本文選題：土地利用時空變化 + 土地生態(tài)安全��； 參考：《中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本文以鹽城海岸帶及各縣市為研究對象,以1984年、1990年、1996年、2002年、2009年和2014年六期不同時相的遙感數(shù)據(jù)為主要的研究數(shù)據(jù)源,結(jié)合統(tǒng)計資料、實測數(shù)據(jù)、地形圖等輔助資料,運用RS和GIS空間分析技術(shù),全面研究了該區(qū)域在過去30年中的土地覆被(LUCC)的時空特征和生態(tài)功能的變化,運用CCA分析方法定量研究了鹽城海岸帶LUCC的驅(qū)動力和驅(qū)動機制。利用災(zāi)變理論與PSR模型相結(jié)合的方法,對鹽城海岸帶近十幾年的土地利用生態(tài)安全狀況進(jìn)行了研究,利用Mann-Kendall’s檢驗方法研究鹽城海岸帶土地生態(tài)安全的變化趨勢�；贕IS空間分析通過網(wǎng)格數(shù)據(jù)在更小空間尺度上探討了土地生態(tài)安全的時空演變趨勢,利用In VEST模型下的Biodiversity模塊對鹽城海岸帶的生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行綜合評價,最后用約束條件和各種目標(biāo)函數(shù)構(gòu)建多目標(biāo)線性規(guī)劃模型,以經(jīng)濟效益、生態(tài)效益和綜合效益為目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向方案,對鹽城海岸帶及各縣市的土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了數(shù)量優(yōu)化,進(jìn)行空間優(yōu)化,最后提出該區(qū)域土地可持續(xù)利用的建議。通過以上的研究,本文得到如下主要結(jié)論:(1)研究表明鹽城海岸帶及各縣市的LUCC的時空特征在過去30年間發(fā)生了較大的變化:以鹽蒿、蘆葦?shù)葹橹鞯淖匀坏匚锏谋壤粩嘞陆?而以居民工礦用地和農(nóng)田為主體的人工地物的比例持續(xù)上升,到了2014年人工地物占比高達(dá)79%,反映了人類活動對鹽城海岸帶土地利用的數(shù)量和結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。(2)土地利用動態(tài)度方面,居民工礦用地是變化最劇烈的用地類型,其動態(tài)度高達(dá)29.59%/a,養(yǎng)殖池、農(nóng)田與林地的土地利用動態(tài)度變化也較大,分別是13.25%/a、11.37%/a和8.70%/a,進(jìn)一步反映了研究時段人類活動對本區(qū)域的影響,在各縣市區(qū)尺度上,鹽城海岸帶南部的東臺、大豐人工地物的土地利用動態(tài)度較大,而北部的響水、濱海和射陽自然地物的土地利用動態(tài)度較大;研究區(qū)域內(nèi)各縣市的土地利用程度綜合指數(shù)也表現(xiàn)出同樣的增長趨勢;鹽城海岸帶及各縣市的土地墾殖指數(shù)、土地利用開發(fā)指數(shù)和土地利用率在各研究時段均表現(xiàn)為不同程度的上升趨勢。2014年土地墾殖指數(shù)按照從大到小排序為大豐東臺濱海響水射陽,2014年土地利用開發(fā)指數(shù)按照從大到小排序為東臺濱海大豐射陽響水,2014年土地利用率指數(shù)按照從大到小排序為響水濱海射陽大豐東臺。(3)通過洛倫茲曲線圖分析得出響水的土地利用集中程度在研究時段內(nèi)都是最高的,濱海和東臺的土地利用集中度也高于平均水平,大豐和射陽的土地利用集中度比平均水平要低。鹽城海岸帶圍墾土地時空分析中,鹽城海岸帶在1984至2014年間共圈圍土地61540ha,其中1996年至2002年圍墾土地數(shù)量最多,為15940ha,數(shù)量最小的是在1984-1990年,僅為9330ha。從各縣市看,大豐是研究區(qū)域內(nèi)圍墾比例最大的縣市,占比為30.92%,共圈圍土地19030ha,大豐在不同研究區(qū)間圍墾土地的數(shù)量又有明顯區(qū)別,射陽是鹽城海岸帶圍墾比例第二大的縣市,占比為30.52%,共圈圍土地18780ha,其中1996年至2002年圍墾土地數(shù)量最大,為5390ha,東臺市2009年至2014年圍墾土地數(shù)量最多,為6860ha;鹽城海岸帶圍墾用地的主要流向是光灘為主的未利用地,養(yǎng)殖池、林地和農(nóng)田占比例也比較大。(4)在土地利用生態(tài)安全評價方面,該研究區(qū)域各縣市的土地生態(tài)安全壓力-狀態(tài)-響應(yīng)及綜合要素在研究時段內(nèi)存在一定差異。其中研究起始年份2002年的壓力-狀態(tài)-響應(yīng)及綜合生態(tài)安全數(shù)值較小。在各要素中,極安全等級在研究時段內(nèi)占比重較小,主要以中等安全和不安全等級為主,且隨著時間的推移,安全等級有下降的趨勢。在利用Mann-Kendall’s檢驗方法研究鹽城海岸帶土地生態(tài)安全的變化趨勢和突變現(xiàn)象中發(fā)現(xiàn),各海岸帶的壓力要素、響應(yīng)值、狀態(tài)值和土地生態(tài)安全綜合值的發(fā)展趨勢和出現(xiàn)突變點的時間都存在較大差異。利用網(wǎng)格分析,在研究時段內(nèi)鹽城海岸帶的生態(tài)承載力指數(shù)有所增加,平均穩(wěn)定指數(shù)由0.575增加至0.872,各網(wǎng)格的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定度指數(shù)和平均生物多樣性指數(shù)分別由0.8813、0.8180下降至0.5531、0.5832。1984年至2014年鹽城海岸帶區(qū)域各網(wǎng)格土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)安全指數(shù)的平均值由0.6248下降至0.5671,高值集聚區(qū)主要分布在南部,低值集聚區(qū)主要分布在北部,表現(xiàn)出明顯的空間差異性與集聚性。利用In VEST模型下的Biodiversity模塊對鹽城海岸帶的生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量進(jìn)行綜合評價,結(jié)果表明在研究時段內(nèi),整體生境質(zhì)量取值從0.69降至0.43,生境質(zhì)量下降,多樣性變低。隨著沿海開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的推進(jìn),生境質(zhì)量等級高的灘涂大面積被圍墾成養(yǎng)殖農(nóng)田、人工表面等低等級用地類型,生境質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重退化,生物多樣性服務(wù)功能變差。同樣,由于城鎮(zhèn)化的擴張、圍海港口建設(shè)、圍海造田的力度加大,生境質(zhì)量退化顯著,沿海灘涂部分岸段的生境質(zhì)量退化迅速。(5)在鹽城海岸帶的土地利用優(yōu)化方案中,無論是經(jīng)濟導(dǎo)向還是生態(tài)效益導(dǎo)向,都只是注重了土地利用的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展或生態(tài)環(huán)境保護,不利于土地的科學(xué)利用,在綜合效益下的土地優(yōu)化方案是同時兼顧經(jīng)濟效益與生態(tài)效益的土地利用模式,在此模式下,鹽城海岸帶及各縣市的社會經(jīng)濟得到較好的發(fā)展,研究區(qū)域的沿海濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能價值也可以得到很大的提高,海岸帶的人口數(shù)量和空間分布也比較合理,沿海城鎮(zhèn)、產(chǎn)業(yè)與港口聯(lián)動的綜合效益比較高,本文認(rèn)為該方案可以作為鹽城海岸帶土地利用數(shù)量與結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化方案�；谙惹把芯康耐恋厣鷳B(tài)安全評價結(jié)果進(jìn)行土地利用空間優(yōu)化,最后提出了鹽城海岸帶土地利用實現(xiàn)科學(xué)發(fā)展的措施。