本文選題：雙向開放 + 邊境地區(qū)　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和區(qū)域一體化的空間效應(yīng)一直是區(qū)域科學(xué)的中心話題,邊境地區(qū)也一直是研究經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化的天然實(shí)驗(yàn)室。但是,作為對外開放的第二扇“窗戶”,我國邊境地區(qū)的工業(yè)化和城鎮(zhèn)化水平低,遠(yuǎn)距離、高分割、低密度的經(jīng)濟(jì)地理特征明顯,是地理位置的前沿而經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不“前沿”。針對邊境地區(qū)的外圍處境,新經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)為這種空間結(jié)構(gòu)的形成提供理論基礎(chǔ),認(rèn)為我國對外開放的不平衡擴(kuò)大了地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)差異,沿海地區(qū)的開放先導(dǎo)性是使之成為經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)集中區(qū)而其他地區(qū)為外圍的重要原因。然而,開放不僅具有不平衡性的特質(zhì),還具有方向性,包括國際開放和國內(nèi)開放。故而,邊境地區(qū)的邊緣化至少是雙向開放共同作用的結(jié)果。當(dāng)前,“一帶一路”倡議將邊境地區(qū)的開發(fā)開放提升到一個(gè)新的高度,推動(dòng)我國區(qū)際化和國際化的深化協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,對我國邊境地區(qū)的空間效應(yīng)研究將成為世界邊境地區(qū)研究的重要組成部分。鑒此,與已有強(qiáng)調(diào)國際開放作用和將聚焦范圍集中在核心區(qū)的研究不同,本文突出開放的多層級方向和國際開放的不對稱,并結(jié)合中國邊境經(jīng)濟(jì)特征,探討當(dāng)邊境地區(qū)由原來的國際開放不足和國內(nèi)開放主導(dǎo)向國際和國內(nèi)的雙向開放并行發(fā)展之后,不同程度與層級的開放對邊境地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)區(qū)位選擇帶來什么新的沖擊?是否會(huì)凸顯邊境地區(qū)作為國內(nèi)外市場地理中心的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢,或是進(jìn)一步被邊緣化?圍繞這一主題,在對已有理論和文獻(xiàn)研究基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合邊境特征,本文提出邊境雙向開放空間效用的理論框架,進(jìn)一步,通過對邊境地區(qū)的雙向開放模式和經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)分析,定量化兩個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)特征,并以此特征為基礎(chǔ),通過一個(gè)理論模型和兩個(gè)實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)展開研究。具體而言:首先,基于新經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué),結(jié)合邊境區(qū)情,從理論層面揭示邊境雙向開放空間效應(yīng)機(jī)制。邊境地區(qū)的雙向開放通過生活成本效應(yīng)、國際市場接近效應(yīng)、國內(nèi)市場接近效應(yīng)、本地市場效應(yīng)、市場擁擠效應(yīng)和競爭效應(yīng)影響邊境地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)區(qū)位選擇,各個(gè)效應(yīng)之間存在多重的循環(huán)積累因果關(guān)系。其次,通過對雙向開放含義與發(fā)展模式分析,結(jié)合我國區(qū)域發(fā)展政策的調(diào)整,可將我國的雙向開放分為國際化、區(qū)際化和區(qū)內(nèi)化的“三化”不足期、沿海國際化先行期、區(qū)際化主導(dǎo)期、國際化改革期以及“三化”協(xié)調(diào)深化期,邊境地區(qū)直至1992年沿邊開放政策的提出,才逐步走向國際化進(jìn)程,衍生于國家區(qū)際化主導(dǎo)期。進(jìn)一步,通過對邊境地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),邊境地區(qū)的國際化、區(qū)際化和區(qū)內(nèi)化程度都在提高,但是,國際開放程度滯后且落后于沿海地區(qū)、以工業(yè)為主導(dǎo)產(chǎn)業(yè)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚優(yōu)勢不強(qiáng)和工資水平不高的空間特征明顯,此客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)特征是本文立意的基礎(chǔ)。再次,在邊境地區(qū)的國際開放程度不高和要素集聚不強(qiáng)兩個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)特征基礎(chǔ)上,拓展新經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)經(jīng)典的兩區(qū)域模型,區(qū)別邊境地區(qū)(B)和沿海地區(qū)(C)的開放水平差異,構(gòu)建一個(gè)兩國三區(qū)域、兩部門(農(nóng)業(yè)和制造業(yè))以及兩要素(農(nóng)民和工人)的B-C模型,并通過數(shù)值模擬,揭示邊境雙向開放的空間效應(yīng)。發(fā)現(xiàn):1)國際貿(mào)易自由度與區(qū)際貿(mào)易自由度與邊境地區(qū)的實(shí)際工資水平存在U型關(guān)系;邊境區(qū)內(nèi)貿(mào)易自由度與實(shí)際工資是非線性的遞增關(guān)系。2)國際貿(mào)易自由度提高對國內(nèi)兩地區(qū)的工資差異存在先擴(kuò)大后縮小再擴(kuò)大和先縮小再擴(kuò)大的兩種可能性影響,具體擴(kuò)大或縮小的轉(zhuǎn)向是受到邊境地區(qū)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚水平的影響;當(dāng)邊境地區(qū)的國際貿(mào)易自由度不足沿海地區(qū)時(shí),區(qū)際貿(mào)易自由度提高不利于邊境地區(qū)相對工資水平的提高,易造成國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)愈發(fā)的分割,強(qiáng)化核心一邊緣結(jié)構(gòu);區(qū)內(nèi)開放提高有助于提高邊境地區(qū)的相對工資優(yōu)勢,進(jìn)而縮小區(qū)域差距。3)雙向開放通過改變經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)集聚力和分散力的相對大小,進(jìn)而影響企業(yè)和工人的區(qū)位再?zèng)Q策,導(dǎo)致產(chǎn)業(yè)(工人)的空間布局存在穩(wěn)定的、不穩(wěn)定的、對稱的和非對稱的多重均衡解。特別是存在一個(gè)邊境突破點(diǎn),當(dāng)其他條件不變,而邊境地區(qū)的對外開放水平超過這個(gè)值時(shí),邊境地區(qū)將成為絕對的發(fā)展制造業(yè)的核心區(qū);當(dāng)國際開放不足沿海地區(qū)時(shí),存在一個(gè)核心突破點(diǎn),若區(qū)際開放水平超過此值,沿海地區(qū)將成對絕對的核心區(qū),邊境地區(qū)成為發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)的外圍區(qū)。進(jìn)而,在理論框架和模型基礎(chǔ)上,選用西南邊境省區(qū)的云南和廣西為案例,考慮邊境地緣特征,將國際開放分成與東盟國家的開放和與世界其他國家及地區(qū)的開放兩個(gè)維度,并展開兩個(gè)實(shí)證分析,包括產(chǎn)業(yè)(工業(yè))集聚效應(yīng)和工資效應(yīng)。