本文選題：非認(rèn)知能力 + 勞動(dòng)力市場　； 參考：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)下我們所面臨的是一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展更加快速、技術(shù)變革更加頻繁、合作溝通更加密切、工作節(jié)奏更加高強(qiáng)度的時(shí)代,僅僅具有高認(rèn)知能力已不再是獲得勞動(dòng)力市場成功的充分條件,諸如堅(jiān)毅、專注、成就動(dòng)機(jī)等非認(rèn)知能力正在扮演越來越重要的角色。遺憾的是,過去國內(nèi)外的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家在討論能力對(duì)勞動(dòng)者收入的影響作用時(shí),多數(shù)將主要精力放在了認(rèn)知能力上,而忽視了非認(rèn)知能力的重要影響。尤其是國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界,有關(guān)非認(rèn)知能力的實(shí)證研究幾近空白�；谏鲜霈F(xiàn)實(shí)和理論背景,本文的工作主要旨在回答以下兩個(gè)問題:第一,非認(rèn)知能力對(duì)勞動(dòng)者收入存在怎樣的影響,作用機(jī)制和影響強(qiáng)度如何?第二,是什么原因?qū)е铝瞬煌膭趧?dòng)者之間在非認(rèn)知能力方面存在差異?本文的主要研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)論包括以下四個(gè)部分:首先,基于相關(guān)理論和現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn),從間接機(jī)制(職業(yè)選擇)和直接機(jī)制(工資收入)兩條路徑就非認(rèn)知能力影響勞動(dòng)者收入的作用機(jī)制進(jìn)行理論分析和探討。其次,利用2014年中國家庭追蹤調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)(CFPS)就非認(rèn)知能力影響勞動(dòng)者的職業(yè)選擇(間接機(jī)制)進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示,非認(rèn)知能力對(duì)勞動(dòng)者進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場之后的職業(yè)選擇影響顯著,非認(rèn)知能力越優(yōu)秀的勞動(dòng)者普遍擁有更大的機(jī)會(huì)進(jìn)入到相對(duì)更好的職業(yè)類別(包括成為“白領(lǐng)”職業(yè)從事者),從而獲得更高的收入回報(bào)。同時(shí),我們發(fā)現(xiàn),認(rèn)知能力可能僅對(duì)那些需要復(fù)雜腦力勞動(dòng)的專業(yè)技術(shù)性工作影響顯著,非認(rèn)知能力則對(duì)更多的職業(yè)類別存在更廣泛的影響作用,而不論工作內(nèi)容是否復(fù)雜。再次,結(jié)合使用2012年和2014年中國家庭追蹤調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)(CFPS)就非認(rèn)知能力影響勞動(dòng)者的工資收入(直接機(jī)制)進(jìn)行實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示,非認(rèn)知能力對(duì)我國勞動(dòng)者的工資收入存在顯著的促進(jìn)作用,即非認(rèn)知能力更優(yōu)秀的勞動(dòng)者普遍獲得了更高的工資回報(bào)。本文非認(rèn)知能力的加總指標(biāo)結(jié)果更顯示,非認(rèn)知能力對(duì)于勞動(dòng)者工資收入的影響作用接近于傳統(tǒng)人力資本的關(guān)注核心——教育年限,而對(duì)工資差異的解釋力甚至超過了教育年限。此外,我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)非認(rèn)知能力對(duì)勞動(dòng)者工資收入的影響存在明顯的性別差異。具體而言,情緒穩(wěn)定性和宜人性對(duì)于女性勞動(dòng)者可能更為重要,而盡責(zé)性則是男性勞動(dòng)者更應(yīng)該具備的。最后,基于2014年中國綜合社會(huì)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)(CGSS)就家庭背景、非認(rèn)知能力和勞動(dòng)者收入三者之間的關(guān)系展開實(shí)證分析。結(jié)果顯示,青少年時(shí)期的家庭背景和環(huán)境對(duì)子代非認(rèn)知能力的形成具有重要影響,尤其是父親的教育年限。同時(shí),本文更有意義的發(fā)現(xiàn)在于,非認(rèn)知能力是家庭背景影響子代收入水平的一種中間機(jī)制,即家庭背景在一定程度上通過影響非認(rèn)知能力進(jìn)而間接地影響著子代的收入水平。具體而言,家庭背景更好的子代傾向于擁有更強(qiáng)的非認(rèn)知能力,而相對(duì)優(yōu)秀的非認(rèn)知能力又在勞動(dòng)力市場上為他們帶來了更高的收入回報(bào)。基于上述理論和實(shí)證分析結(jié)果,本文還針對(duì)性地提出了相應(yīng)的政策建議,旨在全面提高我國勞動(dòng)者的非認(rèn)知能力,從而進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)他們在勞動(dòng)力市場的核心競爭力。
[Abstract]:At the moment, what we are facing is an era of faster economic development, more frequent technological change, more close communication and more intense work rhythm. Only high cognitive ability is no longer the sufficient condition for the success of the labor market. The non cognitive ability, such as perseverance, special note and achievement motivation, is playing a more and more important role. It is an important role. Unfortunately, when economists at home and abroad discuss the impact of ability on workers' income, most of them focus on cognitive ability and ignore the important influence of non cognitive ability. Especially in domestic economic circles, the empirical research on non cognitive energy is almost blank. The main purpose of this paper is to answer the following two questions: first, what is the effect of non cognitive ability on workers' income, the mechanism of action and the intensity of influence? Second, what are the reasons that lead to differences in non cognitive abilities among different workers? The main contents and conclusions of this paper include The next four parts: first, based on the relevant theory and the existing literature, the mechanism of the effect of non cognitive ability on workers' income is theoretically analyzed and discussed from two paths of indirect mechanism (career choice) and direct mechanism (wage income). Secondly, the non cognitive ability to influence workers on the 2014 Chinese home tracking survey data (CFPS) is used. The results show that the non cognitive ability has a significant impact on the job selection after the workers enter the labor market, and the better workers with non cognitive ability generally have greater opportunities to enter a better career category (including the "white-collar" professional). At the same time, we found that cognitive ability may have a significant impact on professional and technical work that requires complex mental labour, while non cognitive abilities have a broader impact on more occupational categories, regardless of the complexity of the work. Again, the Chinese family tracking survey in 2012 and 2014 The data (CFPS) carries out an empirical test on the wage income (direct mechanism) of the non cognitive ability. The results show that the non cognitive ability has a significant effect on the wage income of the workers in China, that is, the workers with better non cognitive ability generally gain higher salary returns. Moreover, the effect of non cognitive ability on wage income of workers is close to the core of traditional human capital - education years, and the explanatory power of wage differentials is even more than the years of education. In addition, we also find that there is a significant gender difference in the effect of non cognitive ability on wage income. Emotional stability and agreeableness may be more important for female workers, and due diligence is more important for male workers. Finally, based on the Chinese comprehensive social survey data (CGSS) in 2014, an empirical analysis of the family background, non cognitive ability and the relationship between the three workers' income is carried out. The background and environment have an important influence on the formation of the non cognitive ability of the offspring, especially the year of the father's education. At the same time, the more meaningful discovery in this paper is that the non cognitive ability is a middle mechanism of family background affecting the income level of the offspring, that is, the family background is indirectly influenced by the influence of non cognitive ability in a certain range. The income level of the offspring. In particular, the better family background is inclined to have a stronger non cognitive ability, and the relatively good non cognitive ability brings them higher income in the labor market. Based on the above theory and the empirical analysis, this paper also puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions. In order to further enhance the non cognitive ability of workers in China, we can further enhance their core competitiveness in the labor market.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F249.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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