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the Yancheng coastal zone and the counties and cities as the research object, taking the remote sensing data of the six phases of 1984, 1990, 1996, 2002, 2009 and 2014 as the main data sources, combined with the auxiliary data of statistics, measured data and topographic maps, and studied the area in the past 30 years by using RS and GIS spatial analysis techniques. The spatial and temporal characteristics of land cover (LUCC) and the change of ecological function are used to study the driving force and driving mechanism of the LUCC in Yancheng coastal zone by CCA analysis method. Using the method of combining the catastrophic theory with the PSR model, the ecological security of the land use in the coastal zone of Yancheng has been studied in the last decade, and the Mann-Kendall 's test is used. Methods to study the change trend of land ecological security in Yancheng coastal zone. Based on GIS spatial analysis, the spatio-temporal evolution trend of land ecological security was discussed at smaller spatial scale, and the ecological environmental quality of Yancheng coastal zone was evaluated comprehensively by Biodiversity module under the model of In VEST, and the constraints were finally used. The multi-objective linear programming model is constructed by various target functions, with economic benefit, ecological benefit and comprehensive benefit as the target oriented scheme, the land use structure of Yancheng coastal zone and each county and city is optimized, space optimization is carried out. Finally, the suggestions for the sustainable utilization of the land in this region are put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the study shows that the spatial and temporal characteristics of the LUCC in the Yancheng coastal zone and the counties and cities have changed greatly over the past 30 years. The proportion of natural objects, such as Artemisia annua and reed, has declined continuously, while the proportion of artificial ground objects, which are mainly based on industrial and mining land and farmland, has continued to rise, and the proportion of man-made objects in 2014 is higher. Up to 79%, reflecting the impact of human activities on the amount and structure of land use in Yancheng coastal zone. (2) in terms of land use dynamics, residents' industrial and mining land is the most drastic land use type, its dynamic attitude is up to 29.59%/a, and the change of land use dynamic attitude of aquaculture pool and farmland and woodland is also great, which are 13.25%/a, 11.37%/a and 8.70%/a, respectively. It further reflects the influence of human activities on the region in the study period. In the urban and urban areas of each county, the land use dynamics of Dafeng artificial ground in Dongtai, south of Yancheng coastal zone, and the land use dynamics of the northern Xiangshui, coastal and Sheyang natural objects in the north are larger, and the land use degree of the counties and cities in the region is comprehensive. The index also showed the same growth trend; the land reclamation index of Yancheng coastal zone and the counties and cities, the land use development index and the land use rate showed the rising trend of different degrees in each period of study. The land reclamation index of the land reclamation index of the.2014 year was in accordance with the large to small order of the Dafeng Dongtai coastal Xiangshui Sheyang, the land use development in 2014. The index of the index is in Dongtai Binhai Dafeng Sheyang Xiangshui from large to small. In 2014, the land use index was ranked from large to small to Xiangshui littoral Sheyang Dafeng Dongtai. (3) through the analysis of Lorenz curve map, the degree of land use concentration in Xiangshui was the highest in the study period, and the land use concentration of coastal and Dongtai was also the same. Higher than average, the land use concentration of Dafeng and Sheyang is lower than that of the average. In the spatial and temporal analysis of reclamation land in Yancheng coastal zone, the Yancheng coastal zone was surrounded by 61540ha in the period of 1984 to 2014, among which the number of land reclamation from 1996 to 2002 was the most, the minimum number was in 1984-1990 years, only 9330ha. from the counties and cities. Dafeng is the largest reclaimed