政策性金融基本特征研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-25 18:37
【摘要】：從1994年我國陸續(xù)建立國家開發(fā)銀行、中國農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展銀行和中國進(jìn)出口銀行三家政策性銀行開始,到2014年為止中國的政策性金融體系已經(jīng)建立并運(yùn)行了20個年頭�；仡欉@20年,從政策性金融的初創(chuàng)、發(fā)展到由市場化、商業(yè)化改革而導(dǎo)致的“異化”,中國的政策性金融可謂是經(jīng)歷了一段艱難曲折的發(fā)展歷程。從國內(nèi)外相關(guān)代表性成果來看,對政策性金融理論與實踐的問題已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了較為有意義和價值的探索,也取得了不錯的成績。但是也存在官方和業(yè)界的理論認(rèn)知和決策理性相對缺乏等問題,特別是政策性金融在發(fā)生由市場化、商業(yè)化改革而導(dǎo)致的“異化”后,關(guān)于政策性金融深化改革、定性定位、是否存續(xù)等問題一直存在爭議。透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì),歸根究底,其根本原因即為沒有正確認(rèn)識并把握政策性金融的基本特征與本質(zhì)特征。而針對這一問題的研究也相對缺乏,甚至處于空白狀態(tài)。為此,筆者針對政策性金融基本特征這一研究空白,力求以開闊的視野和清晰的思路,回歸政策性金融基礎(chǔ)理論研究,著重探討政策性金融的基本特征問題。選取政策性金融基本特征為研究對象,具有很大的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。特別是在十八屆三中全會提出“深化政策性金融改革”的決策之后,我們十分有必要在這樣的時期、這樣的時機(jī)下,回歸本質(zhì),從根本上重新科學(xué)認(rèn)識政策性金融制度和政策性金融的基本特征。這有助于官方和業(yè)界在政策性金融的理論認(rèn)知方面達(dá)成共識；有助于明確政策性金融在最高宗旨及定性定位等方面的模糊性問題；有助于從根本上解決政策性金融在經(jīng)歷由市場化、商業(yè)化改革導(dǎo)致“異化”過程后而產(chǎn)生的歷史遺留問題；有利于深化政策性金融改革相關(guān)問題的科學(xué)、理性決策建議的提出。本論文分為三個部分,共八章對政策性金融的基本特征問題進(jìn)行研究。第一部分為提出問題(第1章和第2章),即在闡述選題研究背景、梳理相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上引出政策性金融基本特征這一研究主題,并基于特征的視角對政策性金融的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行界定；第二部分為分析問題(第3、4、5、6章),即分章節(jié),按照先本質(zhì)特征后一般特征的順序研究政策性金融公共性、國家信用性、金融性和特定選擇性四大基本特征；第三部分為解決問題(第7章和第8章),即在對政策性金融基本特征及本質(zhì)特征有了清楚認(rèn)識的基礎(chǔ)上對深化中國政策性金融改革進(jìn)行再思考,總結(jié)全文并對下一步研究提出展望。具體來說：第1章為緒論。在論述政策性金融基本特征的研究背景與研究目的的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述該研究問題的理論與現(xiàn)實意義；梳理與該研究問題相關(guān)的國內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)后,進(jìn)行簡單評述；確立該問題的研究框架與研究方法。第2章為政策性金融基本特征的整體性闡述。對政策性金融基本特征的理論基礎(chǔ)與相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)進(jìn)行綜述,提出政策性金融基本特征研究問題；基于特征視角對政策性金融的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行界定。第3章為政策性金融的公共性特征研究。論述公共性及政策性金融公共性特征的提出,界定公共性的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵；對政策性金融是否具有公共性及其與財政公共性是否異同進(jìn)行辨析,提出公共性是政策性金融的基本特征且為政策性金融的本質(zhì)特征；論述政策性金融公共性特征的具體內(nèi)容,研究公共性所面臨的問題及強(qiáng)化政策性金融公共性的現(xiàn)實途徑選擇。第4章為政策性金融的國家信用性特征研究。闡述國家信用性特征科學(xué)內(nèi)涵與國家信用性在政策性金融中的重要作用；明確深化政策性金融改革,促進(jìn)政策性金融可持續(xù)發(fā)展需切實發(fā)展政策性金融的國家信用問題；論述發(fā)展政策性金融國家信用可能面臨的問題及應(yīng)遵循的原則。第5章為政策性金融的金融性特征研究。政策性金融的金融性特征既是政策性金融區(qū)別于非金融的重要標(biāo)志,又是政策性金融區(qū)別于商業(yè)性金融與合作性金融的重要標(biāo)志；具有有償性、杠桿性、保本微利性等狹義和廣義兩個層次的基本內(nèi)涵；隨后主要就政策性金融保本微利性這一經(jīng)濟(jì)效益方面的金融性內(nèi)涵,選取剔除國家補(bǔ)貼依賴程度后的經(jīng)調(diào)整過后的凈資產(chǎn)收益率作為指標(biāo),對政策性金融的金融性特征進(jìn)行評價分析。第6章為政策性金融的特定選擇性特征研究。政策性金融的特定選擇性特征具有在經(jīng)濟(jì)金融體系中地位的特定選擇性、最高宗旨的特定選擇性、資金來源的特定選擇性、業(yè)務(wù)范圍與業(yè)務(wù)對象的特定選擇性四個方面的基本內(nèi)涵；闡述在特定選擇性條件下我國對政策性金融定性定位問題存在的誤區(qū)以及導(dǎo)致這些誤區(qū)形成的內(nèi)外部深層次原因,并對其定性定位問題進(jìn)行再界定。第7章為基于特征視角深化我國政策性金融改革。論述政策性金融改革存的問題及其根本性原因,即為沒有正確認(rèn)識并把握政策性金融的基本特征及其辯證關(guān)系；以韓國產(chǎn)業(yè)銀行為案例,以政策性金融基本特征為研究視角分析韓國政策性金融異化與回歸,吸取經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)；在深刻認(rèn)識并把握政策性金融基本特征及其辯證關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上對深化我國政策性金融改革進(jìn)行再思考并提出政策建議。第8章為結(jié)束語,即從整體上把握本文觀點及其主要內(nèi)容,闡述研究不足并對下一步研究提出展望。論文與以往的研究相比,在以下幾個方面有所創(chuàng)新：首先,擴(kuò)展了已有的研究對象。本研究對象的選擇與研究內(nèi)容均具有一定的新意,是對現(xiàn)有政策性金融理論研究領(lǐng)域的豐富與擴(kuò)展,進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)了政策性金融理論研究和學(xué)科建設(shè)。其次,豐富擴(kuò)展了以往的研究視角,完善了傳統(tǒng)的研究方法。以往的研究多集中于政策性金融與商業(yè)性金融二者之間的探討,本論文則是以最新的綜合人文、哲學(xué)、歷史、社會等多重視角的三維金融架構(gòu)理論為視角,力求以更科學(xué)、更廣闊、更全面的研究視角分析政策性金融的基本特征問題。另外采用多種研究方法旨在結(jié)論更具說服力及科學(xué)性。第三,基本結(jié)論切實可行。本文在對政策性金融基本特征進(jìn)行逐個分析的基礎(chǔ)上,以特征的視角重新界定政策性金融的科學(xué)內(nèi)涵,為政策性金融或政策性金融機(jī)構(gòu)的評判提供依據(jù)及標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并對深化我國政策性金融的改革進(jìn)行再思考及有益探索。
