本文關(guān)鍵詞： 宋代 詩歌 科舉 教育　出處：《河北大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文是以宋代詩歌為基本史料,以“詩史互證”為理路,對詩文進(jìn)行歷史維度下的解讀,突破以往研究的窠臼,從新的視角對宋代科舉、教育及相關(guān)問題進(jìn)行研究。從文學(xué)發(fā)展的角度來講,唐宋時期,是我國古代文化、教育發(fā)展的黃金時期,特別是唐、宋詩詞并稱為古代文學(xué)史上的奇葩。詩歌的發(fā)展繁榮與科舉制度的勃興有著密不可分的關(guān)系。如眾所知,唐天寶年間,朝廷確立了以“詩賦取士”作為進(jìn)士科考試的主要評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn),雖然這一措施。對詩歌品質(zhì)帶來了一定的負(fù)面影響,但對詩歌的發(fā)展所帶來積極作用更為顯著。在《全唐詩》收錄的四萬多首詩中,有關(guān)科舉的詩作近乎2500首,幾乎囊括了唐代所有著名詩人,可以說,為唐代詩歌的繁盛提供了一定數(shù)量上的保障。北宋前期,朝廷依然沿用“詩賦取士”這一做法,為此一時期詩歌的繁盛奠定了一定的社會基礎(chǔ)。而到了神宗時期,朝廷采用以“經(jīng)義取士”的方式,特別是王安石以《三經(jīng)新義》作為科舉考試內(nèi)容后,造成了士人知識面的狹窄,文章寫作的淺陋空疏,直接導(dǎo)致了文學(xué)的衰落,甚至有學(xué)者稱北宋末年為“文化荒漠”。所以,宋代詩歌的興衰與科舉考試內(nèi)容的變化有著直接的關(guān)系。以歷史維度的視野來看,北宋立國初年,出于政權(quán)穩(wěn)定的需要,統(tǒng)治者高度重視科舉制度的作用,不僅完善了制度建設(shè),進(jìn)一步取消門第之限,擴(kuò)大錄取人數(shù),使得更多的讀書人能夠參與其中,可以說,在宋代讀書—科舉—入仕,成為大多數(shù)讀書人的不懈追求和人生軌跡,也成為了他們最重要的社會階梯。此一時期,古代商品經(jīng)濟(jì)獲得了比較大的發(fā)展契機(jī),在商品經(jīng)濟(jì)大潮的沖擊下,人們的觀念逐漸發(fā)生變化,“義利之辨”再次成為了社會廣泛討論的焦點。正是出于現(xiàn)實的考慮,大多數(shù)人將科舉看作實現(xiàn)自身利益最大化的捷徑,激發(fā)了他們博取功名的欲望,寄希望通過科舉考試改變自身命運(yùn)。因此,在宋人的文集中有近萬首詩歌與科舉和教育有關(guān),字里行間充分表達(dá)了他們對科舉的向往。而且在這些詩歌中,絕大部分是與現(xiàn)實的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益相聯(lián)系,從一個層面上如實的反映了宋代讀書人的心態(tài)和宋代社會歷史的一個特殊面相。
[Abstract]:This article is based on the Song Dynasty poetry as the basic historical materials, "the history of poetry" as a rational way, to the historical dimension of the interpretation of poetry, breaking through the previous research, from a new perspective to the Song Dynasty imperial examination. From the perspective of the development of literature, the Tang and Song dynasties were the golden period of the development of ancient Chinese culture and education, especially the Tang Dynasty. Song poetry is called a wonderful flower in the history of ancient literature. The development and prosperity of poetry is closely related to the prosperity of imperial examination system. As everyone knows, Tang Tianbao years. The court established the "Shi Fu" as the main judge of the examination, although this measure has brought a certain negative impact on the quality of poetry. But the positive effect on the development of poetry is more obvious. Among the more than 40,000 poems collected in the whole Tang Dynasty, nearly 2, 500 poems about the imperial examination include almost all the famous poets of the Tang Dynasty, which can be said to be. Tang Dynasty poetry for the prosperity of a certain number of safeguards. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the court still followed the "poetry Fu" this practice. Therefore, the prosperity of poetry in this period laid a certain social foundation. In the period of Shenzong, the imperial court adopted the method of "taking the scholar by the classics and righteousness", especially after Wang Anshi took the "three Classics and New righteousness" as the examination content of the imperial examination. This resulted in the narrow knowledge of scholars, the shallow and sparse writing of the article, which directly led to the decline of literature, and some scholars even called the late Northern Song Dynasty "cultural desert". The rise and fall of poetry in Song Dynasty has a direct relationship with the changes in the content of imperial examinations. From the perspective of historical dimensions, the rulers attached great importance to the role of imperial examination system in the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, due to the need of political stability. Not only improve the system construction, further cancel the threshold of admission, expand the number of students, so that more scholars can participate in it, we can say, in the Song Dynasty-imperial examination-official. Become the unremitting pursuit and life track of most scholars, but also become their most important social ladder. In this period, the ancient commodity economy got a relatively large opportunity for development, under the impact of the commodity economy tide. The concept of people gradually changed, "the debate of righteousness and benefit" has become the focus of extensive social discussion again. It is out of practical considerations that most people regard the imperial examination as a shortcut to maximize their own interests. Inspired their desire to gain fame, hope through the imperial examination to change their destiny. Therefore, in the collection of Song Dynasty, there are nearly 10,000 poems related to imperial examinations and education. The lines fully express their yearning for the imperial examination. And in these poems, most of them are related to the economic interests of reality. It reflects truthfully the mentality of scholars in Song Dynasty and a special aspect of social history in Song Dynasty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K244
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本文編號：1472989