實(shí)證結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):1)區(qū)際開放對邊境地區(qū)工業(yè)產(chǎn)生分散的空間效應(yīng),不利于邊境地區(qū)工業(yè)集聚。區(qū)內(nèi)開放與工業(yè)集聚存在U型關(guān)系,即,在前一階段,區(qū)內(nèi)貿(mào)易成本的下降更多造成經(jīng)濟(jì)要素的外流,邊境地區(qū)吸引工業(yè)集聚的吸引力降低;在后一階段,區(qū)內(nèi)貿(mào)易成本的進(jìn)一步降低能提高邊境地區(qū)的吸引力,進(jìn)而提高產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚水平。兩個(gè)維度的國際開放的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚效應(yīng)不顯著。2)與東盟的國際開放、與其他國家及地區(qū)的國際開放、區(qū)際開放和區(qū)內(nèi)開放與邊境地區(qū)實(shí)際工資存在U型關(guān)系。但是,考察期內(nèi),與東盟的國際開放的影響處于U型曲線后一階段,具有正向的工資效應(yīng);對其他國家及地區(qū)的較低水平的國際開放的影響處于U型曲線的前一階段,不利于邊境地區(qū)工資水平的提高,具有負(fù)向的工資效應(yīng)。3)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚對邊境地區(qū)的國際開放相對工資效應(yīng)具有門檻作用。若產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚度低于門檻值時(shí),與東盟的國際開放提高產(chǎn)生抑制邊境地區(qū)相對工資提高的負(fù)效應(yīng),與其他國家的國際開放提高產(chǎn)生促進(jìn)邊境相對工資提升的正效應(yīng);若產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚度高于門檻值,則受到的國際開放的負(fù)效應(yīng)不顯著或不存在,正效應(yīng)得到強(qiáng)化。區(qū)際開放和區(qū)內(nèi)開放對地區(qū)工資差異影響并沒有明顯受到邊境產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚水平的門檻約束,整體表現(xiàn)出區(qū)際開放的提高降低邊境相對工資水平的負(fù)向作用和區(qū)內(nèi)開放的提高提升相對工資水平的正向作用。此外,在實(shí)證研究中,還考慮邊境地區(qū)的兩個(gè)地理區(qū)位因素——鄰邊(國家邊界)和鄰核(核心市場)的工業(yè)集聚效應(yīng)和工資效應(yīng),發(fā)現(xiàn)鄰邊與工業(yè)集聚效應(yīng)和工資效應(yīng)負(fù)相關(guān),鄰核度與工業(yè)集聚效應(yīng)具有倒U型關(guān)系,與工資效應(yīng)存在U型關(guān)系。最后,根據(jù)理論和實(shí)證研究,圍繞邊境地區(qū)的內(nèi)生發(fā)展和區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展關(guān)系,提出要把握好邊境地區(qū)雙向開放的層級型,即區(qū)內(nèi)是基礎(chǔ),區(qū)際是關(guān)鍵,國際是平衡,以及要通過引導(dǎo)邊境地區(qū)的產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚,調(diào)節(jié)地區(qū)發(fā)展與區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)的矛盾的政策建議。
[Abstract]:The spatial effect of economic globalization and regional integration has always been the central topic of regional science, and the border area has always been a natural laboratory for economic integration. However, as the second "windows" of opening to the outside world, the level of industrialization and urbanization in the border areas of our country is low, long distance, high segmentation and low density of economic geography. In view of the periphery of the border area, the new economic geography provides a theoretical basis for the formation of this kind of spatial structure, and the unbalance of China's opening to the outside world expands the regional economic differences, and the opening forerunner of the coastal areas is to make it a concentrated area of economic activity. Other areas as an important reason for the periphery. However, open not only has the imbalance characteristics, also has direction, including the opening of international and domestic open. Therefore, the marginalization of the border area is at least two-way open interaction results. At present, "The Belt and Road initiative will enhance the development of the border area to open a new height The research on the spatial effect of China's border areas will be an important part of the study of the border areas in the world, which is different from the research that has emphasized the international opening and focusing on the core area. This article highlights the open multi-layer direction and international opening. When the border area is open to the international and domestic open and parallel development, what is the new impact on the location choice of the border region's economic activity after the opening of the border area to the international and domestic opening, and whether it will highlight the border region as a country? On the basis of the existing theory and literature, the theoretical framework of the two-way open space utility in the border area is put forward on the basis of the existing theoretical and literature research, and the quantitative analysis of the two-way open mode and economic structure of the border areas is carried out to quantify two current situations. A theoretical model and two empirical tests are carried out on the basis of this