[Abstract]:Since 1994, China began to establish the National Development Bank, China Agricultural Development Bank and the three policy banks of China Import and export bank. By 2014, China's policy financial system has been established and operated for 20 years. The review of these 20 years has resulted from the initial creation of policy based finance to the market-oriented and commercialized reform. "Alienation", China's policy finance has experienced a difficult and tortuous course of development. From the relevant representative achievements at home and abroad, it has made a more meaningful and valuable exploration to the problems of the policy based financial theory and practice, and has made good achievements. However, there are also the theoretical cognition and determination of the official and the industry. The problem of relative lack of policy rationality, especially after the "alienation" caused by marketization and commercialization reform, has always been controversial about the deepening reform of policy based finance, the qualitative orientation and the continuity. The fundamental reason is that the fundamental reason is that there is no correct understanding and policy nature. The basic characteristics and essential characteristics of finance are relatively lack and even in a blank state. For this reason, the author aims at the gap of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, and strives to return to the basic theory of policy based financial theory with a broad view and clear thinking, and to discuss the basic characteristics of policy based finance. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to select the basic characteristics of the policy oriented finance. Especially after the decision of "deepening the policy financial reform" in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it is very necessary for us to return to the essence of policy based finance at such a time and at this time. The basic characteristics of institutional and policy based finance help the official and the industry to reach a consensus on the theoretical cognition of policy finance, and help to clarify the fuzziness of the policy oriented finance in the highest purpose and qualitative orientation, and help to fundamentally solve the policy finance in the market and commercialized reform. This paper is divided into three parts: eight chapters study the basic characteristics of policy based finance. The first part is to put forward questions (first chapters and second chapters), that is to explain the research topic research. Background, on the basis of combing related literature, the basic characteristics of policy finance are introduced, and the scientific connotation of policy finance is defined on the basis of characteristic perspective. The second part is the analysis problem (Chapter 3,4,5,6), that is chapter, the policy financial public nature is studied in the order of the general characteristics after the essential characteristics. The four basic features of credit, finance and specific selectivity; the third part to solve the problem (the seventh and the eighth), that is to rethink the deepening of China's policy based financial reform on the basis of a clear understanding of the basic characteristics and essential characteristics of the policy based finance, summarize the full text and put forward the prospect of the next step. The first chapter is the introduction. On the basis of the research background and research purpose of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, this paper expounds the theoretical and practical significance of the research problem, reviews the domestic and foreign literature related to the research issues, and makes a brief review, establishes the research framework and research methods of the problem, and the second chapter is the basic special policy finance. The theoretical basis of the basic characteristics of policy based Finance and related literature are reviewed, the basic characteristics of policy finance are discussed, and the scientific connotation of policy based finance is defined based on the characteristic perspective. The third chapter is the research on the public characteristics of policy finance. To define the scientific connotation of the public nature, to distinguish whether the policy finance has the public nature and whether it is different from the public finance, and to put forward that the public nature is the basic characteristic of the policy finance and the essential feature of the policy finance; the specific content of the public character of the policy finance and the research of the public nature are discussed. The fourth chapter is the study of the national credit characteristics of the policy oriented finance. The paper expounds the scientific connotation of the national credit characteristics and the important role of the state credit in the policy finance; it is necessary