本文選題：中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨 + 扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：消除貧困,自古就是人類夢(mèng)寐以求的理想,是各國(guó)人民追求幸福生活的基本權(quán)利。新中國(guó)成立以來,中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨及中國(guó)政府不斷創(chuàng)新體制、強(qiáng)化手段、完善政策,以國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平和農(nóng)村貧困特征的變化趨勢(shì)分階段提出了農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)的奮斗目標(biāo)和主要任務(wù),建立了消除農(nóng)村貧困的制度框架。特別是改革開放以來,中國(guó)將農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)納入國(guó)家整體發(fā)展規(guī)劃,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)的發(fā)展不斷推進(jìn)扶貧開發(fā)的理論創(chuàng)新、政策創(chuàng)新和制度創(chuàng)新,隨著扶貧進(jìn)程的演進(jìn)和實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的總結(jié)不斷完善國(guó)家扶貧戰(zhàn)略和政策體系,成功走出了一條以經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展為推動(dòng)力量、以增強(qiáng)貧困人口自我發(fā)展能力為主要途徑,堅(jiān)持政府主導(dǎo)與社會(huì)參與相結(jié)合、扶貧開發(fā)與區(qū)域發(fā)展相結(jié)合、普惠性“三農(nóng)”政策與特惠性扶貧政策相配套、扶貧開發(fā)與社會(huì)保障制度相銜接的中國(guó)特色農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)道路。在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)較快增長(zhǎng)以及一系列公平發(fā)展政策與國(guó)家專項(xiàng)扶貧開發(fā)計(jì)劃的共同作用下,實(shí)現(xiàn)了6億多農(nóng)村人口擺脫貧困,使我國(guó)成為了全球最早實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國(guó)千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)中減貧目標(biāo)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家,為世界減貧事業(yè)作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)。中國(guó)的農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)受到了國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者和國(guó)際組織的高度關(guān)注,并取得了許多具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義的理論成果。這些成果主要集中在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué),或者更為細(xì)致的集中在分配問題、人力資本問題等具體領(lǐng)域,然而專注于戰(zhàn)略的高度研究中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)仍然是理論界的欠缺。本文采用歷史與邏輯的統(tǒng)一、文獻(xiàn)綜述、系統(tǒng)分析和跨學(xué)科研究的方法,從馬克思主義中國(guó)化理論視角,以戰(zhàn)略性高度系統(tǒng)化地梳理、概括及總結(jié)中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)政策及其實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn),并以制約發(fā)展的突出問題為出發(fā)點(diǎn)對(duì)扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的進(jìn)一步完善提出了具有實(shí)踐導(dǎo)向的政策建議,以期為中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)做出貢獻(xiàn)。論文包括如下八個(gè)部分:第一章,緒論。共分四個(gè)部分:論文的選題依據(jù)和研究意義、研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、研究思路和研究方法以及創(chuàng)新之處和不足之處。第二章,當(dāng)代中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的形成與發(fā)展。本章從三個(gè)角度分析和梳理了支撐戰(zhàn)略體系的理論基礎(chǔ)。分別是馬克思恩格斯的貧困理論;毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民、胡錦濤和習(xí)近平等中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的貧困理論;國(guó)際社會(huì)及國(guó)際組織的反貧困理論。以國(guó)家扶貧政策為依據(jù),以綱要性扶貧文件為藍(lán)本,將扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略從形成、發(fā)展和完善三個(gè)階段進(jìn)行了分析,并將此作為戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)踐基礎(chǔ)。第三章,當(dāng)代中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的指導(dǎo)思想。本章從堅(jiān)持精準(zhǔn)扶貧方略、注重轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式、注重增強(qiáng)扶貧對(duì)象自我發(fā)展能力、注重基本公共服務(wù)均等化四個(gè)方面闡述了當(dāng)代中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的指導(dǎo)思想。第四章,當(dāng)代中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的指導(dǎo)方針。本章著重分析了中國(guó)從改革開放以來一直堅(jiān)持的開發(fā)式專項(xiàng)扶貧方針,并從制度動(dòng)因和制度進(jìn)展的角度分析了農(nóng)村最低生活保障制度這一“兜底性”制度安排。第五章,當(dāng)代中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)和戰(zhàn)略重點(diǎn)。本章以綱領(lǐng)性文件為依據(jù),將當(dāng)代農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略分成五個(gè)階段,并以階段為節(jié)點(diǎn)分別分析了這幾個(gè)階段提出的解決基本溫飽問題、擴(kuò)大溫飽成果、全面解決溫飽問題、鞏固溫飽并改善條件、穩(wěn)定生存并保障發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)。將貧困革命老區(qū)、少數(shù)民族貧困地區(qū)作為戰(zhàn)略的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域,分別從區(qū)域貧困的現(xiàn)狀和扶貧開發(fā)工作的進(jìn)展等幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了分析。第六章,當(dāng)代中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略措施。本章對(duì)扶貧戰(zhàn)略的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行總結(jié),從中凝練出四點(diǎn)支撐戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展的重要措施,即堅(jiān)持開發(fā)式扶貧與社會(huì)保障相結(jié)合、堅(jiān)持政府主導(dǎo)與社會(huì)扶貧相結(jié)合、堅(jiān)持扶貧開發(fā)與區(qū)域發(fā)展相結(jié)合、堅(jiān)持扶貧開發(fā)與普惠性農(nóng)村政策相結(jié)合。第七章,當(dāng)代中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略保證。