feature. Firstly, based on the new economic geography and the border area, the two direction open space effect mechanism is revealed from the theoretical level. The two-way opening of the border area is close to the effect of the cost of life, the international market is close to the effect, and the domestic market is close to the effect, and the domestic market is close to the effect of the international market. The market proximity effect, the local market effect, the market congestion effect and the competitive effect influence the location selection of the economic activities in the border areas, and there are multiple cyclic accumulation and causal relationships among the various effects. Secondly, through the analysis of the two-way open meaning and development model and the adjustment of the regional development policy in China, the two-way open point of China can be divided into two ways. For the international, regional and regional internalization of the "three" insufficiency period, the coastal internationalization of the first period, the interregional leading period, the international reform period and the "three" coordinated deepening period, the border area until the opening of the border open policy in 1992, has gradually moved towards the international process, derived from the national interregional leading period. Further, through the border The analysis of the regional economic structure shows that the internationalization, interregional and regional internalization of the border areas are improving, but the international openness is lagging behind and lagging behind the coastal areas, and the industrial agglomeration advantage is not strong and the wage level is not high, and the objective reality is the basis of this article. At the same time, on the basis of two realistic characteristics that the international openness of the border area is not high and the factor agglomeration is not strong, the two regional model of the new economic geography is expanded to distinguish the differences in the open level of the border region (B) and the coastal area (C), and the three region of the two countries, the two sector (agriculture and manufacturing) and the two elements (farmers and workers) are B- C model, and through numerical simulation, reveals the spatial effect of two-way open border. 1) there is a U relationship between international trade freedom and interregional trade freedom and actual wage level in border areas; trade freedom in border area and real wage are nonlinear increasing.2). International trade freedom is increased to two regions in China There are two possible impacts on the wage difference, which is the first expansion and then the expansion and the first reduction and then the expansion. The specific expansion or reduction of the shift is influenced by the level of industrial agglomeration in the border areas. When the degree of international trade freedom in the border areas is insufficient, the increase of the degree of freedom of interregional trade is not conducive to the relative wage level in the border areas. It is easy to increase the division of domestic economic activities and strengthen the core edge structure; the opening up in the region helps to improve the relative wage advantage of the border areas, and then narrow the regional gap.3) by changing the relatively small cohesion and decentralization of the economic system, and then affecting the location of the enterprises and workers. The spatial distribution of industry (workers) has a stable, unstable, symmetric and asymmetric multiple equilibrium solution. In particular, there is a border breakthrough point, when the other conditions are unchanged, and the border area's opening level exceeds this value, the border area will become the core area of the absolute development manufacturing industry. In Haiti District, there is a core breakthrough point. If the interregional opening level exceeds this value, the coastal areas will