to deepen the policy oriented financial reform and promote the sustainable development of the policy finance. The issue of national credit for developing policy oriented finance; the problems and principles to be followed for developing policy oriented financial countries. The fifth chapter is the study of the financial characteristics of policy based finance. The financial characteristics of policy based finance are not only the important symbol of policy finance from non-financial, but also the difference between policy finance and business. The important symbol of Industrial Finance and cooperative finance; the basic connotations of the narrow and broad two levels, such as paid, leveraged, low profit, and so on; and then the financial connotation of the economic benefit of the policy based finance to protect the profit, and to select the adjusted net assets after the state subsidy dependence. The sixth chapter is the specific selective characteristics of policy based finance. The specific selectivity of policy based finance has the specific selectivity in the economic and financial system, the specific choice of the highest purpose, the specific selectivity of the source of funds, the scope of business. The basic connotation of four aspects of the specific selectivity of the business object; the misunderstanding of the problem of the qualitative orientation of policy oriented finance in China under the specific selective conditions, the deep and internal internal and external reasons leading to the formation of these misunderstandings, and the redefinition of its qualitative orientation. The seventh chapter deepens our country's politics on the basis of the characteristic perspective. This paper discusses the problems and fundamental reasons of policy based financial reform, that is, to understand and grasp the basic characteristics and dialectical relations of policy based finance, and to analyze Korean policy financial alienation and regression with the basic characteristics of policy based finance as a case, and learn from experience teaching. On the basis of understanding and grasping the basic characteristics of policy based Finance and its dialectical relationship, we rethink and put forward policy suggestions on deepening the policy oriented financial reform in China. The eighth chapter is the end, that is, to grasp the point of view and its main content on the whole, to explain the lack of research and to put forward the prospect of the next step. In the following aspects, there are some innovations in the following aspects: first, the existing research objects have been expanded. The selection and research of this research object are both new, rich and expansion of the current research field of policy based financial theory, further promoting the research of policy based financial theory and the construction of the subject. Secondly, rich expansion The previous research has perfected the traditional research method. The previous research focused on the discussion between the two parties of the policy finance and the commercial finance. This thesis is based on the three dimensional financial architecture theory of the latest comprehensive humanistic, philosophical, historical and social perspectives, and strives for a more scientific, broader and more comprehensive study. The basic characteristics of policy finance are analyzed from the angle of view. In addition, a variety of research methods are used to conclude that the conclusion is more convincing and scientific. Third, the basic conclusion is practical. On the basis of the analysis of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, this paper redefines the scientific connotation of policy based Finance and is a policy gold. It provides basis and criteria for the evaluation of financial institutions or policy financial institutions, and rethinks and explores useful measures to deepen the reform of China's policy finance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F832.31
本文編號：2144684