本章從適時(shí)調(diào)整扶貧開發(fā)瞄準(zhǔn)機(jī)制、改革財(cái)政扶貧資金使用機(jī)制、完善扶貧開發(fā)統(tǒng)計(jì)與監(jiān)測(cè)體系三個(gè)方面分析了促使戰(zhàn)略形成、發(fā)展以及取得卓越成果的重要保證。第八章,當(dāng)代中國(guó)農(nóng)村扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)踐導(dǎo)向。本章認(rèn)為,扶貧開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的政策邏輯導(dǎo)向一直是將絕對(duì)貧困作為扶貧的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并且將此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)置于了貧困人口的“全面”脫貧的根本目標(biāo)之中。以此為理念的政策導(dǎo)向成功的指導(dǎo)了中國(guó)扶貧,并且為世界減貧事業(yè)做出了突出的貢獻(xiàn)。然而,從農(nóng)村返貧率的不斷升高以及貧富差距不斷拉大的現(xiàn)實(shí)來看,單純追求絕對(duì)貧困人口的全面脫貧的扶貧理念并未實(shí)現(xiàn)脫貧效果的持續(xù)性以及發(fā)展的均衡性。因此,本章提出要以發(fā)展和相對(duì)的角度重新審視貧困,并將注重貧困脆弱性、注重相對(duì)貧困、注重綠色減貧、注重教育公平四個(gè)方面視為實(shí)現(xiàn)減貧效果的穩(wěn)定性、發(fā)展的共享性、貧困地區(qū)發(fā)展的可持續(xù)性和公平的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)的邏輯起點(diǎn),并希望將這些本應(yīng)得到重視的減貧理念轉(zhuǎn)化成扶貧政策和措施,融入到扶貧開發(fā)的戰(zhàn)略之中。
[Abstract]:Since the founding of new China, the Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have been innovating the system, strengthening means and improving policies, and put forward the rural poverty alleviation and development in stages, in stages of the national economic development level and the changing trend of rural poverty characteristics. In particular, since the reform and opening up, China has brought the rural poverty alleviation and development into the overall national development plan. With the economic and social development, China has continuously promoted the theoretical innovation, policy innovation and institutional innovation with the development of economy and society, with the evolution and practical experience of the process of poverty alleviation. The summary continuously perfected the national poverty alleviation strategy and policy system, successfully walked out of a main way to promote the economic development as a driving force, to enhance the self-development ability of the poor population, to adhere to the combination of government leading and social participation, the combination of poverty alleviation and regional development, and the universal policy of "three rural" and the preferential poverty alleviation policy. Under the joint role of the sustained and rapid growth of the national economy and a series of fair development policies and the national special aid for poverty development plan, more than 600 million rural population has been lifted out of poverty, which has made China the earliest to realize the Millennium Development of the United Nations in the world. Developing countries to reduce the goal of poverty alleviation have made great contributions to the cause of poverty reduction in the world. China's rural poverty alleviation and development has been highly concerned by domestic and international scholars and international organizations, and has achieved many practical theoretical results. These achievements are mainly focused on economic, sociological, or more meticulous concentration. The problem of distribution, human capital and other specific fields, however, it is still a lack of theoretical circles to focus on the strategic height of China's rural poverty alleviation and development. This article uses the unification of history and logic, literature review, systematic analysis and interdisciplinary research methods, from the perspective of Marx's Theory of sinicization and combed strategically and highly systematically. To summarize and summarize the policies and practical experiences of the rural poverty alleviation and development in China, and to put forward the practical guiding policy suggestions on the further improvement of the poverty alleviation and development strategy, in order to make contributions to the poverty alleviation and development in China's rural areas. The thesis includes the following eight parts: Chapter 1, introduction. A total of four Part: the basis and significance of the thesis, research status and development trend, research ideas and research methods as well as innovation and shortcomings. The second chapter, the formation and development of the strategy of rural poverty alleviation and development in contemporary China. This chapter analyzes and combs the theoretical basis of the supporting strategic system from three angles. It is Marx Engel. The poverty theory of Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and