become the absolute core area and the border area will become the periphery of the development of agriculture. Then, on the basis of the theoretical framework and model, the Yunnan and Guangxi in the southwest border provinces are selected as the cases, and the border geographical features are considered, and the international opening is divided into the open division. With the opening of ASEAN countries and the opening of two dimensions to other countries and regions in the world, two empirical analyses are carried out, including industrial (industrial) agglomeration effect and wage effect. The empirical results show that: 1) the spatial effect of interregional openness on the industry in the border areas is not conducive to Industrial Agglomeration in the border areas. There is a U relationship, that is, in the previous stage, the decrease of trade cost in the area is more causing the outflow of economic factors and the attraction of industrial agglomeration in the border area is reduced. In the latter stage, the further reduction in the cost of trade in the region can improve the attraction of the border areas, and then improve the level of industrial agglomeration. The two dimensions of international opening to the world are open. The effect of industrial agglomeration is not significant.2) with the international opening up of ASEAN, international opening up with other countries and regions, interregional opening and opening up and the actual wage of U in border areas. However, in the period of investigation, the influence of international opening up with ASEAN is in the latter stage of the U curve, and it has a positive wage effect; The lower level of international openness is in the first stage of the U curve, which is not conducive to raising the wage level in the border areas, and has a negative wage effect.3.) industrial agglomeration has a threshold effect on the international open relative wage effect in border areas. If the industrial agglomeration is lower than the threshold, the international opening up of ASEAN will be suppressed. The negative effect of relative wage increase in the border area and the increase of international openness in the border area have a positive effect on promoting the relative wage of the border. If the industrial agglomeration is higher than the threshold value, the negative effect of international openness is not significant or non existence, and the positive effect is strengthened. The influence of regional openness and intra regional openness on Regional Wage Differentials There is no obvious restriction on the level of border industrial agglomeration, and the overall performance of the interregional opening to reduce the relative wage level of the border and the increase in the level of relative wages in the region is positive. In addition, in the empirical study, the two geographical location factors in the border area, the neighboring countries (countries), are also considered. The industrial agglomeration effect and the wage effect of the adjacent core (core market) and the industrial agglomeration effect are negatively related to the industrial agglomeration effect and the wage effect. The relationship between the adjacent core and the industrial agglomeration effect has an inverted U relationship and a U relationship with the wage effect. Finally, according to the theoretical and empirical research, the endogenous development and regional coordinated development of the border areas are concerned. The Department proposes to grasp the two-way open level type in the border area, that is, the area is the foundation, the interregional is the key, the international is the balance, and the policy suggestion to regulate the contradiction between the regional development and the regional coordination is to guide the industrial agglomeration of the border areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F125
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本文編號：2015875