[Abstract]:Since 1994, China began to establish the National Development Bank, China Agricultural Development Bank and the three policy banks of China Import and export bank. By 2014, China's policy financial system has been established and operated for 20 years. The review of these 20 years has resulted from the initial creation of policy based finance to the market-oriented and commercialized reform. "Alienation", China's policy finance has experienced a difficult and tortuous course of development. From the relevant representative achievements at home and abroad, it has made a more meaningful and valuable exploration to the problems of the policy based financial theory and practice, and has made good achievements. However, there are also the theoretical cognition and determination of the official and the industry. The problem of relative lack of policy rationality, especially after the "alienation" caused by marketization and commercialization reform, has always been controversial about the deepening reform of policy based finance, the qualitative orientation and the continuity. The fundamental reason is that the fundamental reason is that there is no correct understanding and policy nature. The basic characteristics and essential characteristics of finance are relatively lack and even in a blank state. For this reason, the author aims at the gap of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, and strives to return to the basic theory of policy based financial theory with a broad view and clear thinking, and to discuss the basic characteristics of policy based finance. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to select the basic characteristics of the policy oriented finance. Especially after the decision of "deepening the policy financial reform" in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it is very necessary for us to return to the essence of policy based finance at such a time and at this time. The basic characteristics of institutional and policy based finance help the official and the industry to reach a consensus on the theoretical cognition of policy finance, and help to clarify the fuzziness of the policy oriented finance in the highest purpose and qualitative orientation, and help to fundamentally solve the policy finance in the market and commercialized reform. This paper is divided into three parts: eight chapters study the basic characteristics of policy based finance. The first part is to put forward questions (first chapters and second chapters), that is to explain the research topic research. Background, on the basis of combing related literature, the basic characteristics of policy finance are introduced, and the scientific connotation of policy finance is defined on the basis of characteristic perspective. The second part is the analysis problem (Chapter 3,4,5,6), that is chapter, the policy financial public nature is studied in the order of the general characteristics after the essential characteristics. The four basic features of credit, finance and specific selectivity; the third part to solve the problem (the seventh and the eighth), that is to rethink the deepening of China's policy based financial reform on the basis of a clear understanding of the basic characteristics and essential characteristics of the policy based finance, summarize the full text and put forward the prospect of the next step. The first chapter is the introduction. On the basis of the research background and research purpose of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, this paper expounds the theoretical and practical significance of the research problem, reviews the domestic and foreign literature related to the research issues, and makes a brief review, establishes the research framework and research methods of the problem, and the second chapter is the basic special policy finance. The theoretical basis of the basic characteristics of policy based Finance and related literature are reviewed, the basic characteristics of policy finance are discussed, and the scientific connotation of policy based finance is defined based on the characteristic perspective. The third chapter is the research on the public characteristics of policy finance. To define the scientific connotation of the public nature, to distinguish whether the policy finance has the public nature and whether it is different from the public finance, and to put forward that the public nature is the basic characteristic of the policy finance and the essential feature of the policy finance; the specific content of the public character of the policy finance and the research of the public nature