本文選題：全球價值鏈　切入點：加工貿(mào)易　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟全球化的深入發(fā)展,產(chǎn)品分工形式呈現(xiàn)國際分布化、工序離散化、協(xié)作一體化的特點,價值鏈的不同環(huán)節(jié)在全球范圍內(nèi)重新分工布局,形成了全球價值鏈。改革開放以來,我國順應價值鏈全球布局的大趨勢,發(fā)揮勞動力成本優(yōu)勢,采取加工貿(mào)易政策,承接了世界生產(chǎn)和制造中心向中國的轉(zhuǎn)移,取得了跨越式的發(fā)展,為國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻。但后金融危機時代,歐美等發(fā)達國家經(jīng)濟復蘇緩慢,外需不斷萎縮,國內(nèi)要素成本不斷提升,產(chǎn)業(yè)和訂單向外轉(zhuǎn)移加快,我國加工貿(mào)易發(fā)展面臨極大挑戰(zhàn)。與此同時,歐美等國家重新認識到制造業(yè)的重要性,美國提出“先進制造業(yè)伙伴計劃”、德國啟動“工業(yè)4.0”,我國也啟動了《中國制造2025》的戰(zhàn)略。轉(zhuǎn)型升級成為我國加工貿(mào)易的必然選擇,基于全球價值鏈的我國加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級是理論界亟需研究的問題。運用國際分工理論和價值鏈理論現(xiàn)有研究成果,將我國加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級納入全球價值鏈轉(zhuǎn)型升級的系統(tǒng)中,以全球價值鏈轉(zhuǎn)型升級、產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級、人力資本、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等理論為基礎(chǔ),在發(fā)現(xiàn)我國加工貿(mào)易貧困化增長,全球價值鏈經(jīng)濟租微笑曲線沉降的基礎(chǔ)上,提出我國加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級的目標是獲得卓越經(jīng)濟租,其過程始于提高與全球價值鏈領(lǐng)導廠商、上游供應廠商知識共享能力,將人力成本、產(chǎn)業(yè)配套能力、研發(fā)投入、政策體系作為影響加工貿(mào)易裝升級的關(guān)鍵要素,將它們置于同一系統(tǒng)中,并演繹出作用框架,研究其作用的機制、路徑。將國際上貧困化評價標準引入我國加工貿(mào)易指數(shù)評價中,采用帕氏指數(shù)對加工貿(mào)易進出口價格指數(shù)進行計算,并引入垂直分工度對貿(mào)易條件指數(shù)進行修正,探索我國加工貿(mào)易條件呈現(xiàn)惡化趨勢的結(jié)構(gòu)性原因。在此基礎(chǔ)上通過國際市場對我國出口產(chǎn)品的需求價格彈性、出口商品在全球市場份額、加工貿(mào)易對國民經(jīng)濟增長的貢獻度等,實證我國加工貿(mào)易表現(xiàn)出的“貧困化”增長趨勢。對加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級機制進行研究,提出全球價值鏈廠商之間的知識轉(zhuǎn)移成為轉(zhuǎn)型升級的內(nèi)在作用機制,勞動力要素機制、產(chǎn)業(yè)配套環(huán)境要素機制、政策環(huán)境要素機制為轉(zhuǎn)型升級的外在作用機制,并在機制研究的基礎(chǔ)上研究我國加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級的路徑。運用問卷調(diào)查法、訪談法對實證數(shù)進行收集和分析以及假設(shè)驗證,并經(jīng)過對所選取的樣本進行描述性統(tǒng)計分析,最后運用PLS路徑模型方法進行路徑模型的運算,得到各項要素對加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級影響的路徑系數(shù),探索它們影響的內(nèi)在機理。通過實證研究可以看出,我國加工貿(mào)易的轉(zhuǎn)型升級過于依賴政策,不符合全球價值鏈系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)型升級內(nèi)生力量的增長規(guī)律。勞動力要素對轉(zhuǎn)型升級的影響微弱未通過驗證,是非決定性的要素。目前我國的勞動力素質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀是雖然學歷有所提高,但硬性的學歷無法反映真實的勞動力素質(zhì),制約轉(zhuǎn)型升級的更多是勞動力的技術(shù)。產(chǎn)業(yè)配套能力、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新平臺對我國加工貿(mào)易轉(zhuǎn)型升級的影響越居勞動力之前,一方面說明我國加工貿(mào)易產(chǎn)業(yè)配套能力有明顯的提高;另一方面加工貿(mào)易企業(yè)及其主管部門應該轉(zhuǎn)變觀念,改變配套能力置后于勞動力要素的傳統(tǒng)理念。最后,勞動力要素、技術(shù)創(chuàng)新平臺水平、產(chǎn)業(yè)配套水平都對知識共享有明顯直接影響,而對獲得經(jīng)濟租的影響不直接,因此證明我國加工貿(mào)易要想獲得卓越經(jīng)濟租應該從提高企業(yè)參與全球價值鏈的知識共享能力入手。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, the international division of labor form product distribution process, discrete characteristics of cooperative integration, different value chain re division of the layout in the global scope, formed the global value chain. Since the reform and opening up, the trend of China conform to the value chain of the global layout, give full play to the advantages of labor costs, take the processing trade policy, to undertake the transfer of world production and manufacturing center to Chinese, has achieved leapfrog development, has made an important contribution to the development of the national economy. But after the financial crisis, Europe and other developed countries the slow economic recovery, shrinking external demand, domestic factor costs rising, industry and accelerate the development of the outward transfer order. China's processing trade is facing great challenges. At the same time, Europe and other countries to recognize the importance of the manufacturing industry, the United States put forward the "advanced manufacturing Partnership Program "Germany launched the industrial 4, China has also launched a" China 2025> manufacturing strategy. Transformation and upgrading has become the inevitable choice of China's processing trade, China's processing trade transformation and upgrading based on global value chain theory is the urgent