本文關(guān)鍵詞： 畜產(chǎn)食品 質(zhì)量安全 監(jiān)管體系　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國是畜產(chǎn)食品生產(chǎn)和消費大國,改革開放以來,我國畜牧業(yè)得到長足發(fā)展,畜產(chǎn)食品產(chǎn)量大幅增加。近年來,我國畜產(chǎn)食品安全事故頻發(fā),畜產(chǎn)食品安全問題已越來越引起人們關(guān)注,研究畜產(chǎn)食品安全監(jiān)管體系具有重要意義。文章共分為8個部分,對美國、歐盟、日本、澳大利亞和中國在畜產(chǎn)食品安全監(jiān)管體系進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析,包括發(fā)展歷程、法律體系、保障制度等內(nèi)容,主要得出以下幾個方面的結(jié)論:第一,畜產(chǎn)食品安全監(jiān)管的本質(zhì)是以法律規(guī)范的形式促進(jìn)資源的合理配制與充分利用,對我國現(xiàn)有的畜產(chǎn)食品安全法律體系進(jìn)行頂層設(shè)計,提出核心法律與配套法律制定、銜接的統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和安排,推動《農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全法》和《食品安全法》兩法合一,盡快制定針對肉蛋乳及其相關(guān)制品的專項管理法律,對現(xiàn)行的規(guī)章制度進(jìn)行修訂,提升法律位階,有利于控制畜產(chǎn)食品安全風(fēng)險。第二,畜產(chǎn)食品安全涉及的領(lǐng)域很多,從養(yǎng)殖到生產(chǎn)到流通再到消費,很難由一個機構(gòu)管轄所有的事務(wù),我國目前主要由國家食品藥品監(jiān)督管理總局、衛(wèi)生與計劃生育委員會和農(nóng)業(yè)部共同監(jiān)管。在現(xiàn)有格局下,減少職能交叉,剝離農(nóng)業(yè)部風(fēng)險評估相關(guān)的職能,統(tǒng)一由衛(wèi)計委承擔(dān),三部門中涉及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制修訂方面的職能轉(zhuǎn)給第三方社會機構(gòu)承擔(dān),進(jìn)一步明確部門分工,加強畜產(chǎn)食品安全監(jiān)管。第三,區(qū)分技術(shù)性法規(guī)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn),構(gòu)建技術(shù)法規(guī)體系,將目前畜產(chǎn)食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系中的強制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上升為技術(shù)法規(guī),賦予其法律效力,以便于貫徹實施;保留推薦性標(biāo)準(zhǔn),做為引導(dǎo)行業(yè)達(dá)到技術(shù)性法規(guī)所要求的目標(biāo)的手段。第四,畜產(chǎn)食品安全監(jiān)管的前提是科學(xué)的風(fēng)險分析,將風(fēng)險評估的職能集中到衛(wèi)生與計劃生育委員會,實行風(fēng)險分析與風(fēng)險管理相分離,以避免部門間互相推諉,建立國家級的監(jiān)測信息平臺,共享各有關(guān)部門的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),有助于為畜產(chǎn)食品安全監(jiān)管、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定等提供科學(xué)有效的數(shù)據(jù)參考。第五,追溯體系是實現(xiàn)畜產(chǎn)食品全食品鏈信息透明、增強消費者信心的最好方式,我國畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)模化程度低,而小散戶很難實現(xiàn)各環(huán)節(jié)的有效銜接,追溯體系建設(shè)可以從扶持發(fā)展適度規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖入手,再通過稅收優(yōu)惠、政策支持、技術(shù)幫扶等形式引導(dǎo)企業(yè)參與到追溯體系建設(shè)中。第六,畜產(chǎn)食品安全監(jiān)管的最終目標(biāo)是實現(xiàn)社會共治。在相應(yīng)的畜產(chǎn)食品安全管理法律中樹立行業(yè)從業(yè)者是第一責(zé)任人的理念,加強行業(yè)自律,建立政府、企業(yè)、消費者、媒體共同參與的網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺,政府定期發(fā)布相關(guān)信息、開展培訓(xùn),引導(dǎo)媒體,保護(hù)消費者,鼓勵公眾參與到畜產(chǎn)食品安全監(jiān)管全過程,逐步形成政府監(jiān)管、行業(yè)自律、公眾參與、社會監(jiān)督的社會共治格局。
[Abstract]:China is a big country in the production and consumption of livestock food. Since the reform and opening up, animal husbandry in China has been greatly developed, and the production of animal products has increased significantly. In recent years, there have been frequent accidents of livestock food safety in China. The issue of animal food safety has attracted more and more attention. It is of great significance to study the supervision system of animal product food safety. The article is divided into eight parts, for the United States, the European Union, Japan, the United States of America, the European Union, Japan, Australia and China have carried on the systematic analysis in the animal product food safety supervision system, including the development course, the legal system, the safeguard system and so on content. The main conclusions are as follows: first, The essence of animal product food safety supervision is to promote the rational allocation and full use of resources in the form of legal norms. The top level design of the existing animal food safety legal system in China is carried out, and the core laws and supporting laws are proposed. The unified standards and arrangements that link up, promote the integration of the "Agricultural products quality Safety Law" and the "Food Safety Law", formulate as soon as possible the special management laws for meat, eggs, milk and related products, and amend the existing rules and regulations. Raising the legal rank is conducive to controlling the risks of animal food safety. Second, animal food safety involves many fields. From farming to production to circulation to consumption, it is difficult for a single organization to administer all the affairs. At present, China is mainly supervised by the State Administration of Food and Drug Administration, the Health and Family Planning Commission and the Ministry of Agriculture. Under the present situation, the functions of the Ministry of Agriculture are reduced, the functions related to risk assessment of the Ministry of Agriculture are stripped off, and the Health and Family Planning Commission is unified. The functions of the three departments involved in the revision of the standard system are transferred to the third party social organizations to further clarify the division of labor and strengthen the supervision of animal production and food safety. Third, to distinguish technical regulations and standards, and to build a system of technical laws and regulations. Raise the mandatory standards in the current livestock food standard system to technical regulations and give them legal effect to facilitate their implementation; retain the recommended standards as a means to guide the industry to achieve the objectives required by the technical regulations. 4th, The premise of animal production food safety supervision is scientific risk analysis. The function of risk assessment is centralized to the Health and Family Planning Commission, and risk analysis and risk management are separated so as to avoid shirking responsibility among departments. The establishment of a national monitoring information platform and the sharing of monitoring data from all relevant departments will contribute to providing a scientific and effective data reference for animal production food safety supervision and standard formulation. 5th, The traceability system is the best way to realize the transparency of the information in the whole food chain of livestock products and enhance the confidence of consumers. The development of animal husbandry in China is of low scale, and it is difficult for small retail investors to effectively link up with each other. The construction of the traceability system can start with supporting the development of moderate scale aquaculture, and then guide enterprises to participate in the construction of the traceability system through tax preference, policy support, technical assistance and so on. 6th, The ultimate goal of animal product food safety supervision is to realize social co-administration. In the corresponding animal product food safety management law, we should set up the idea that industry practitioners are the first responsible person, strengthen industry self-discipline, establish government, enterprises, consumers, The government regularly publishes relevant information, conducts training, guides the media, protects consumers, encourages the public to participate in the whole process of animal food safety supervision, and gradually forms government supervision, industry self-discipline, and public participation. The pattern of social co-governance under social supervision.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F322
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本文編號：1545074