are discussed. The fourth chapter is the study of the national credit characteristics of the policy oriented finance. The paper expounds the scientific connotation of the national credit characteristics and the important role of the state credit in the policy finance; it is necessary to deepen the policy oriented financial reform and promote the sustainable development of the policy finance. The issue of national credit for developing policy oriented finance; the problems and principles to be followed for developing policy oriented financial countries. The fifth chapter is the study of the financial characteristics of policy based finance. The financial characteristics of policy based finance are not only the important symbol of policy finance from non-financial, but also the difference between policy finance and business. The important symbol of Industrial Finance and cooperative finance; the basic connotations of the narrow and broad two levels, such as paid, leveraged, low profit, and so on; and then the financial connotation of the economic benefit of the policy based finance to protect the profit, and to select the adjusted net assets after the state subsidy dependence. The sixth chapter is the specific selective characteristics of policy based finance. The specific selectivity of policy based finance has the specific selectivity in the economic and financial system, the specific choice of the highest purpose, the specific selectivity of the source of funds, the scope of business. The basic connotation of four aspects of the specific selectivity of the business object; the misunderstanding of the problem of the qualitative orientation of policy oriented finance in China under the specific selective conditions, the deep and internal internal and external reasons leading to the formation of these misunderstandings, and the redefinition of its qualitative orientation. The seventh chapter deepens our country's politics on the basis of the characteristic perspective. This paper discusses the problems and fundamental reasons of policy based financial reform, that is, to understand and grasp the basic characteristics and dialectical relations of policy based finance, and to analyze Korean policy financial alienation and regression with the basic characteristics of policy based finance as a case, and learn from experience teaching. On the basis of understanding and grasping the basic characteristics of policy based Finance and its dialectical relationship, we rethink and put forward policy suggestions on deepening the policy oriented financial reform in China. The eighth chapter is the end, that is, to grasp the point of view and its main content on the whole, to explain the lack of research and to put forward the prospect of the next step. In the following aspects, there are some innovations in the following aspects: first, the existing research objects have been expanded. The selection and research of this research object are both new, rich and expansion of the current research field of policy based financial theory, further promoting the research of policy based financial theory and the construction of the subject. Secondly, rich expansion The previous research has perfected the traditional research method. The previous research focused on the discussion between the two parties of the policy finance and the commercial finance. This thesis is based on the three dimensional financial architecture theory of the latest comprehensive humanistic, philosophical, historical and social perspectives, and strives for a more scientific, broader and more comprehensive study. The basic characteristics of policy finance are analyzed from the angle of view. In addition, a variety of research methods are used to conclude that the conclusion is more convincing and scientific. Third, the basic conclusion is practical. On the basis of the analysis of the basic characteristics of policy based finance, this paper redefines the scientific connotation of policy based Finance and is a policy gold. It provides basis and criteria for the evaluation of financial institutions or policy financial institutions, and rethinks and explores useful measures to deepen the reform of China's policy finance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F832.31
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