本文選題：拉美微型金融　切入點(diǎn)：小額信貸　出處：《北京外國(guó)語大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：微型金融在上世紀(jì)70年代發(fā)展中國(guó)家中誕生。具體而言第一個(gè)小額信貸方案是由穆罕默德·尤努斯(孟加拉鄉(xiāng)村銀行創(chuàng)始人)在孟加拉國(guó)和安信永(ACCION International)的志愿者在巴西同時(shí)發(fā)起。這些計(jì)劃的最初目的是為了通過給予小額信貸支持,幫助那些低收入群體積累一定的資本去建立自己的企業(yè),使他們可以獲得并積累一定投資利潤(rùn),從而打破貧困對(duì)他們的惡性循環(huán)。微型金融學(xué)中的扶貧視角由此產(chǎn)生。目前,微型金融由于其較大的發(fā)展規(guī)模無論是在拉丁美洲還是世界上其他國(guó)家都已形成一個(gè)產(chǎn)業(yè)。尤其是在拉美地區(qū),微型金融有著較高的利率水平和較強(qiáng)的商業(yè)取向。越來越多的微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)似乎更加偏向于關(guān)注其金融效率及可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。因?yàn)樗鼈円庾R(shí)到了只有實(shí)現(xiàn)資金自足才能更好地發(fā)揮它們?cè)谏鐣?huì)價(jià)值方面的作用, 所謂資金自足是指微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)從經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)運(yùn)營(yíng)中產(chǎn)生的收入可以覆蓋所有的支出。本文共分為五章：第一章,簡(jiǎn)要介紹了課題的研究背景,選題原因,文獻(xiàn)綜述以及該論文采用的研究方法。第二章首先對(duì)微型金融及其在拉美主要的金融產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的定論,其次對(duì)微型金融學(xué)中兩個(gè)研究維度的具體內(nèi)容做了詳細(xì)介紹,最后梳理了微型金融在拉美的出現(xiàn)及發(fā)展進(jìn)程。第三章以微型金融對(duì)社會(huì)的價(jià)值和意義為視角,詳細(xì)分析了該產(chǎn)業(yè)在拉美的現(xiàn)狀與規(guī)模,微型產(chǎn)品對(duì)該地區(qū)貧困群體的影響方面。本章最后分別以在墨西哥和秘魯推出的一些小額貸款計(jì)劃為典例,就其對(duì)小微企業(yè)和低收入群體家庭及個(gè)人等方面的影響做了具體評(píng)價(jià)。第四章主要是圍繞微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)的金融效率方面展開研究,提出了可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念,并指出機(jī)構(gòu)在財(cái)務(wù)方面可持續(xù)性的重要性。同時(shí)提到拉美地區(qū)普遍存在的高額貸款利率現(xiàn)象有悖于微型金融的社會(huì)扶貧宗旨,接著文章對(duì)影響利率的企業(yè)內(nèi)部因素進(jìn)行了具體分析,并試圖從中找出既可以降低利率,又不影響微型金融機(jī)構(gòu)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的解決辦法。本章最后研究了政府公共政策對(duì)微型金融產(chǎn)業(yè)及小額信貸活動(dòng)的作用及影響。第五章為本文的結(jié)論,微型金融自誕生以來一直肩負(fù)著改善貧困群體生活現(xiàn)狀的重任,其大部分信貸計(jì)劃是建立在政府補(bǔ)貼和社會(huì)捐助基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)施的。但是隨著該產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,很多微型機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)單靠政府有限的資源是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足大部分貧困群體的資金需求,它們必須通過實(shí)現(xiàn)資金自足及發(fā)展可持續(xù)性的信貸計(jì)劃才能達(dá)到長(zhǎng)期可持續(xù)性發(fā)展,從而增加其對(duì)貧困群體服務(wù)的覆蓋率。
[Abstract]:Microfinance was born in developing countries in the 1970s. Specifically, the first microcredit program was a volunteer by Mohamed Yunus, founder of Grameen Bank of Bangladesh, in Bangladesh and Anshun Yongnon ACCION International. Also launched in Brazil. The original purpose of these programs was to support microcredit, Helping low-income groups accumulate capital to set up their own businesses, so that they can make and accumulate certain investment profits, thus breaking the vicious circle of poverty against them. Microfinance has become an industry in Latin America and the rest of the world due to its large scale of development, especially in the Latin American region. Microfinance has higher interest rates and a stronger business orientation. More and more microfinance institutions seem to be more inclined to focus on their financial efficiency and sustainability. In order to play a better role in social value, the so-called financial self-sufficiency means that the income generated by micro-financial institutions from the operation of economic activities can cover all expenditures. This paper is divided into five chapters: chapter one, This paper briefly introduces the research background, the reason of selecting the topic, the literature review and the research methods adopted in this paper. Chapter two gives a detailed conclusion on the microfinance and its main financial products in Latin America. Secondly, it introduces the specific contents of the two dimensions of microfinance, and finally combs the emergence and development process of microfinance in Latin America. Chapter three takes the value and significance of microfinance as the perspective. The current situation and scale of the industry in Latin America and the impact of microproducts on the poor groups in the region are analyzed in detail. At the end of this chapter, some microfinance schemes launched in Mexico and Peru are taken as examples, respectively. The fourth chapter mainly focuses on the financial efficiency of microfinance institutions and puts forward the concept of sustainable development. Noting also the importance of institutional financial sustainability, and noting that the high lending rates prevailing in the Latin American region run counter to the aim of social poverty alleviation in microfinance, Then the article analyzes the internal factors that influence the interest rate, and tries to find out that the interest rate can be reduced. Finally, this chapter studies the effect and influence of government public policy on microfinance industry and microfinance activities. Chapter 5 is the conclusion of this paper. Microfinance has been responsible for improving the lives of poor people since its inception. Most of its credit programs are based on government subsidies and social donations. But as the industry develops, Many microinstitutions have found that the limited resources of governments alone are far from meeting the financial needs of most poor groups and that they must achieve long-term sustainability through self-financing and sustainable credit schemes. Thus increasing its coverage of services to poor groups.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F831.2
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本文編號(hào)：1649304