county and city in the study area, with a total ratio of 30.92%, and a total of 19030ha. Dafeng has a distinct difference in the number of reclaimed land in different research areas. Sheyang is the second largest reclamation in Yancheng coastal zone, with a total ratio of 30.52%, and a total of land 18780ha, from 1996 to 2002, reclaimed land quantity. The largest, 5390ha, Dongtai city from 2009 to 2014, the largest amount of land reclamation land, 6860ha, the main flow of reclamation land in Yancheng coastal zone is the light beach mainly unused land, culture pool, woodland and farmland proportion is relatively large. (4) in the ecological safety assessment of land use, the regional land ecological security pressure state of the counties and cities of the region There are some differences in the response and the comprehensive factors in the study period. In the starting year, the pressure state response and the comprehensive ecological safety value are smaller in the beginning of the year 2002. In the study of the change trend and mutation of the ecological safety of Yancheng coastal zone by using Mann-Kendall 's test, it is found that there are great differences between the pressure factors, the response values, the state values and the trend of the comprehensive value of the ecological safety of the land and the time of the occurrence of the catastrophe point. In the period of the study, the ecological carrying capacity index of Yancheng coastal zone increased, the average stability index increased from 0.575 to 0.872. The ecosystem stability index and the average biodiversity index of each grid decreased from 0.8813,0.8180 to the grid land ecosystem safety index of Yancheng coastal zone from 0.5531,0.5832.1984 to 2014. The average value decreased from 0.6248 to 0.5671, the high concentration area was mainly distributed in the south, and the low concentration area was mainly distributed in the north, showing obvious spatial difference and agglomeration. The ecological environment quality of Yancheng coastal zone was evaluated comprehensively by the Biodiversity module under the model of In VEST. The results showed that the overall habitat was within the period of study. The quality is reduced from 0.69 to 0.43, the quality of habitat is declining, and the diversity becomes lower. With the development of coastal development strategy, the large area of the high grade beach is reclaimed into cultivated land, and the low grade land types such as artificial surface are seriously degraded and the function of biodiversity is worse. The construction of port construction, the strength of reclamation in the surrounding sea, the degradation of habitat quality is remarkable, and the quality of the habitats of some coastal sections of coastal beach is degraded rapidly. (5) in the optimization scheme of land use in Yancheng coastal zone, the economic development or ecological environment protection of land use is only paid attention to, and the land use is not conducive to land. In this model, the social and economic development of Yancheng coastal zone and various counties and cities has been well developed, and the value of service energy of coastal wetland ecosystem services can also be greatly improved. The population and spatial distribution are relatively reasonable. The comprehensive benefits of coastal cities and towns and the linkage of industry and port are relatively high. This paper considers that the scheme can be used as an optimization scheme for the land use quantity and structure of Yancheng coastal zone. Based on the results of land ecological security evaluation previously studied, the land use space is optimized. Finally, the Yancheng coast is put forward. Measures to carry out scientific development with land use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F301.2

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 肖篤寧,陳文波,郭福良;論生態(tài)安全的基本概念和研究內(nèi)容[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報;2002年03期

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