本文選題：援非專(zhuān)家 + 身份困境��； 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：本研究把“個(gè)人生活”作為分析的“場(chǎng)域”,通過(guò)考察援非專(zhuān)家個(gè)人對(duì)于專(zhuān)家身份的認(rèn)知過(guò)程和角色互動(dòng),建構(gòu)起不同于傳統(tǒng)對(duì)中國(guó)援非項(xiàng)目有效性討論集中于制度分析的新的解釋路徑。本研究采用以實(shí)地觀察和訪談為資料搜集方式的定性研究方法,以中國(guó)對(duì)非援助農(nóng)業(yè)專(zhuān)家為研究對(duì)象,在中國(guó)對(duì)外關(guān)系的歷史繼承與發(fā)展的大背景下,以“身份”作為視角,從國(guó)家生產(chǎn)專(zhuān)家身份、專(zhuān)家在實(shí)地的角色遭遇、國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)外兩個(gè)空間內(nèi)的身份沖突三個(gè)層面討論了個(gè)人對(duì)于援非專(zhuān)家這一身份的認(rèn)知過(guò)程,力求揭示在援助場(chǎng)域內(nèi)的國(guó)家與個(gè)人關(guān)系,從而解釋中國(guó)對(duì)外援助的國(guó)家邏輯。在國(guó)家生產(chǎn)援非專(zhuān)家層面,國(guó)家生產(chǎn)專(zhuān)家并不是國(guó)家的獨(dú)立考慮項(xiàng)目,作為附屬問(wèn)題,國(guó)家將原本在不同技術(shù)層次的個(gè)人通過(guò)組織過(guò)程生產(chǎn)出統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的高水平“專(zhuān)家”群體,模糊了技術(shù)層面的差異性,使得國(guó)家在估計(jì)轉(zhuǎn)換國(guó)內(nèi)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)人員的群體身份難度時(shí)出現(xiàn)干擾,甚至出現(xiàn)在項(xiàng)目實(shí)施過(guò)程中規(guī)避了需要解決的政策矛盾。在個(gè)體的實(shí)踐過(guò)程中,由于國(guó)家生產(chǎn)專(zhuān)家身份的缺損性,使得在出國(guó)前被國(guó)家以制度化、儀式化建構(gòu)起來(lái)的意識(shí)形態(tài)上的國(guó)家認(rèn)同在非洲鮮活的日�；�(dòng)環(huán)境中遭遇了角色期待的矛盾,而導(dǎo)致角色認(rèn)同不得不面臨紊亂的困境。首先,中國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)在對(duì)外傳播路徑上遭遇知識(shí)重構(gòu)的缺陷,技術(shù)的平行移動(dòng)邏輯使得中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的地方性知識(shí)在遭遇全球性知識(shí)邏輯的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)喪失自我解釋的力量；其次,項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)使得專(zhuān)家的主體能動(dòng)性的發(fā)揮被制度化管理壓縮,導(dǎo)致專(zhuān)家在國(guó)內(nèi)已形成的認(rèn)知框架下的中國(guó)本土經(jīng)驗(yàn)無(wú)法在當(dāng)?shù)匚幕蜕鐣?huì)價(jià)值下進(jìn)行深耕,缺乏制度性權(quán)力支持。在身份的空間轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中,專(zhuān)家既呈現(xiàn)為一種身份,也體現(xiàn)為一種職業(yè)。一方面,個(gè)體為獲取專(zhuān)家身份不得不犧牲在日常生活中的角色輪換自由；另一方面,缺乏職業(yè)發(fā)展期待,甚至對(duì)職業(yè)角色認(rèn)同造成紊亂,角色的不安全性等因素削弱了專(zhuān)家個(gè)人對(duì)職業(yè)化專(zhuān)家的認(rèn)同。所以,在面臨如此復(fù)雜的角色轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)境,在沒(méi)有真正的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的關(guān)于專(zhuān)家角色的規(guī)定下,個(gè)人只能靠習(xí)慣性的感覺(jué)與判定去捕捉角色期待,這就意味著專(zhuān)家的角色轉(zhuǎn)換處于一個(gè)相對(duì)的弱環(huán)境,而對(duì)于專(zhuān)家身份的認(rèn)同表現(xiàn)為一種弱認(rèn)同。本研究的結(jié)論是專(zhuān)家個(gè)人是國(guó)家的技術(shù)型代言人,作為國(guó)家中的個(gè)人,在以國(guó)家為主導(dǎo)的社會(huì)動(dòng)員能力和以民族國(guó)家為核心的集體認(rèn)同下,其對(duì)于對(duì)外關(guān)系的認(rèn)知是建立在國(guó)家對(duì)外關(guān)系的價(jià)值基礎(chǔ)之上的。專(zhuān)家的身份困境源自于國(guó)內(nèi)官僚制度和單位組織化管理與被改造的碎片化的發(fā)展實(shí)踐之間的矛盾,這在一定程度上弱化了中國(guó)援非項(xiàng)目的有效性。
[Abstract]:This study regards "personal life" as the "field" of analysis, and examines the cognitive process and role interaction of non-expert individuals on the identity of experts. Different from the traditional discussion on the effectiveness of China's aid projects in Africa, a new approach to explain the effectiveness of aid projects in China has been constructed and focused on institutional analysis. This study adopts the qualitative research method which takes the field observation and interview as the data collection method, takes the Chinese agricultural aid expert as the research object, under the background of the historical inheritance and development of China's foreign relations, takes the "identity" as the visual angle. In terms of the status of national production experts, the role of experts in the field, and the identity