subject is the scribes the formation of subjectivity, high). The second stage is the period of Emperor Qin period. In this period, scholars (i.e. Confucian literati roughly) the main way to achieve congestion, the phase characteristics is to explore diversified values and the alienation of the way. The third stage is the Han Dynasty period. Along with the private ownership of land preliminary the establishment of the autocratic system, mature stage characteristics is closely related to the development of alienation literati lifestyle and land ownership, scholars pursuing ways (literati) subjectivity in centralized despotism adorable. After development and bud, realization of literati subjectivity gradually lost. Literati has been seeking subjectivity reflects the way of life. The four components of the subjectivity of the literati literati pastoral life, namely the material basis of alienation of the literati lifestyle, attitude adjustment strategy of alienation of the literati, social value realization and friends and leisure the way, to have been formed before the Tang Dynasty, the literati pastoral life, and become the subject of the return path. The first part also describes the essential characteristics of alienation of the literati lifestyle is an important point of alienation from the "official" consciousness, to illustrate the establishment of alienation theory, constitute the possibility of alienation of ancient and modern literati lifestyle system. In the second part, this paper studies the phenomenon of alienation in literature week scholars in Qin and Han Dynasties. Mr Zhou Qin and Han scribes alienation of literary expression, and the sparse From the phenomenon of evolution, is part of the phenomenon of alienation in the scribes. At the beginning, "Zhou Qinhan scholar alienation literature" was defined as a category of literature and literary trends, it is the spirit of literature, alienation, is a kind of special literature by the strong subjectivity of the scribes to create these literary works, including poems, poetry, prose and other literary history works, philosophers. Alienation literature contains recluse literature. Yet the "alienation of literature" as a category of literature to study. Then, from the fifth chapter to the ninth chapter, this paper focuses on the research of the scribes Qin and Han literature. The conclusion of alienation make an overall summary of the Zhou Qinhan scholar phenomenon of alienation, and points out the three main effects of the phenomenon of alienation of traditional literati China scribes Literature: one is the value orientation, strengthen the Wen Renwen The "Tao" features; two is in the way, strengthen the subtle characters of literati lyrical literature; the three is in the theme, strengthen the literature on "nature" as the background and reference features. This thesis attempts: a study of the Zhou Qin and Han scribes alienation phenomenon from the source, to highlight the alienation phenomenon Chinese scribes people from the "official" consciousness, pursue knowledge class subjectivity in common; two, after the distinction between the subject and the alienation of the occasion of the spring and autumn of the scribes (people) from the main body, clearly pointed out that the traditional Chinese hermit culture later is the subjectivity of the literati literati culture alienation three, describe the whole process; the guiding ideology of subjectivity is the pursuit of literati literati hermit ideas mature in the Eastern Jin Dynasty to drop, and the effects of literary subjectivity before the Tang dynasty literati demand for lifestyle factors development guidelines for In order to solve the problem of the origin of literati and landscape (Tian Yuan) literature.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：I206.2
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本文編號：1482712