the leadership of the Communist Party of China, and the anti poverty theory of the international society and the international organizations, based on the national policy of poverty alleviation, based on the outline of the poverty alleviation documents, analyzed the three stages of the strategy of poverty alleviation and development from the formation, development and perfection. The third chapter is the guiding ideology of the strategy of rural poverty alleviation and development in contemporary China. This chapter expounds the strategy of poverty alleviation and development in the rural areas of contemporary China from four aspects: adhering to the strategy of precision poverty alleviation, focusing on changing the mode of economic development, strengthening the self-development ability of the object of poverty alleviation, and paying attention to the equalization of basic public service. The fourth chapter, the guiding principle of the current China rural poverty alleviation and development strategy. This chapter focuses on the analysis of the special poverty alleviation policy that China has persisted in since the reform and opening up, and analyzes the "subsistence" system arrangement of the rural minimum living security system from the perspective of institutional motivation and system progress. The fifth chapter, This chapter, based on the programmatic documents, divides the current rural poverty alleviation and development strategy into five stages, and analyzes the basic problems of basic food and clothing in these stages, enlarging the results of food and clothing, solving the problem of food and clothing, consolidating food and clothing and improving conditions, In the sixth chapter, the strategic measures of poverty alleviation and development in the rural areas of China are carried out in this chapter. The experience of this chapter on poverty alleviation strategy is carried out in this chapter. To sum up, the important measures to support the development of the strategy are four points, that is, to adhere to the combination of development type poverty alleviation and social security, to adhere to the combination of government leading and social poverty alleviation, to adhere to the combination of the poverty alleviation and regional development, and to adhere to the poverty alleviation and the inclusive rural policy. The seventh chapter is the strategy of the rural poverty alleviation and development in the contemporary China. This chapter, from three aspects: adjusting the aim mechanism of poverty alleviation and developing, reforming the use mechanism of financial poverty alleviation funds, perfecting the statistics and monitoring system of poverty alleviation and development, analyses the important guarantee for the formation of the strategy, the development and the achievement of outstanding achievements. The eighth chapter, the practical guidance of the strategy of poverty alleviation and development in the rural areas of contemporary China. The policy logic orientation of the strategy has always been the standard of reducing poverty as a standard for poverty alleviation, and placing this standard in the fundamental goal of "overall" poverty eradication of the poor. As a result of the increasing gap and the widening gap between the rich and the poor, the concept of poverty alleviation for the total poverty alleviation of the absolute poverty population does not realize the sustainability of the poverty reduction effect and the balance of development. Therefore, this chapter proposes to reexamine poverty in the development and relative angles, and pay attention to the vulnerability of poverty, to pay attention to relative poverty and to pay attention to the poverty. The four aspects of green poverty reduction and educational equity are regarded as the logical starting point of achieving the stability of poverty reduction, the sharing of the development, the sustainability and the fair development opportunities for the development of the poor areas, and hoping to convert the ideas that should be paid attention to into the policies and measures of poverty alleviation and integrate into the strategy of poverty alleviation and development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F323.8

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