problem. The use of the international division of labor theory and value chain theory of existing research results. The upgrading of processing trade in China into the system of global value chain upgrading in the global value chain upgrade, industrial restructuring and upgrading, human capital, technology innovation theory, found in China's processing trade immiserizing growth, the global value chain of economic rent based on the settlement of the smile curve, made in China the transformation and upgrading of processing trade of the goal is to obtain excellent economic rent, the process begins with improving and leading manufacturers of global value chain, upstream suppliers knowledge sharing capability, human cost, industrial matching ability. Send input, key elements of policy system as the impact of processing trade with the upgrade, they will be placed in the same system, and deduce the function framework, path mechanism, study its role. Put the international poverty evaluation standards into evaluation index of China's processing trade, using Passche on processing trade import and export price index are calculated, and the introduction of vertical specialization degree on the terms of trade index is modified, explore the structural causes of China's processing trade conditions are worsening. On the basis of the international market on the demand price elasticity of China's export products, export commodities in the global market share of processing trade on the economic growth contribution, empirical China's processing trade show the immiserizing growth trend. The mechanism of transformation and upgrading of processing trade, the global value chain of knowledge transfer has become the manufacturers The inherent mechanism of transformation and upgrading, labor mechanism, industry environmental factors mechanism, policy mechanism for the external environment factors the mechanism of transformation and upgrading, and the basic path in the mechanism study on upgrading of processing trade in China. By using the method of questionnaire investigation, interview collection and analysis and hypothesis verification on the empirical number. And through the descriptive statistical analysis of the sample, the path model using PLS path model algorithm, get the path coefficient of each factor effect on the upgrading of processing trade transformation, the internal mechanism to explore their effects. Through empirical research we can see that the transformation and upgrading of processing trade in China is too dependent on the policy, does not meet the transformation the growth law of endogenous power system upgrading in global value chain. The labor factor influence on the transformation and upgrading of the weak is not verified, is not The decisive factors. The present situation of labor quality in our country is although degree increased, but the hard degree can not reflect the real quality of the workforce, restricting the transformation and upgrading of the labor force is more technical. The industrial supporting capacity, before the impact of technological innovation platform of China's processing trade transformation and upgrading is the highest in the labor force, one hand that industry China's processing trade supporting ability is obviously improved; on the other hand, processing trade enterprises and departments should change their ideas, change the traditional concept of labor in supporting capacity set. Finally, labor force factor, innovation platform level technology, industry level has obvious direct effect on knowledge sharing, and the impact on the economy rent not directly, so that China's processing trade to obtain excellent economic rent should improve the enterprises to participate in the global value chain of knowledge sharing ability Start with.

【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F752.68

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