conflict in two spaces at home and abroad, this paper discusses the process of individual cognition of the identity of non-experts in aid. It tries to reveal the relationship between state and individual in the aid field, so as to explain the national logic of China's foreign aid. At the level of non-experts in national production assistance, national production experts are not independent projects of national consideration, as subsidiary issues, The state has created a unified and standardized "expert" group of individuals at different technical levels by organizing the process, thus blurring the differences in technology. It makes the government interfere in estimating the difficulty of transforming the identity of agricultural technicians in China, and even avoid the policy contradiction that needs to be solved in the process of project implementation. In the process of individual practice, because of the defect of the identity of the national production expert, it was institutionalized by the state before going abroad. The ideological national identity constructed by ritualization encounters the contradiction of role expectation in the fresh daily interaction environment in Africa, which leads to the dilemma of role identity having to face disorder. Firstly, China's agricultural technology encounters the defects of knowledge reconstruction in the path of external communication, and the parallel moving logic of technology makes the local knowledge of Chinese agricultural technology lose the power of self-explanation when it encounters the power structure of global knowledge logic. Secondly, the project design makes the exertion of the main body's initiative of the experts compressed by the system management, resulting in the experts' native experience in the domestic cognitive framework can not be deeply cultivated under the local culture and social value. Lack of institutional power support. In the process of spatial transformation of identity, experts present a kind of identity as well as a profession. On the one hand, individuals have to sacrifice their freedom of role rotation in daily life in order to gain expert status; on the other hand, they lack expectation of career development and even cause confusion to professional role identity. The role insecurity and other factors weaken the individual experts' recognition of professional experts. So, in the face of such a complex role transition environment, without truly standardized rules on expert roles, individuals can only rely on habitual feeling and judgment to capture role expectations. This means that the role transition of experts is in a relatively weak environment, and the identity of experts is a weak identity. The conclusion of this study is that the expert individual is the technical spokesman of the country, and as an individual in the country, under the state-led social mobilization ability and the collective identity with the nation-state as the core, Its understanding of foreign relations is based on the value of the country's foreign relations. The dilemma of experts' identity originates from the contradiction between the domestic bureaucratic system and the organizational management of the unit and the fragmented development practice, which to some extent weakens the effectiveness of China's aid projects to Africa.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F125;F323
，

本文編號(hào)：1866900