本文關(guān)鍵詞： 俄羅斯 市場化 民主化 國家 市場 社會　出處：《遼寧大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在傳統(tǒng)的計(jì)劃模式下,國家完全掌控社會資源,把市場和社會納入到國家統(tǒng)治之內(nèi)。社會運(yùn)行僵化、呆滯,正式的統(tǒng)一的市場形同虛設(shè),黑市盛行。市場經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下,國家與市場、社會的關(guān)系被重塑,國家要為市場主體和社會主體留出自主決策的權(quán)能和空間。因此,市場化民主化的轉(zhuǎn)型,從本質(zhì)上來講,就是重構(gòu)國家與市場、國家與社會之間的關(guān)系。體現(xiàn)了國家行動體從控制向治理策略的轉(zhuǎn)化。這些變化和發(fā)展也可以歸結(jié)為人類行為與社會制度交互作用的結(jié)果,是人類社會從傳統(tǒng)向現(xiàn)代不斷轉(zhuǎn)化的歷史過程。發(fā)生于20世紀(jì)80年代末90年代初的俄羅斯市場化民主化轉(zhuǎn)型,是由原來的高度集權(quán)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制向自由選擇的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)軌。在本質(zhì)上就是重構(gòu)國家與社會、國家與市場之間的關(guān)系。縱觀俄羅斯轉(zhuǎn)軌進(jìn)程,會發(fā)現(xiàn)從國家主義取向、自由市場取向再到社會權(quán)利取向,俄羅斯國家、市場與社會關(guān)系不斷調(diào)整與重構(gòu),出現(xiàn)階段性的結(jié)構(gòu)性失衡,始終未能實(shí)現(xiàn)三者關(guān)系的有機(jī)協(xié)調(diào),市場化與民主化相互并行而又充滿沖突與矛盾,這一過程在本質(zhì)上是國家、市場和社會之間合作與博弈關(guān)系的反映。國家、市場和社會是維系治理秩序、推進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的三大治理機(jī)制,各自具有優(yōu)勢和不足,只有綜合利用這三種機(jī)制,使之優(yōu)勢互補(bǔ)、動態(tài)協(xié)調(diào),才能促進(jìn)秩序穩(wěn)定和持久繁榮。本文通過對俄羅斯市場化民主化轉(zhuǎn)軌過程的梳理,綜合經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、政治學(xué)和社會學(xué)理論,分析俄羅斯市場化民主化轉(zhuǎn)型過程中國家、市場與社會關(guān)系的變化與作用,并運(yùn)用比較研究的方法詳細(xì)分析了俄羅斯轉(zhuǎn)型進(jìn)程中不同階段國家權(quán)力、市場資本以及社會力量的格局、特征與相互作用的內(nèi)容機(jī)理及產(chǎn)生效果。論文共分為8章,第1章為緒論,第2到7章為論文主體部分,第8章為論文的前景展望及結(jié)論部分。主要內(nèi)容如下：第1章是緒論。主要介紹論文的研究背景及意義、文獻(xiàn)綜述及評價(jià)、研究思路及方法、創(chuàng)新及不足。第2章以國家主義理論、新自由主義理論、公民社會理論、市場失靈理論、和政府失靈理論為基礎(chǔ),從國家、市場、社會三者關(guān)系的角度闡述并界定了國家、市場和社會的本質(zhì)內(nèi)涵。第3章基于國家與市場的關(guān)系,國家與社會的關(guān)系對市場化民主化轉(zhuǎn)型給予一般性的理論解釋,為俄羅斯市場化民主化轉(zhuǎn)型道路的選擇構(gòu)建理論分析框架。第4章梳理俄羅斯市場化民主化轉(zhuǎn)型的階段性歷程。前蘇聯(lián)的計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)是一種國家占絕對優(yōu)的政府統(tǒng)制經(jīng)濟(jì),有國家、無市場、無社會,國家“脫嵌”于社會,三種社會資源配置機(jī)制的結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)重失衡。轉(zhuǎn)型之初,遵照“華盛頓共識”的要求,弱化國家職能,市場“脫嵌”于社會,國家、市場和社會之間進(jìn)入新的結(jié)構(gòu)性失衡。葉利欽中后期,國家與資本形成合流,極大地?fù)p害了社會的利益；而普京時(shí)代則通過國家打壓市場寡頭資本,政策利益向社會傾斜。第5章分析俄羅斯市場化轉(zhuǎn)型中的國家與市場關(guān)系。從轉(zhuǎn)型初期市場至上主義下國家的弱化虛無,到葉利欽中后期國家權(quán)力與資本的勾結(jié),再到普京任期國家主導(dǎo)下的市場發(fā)展模式。論述分析不同階段國家力量與市場力量的變化與相互作用及其轉(zhuǎn)型效果。最后提出了構(gòu)建保護(hù)市場秩序的國家定位。第6章分析俄羅斯民主化轉(zhuǎn)型中的國家與社會關(guān)系。俄羅斯轉(zhuǎn)型前社會結(jié)構(gòu)變遷引致民主化轉(zhuǎn)型,民主化轉(zhuǎn)型致使社會結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步分化。從轉(zhuǎn)型不同階段中的國家與社會關(guān)系來看,葉利欽時(shí)代“親市場”的策略選擇造成社會階層結(jié)構(gòu)深刻調(diào)整,社會貧富分化嚴(yán)重。普京實(shí)施社會取向的國家主義政策,社會相對穩(wěn)定,公民社會的日益成熟深化民主化轉(zhuǎn)型,對市場效率改善有所制約和影響。最后提出了構(gòu)建保障社會公正的國家定位。第7章分析俄羅斯轉(zhuǎn)型面臨的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境,并回答關(guān)于下一步轉(zhuǎn)型向何處去的問題,在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了結(jié)構(gòu)化協(xié)調(diào)的觀點(diǎn)和相關(guān)條件。俄羅斯轉(zhuǎn)型的困境表現(xiàn)為國家與市場、社會關(guān)系的結(jié)構(gòu)性失衡,實(shí)際上是民主化與市場化的內(nèi)在矛盾所形成的轉(zhuǎn)型怪圈,找到俄羅斯國家與市場、社會之間“動態(tài)平衡”的模式至關(guān)重要。從理論上基于國家與市場、社會關(guān)系的路徑分析俄羅斯下一階段的轉(zhuǎn)型有三種可能性,指出最有可能走向具有俄羅斯特色的國家與市場、社會動態(tài)平衡狀態(tài)。從俄羅斯市場化民主化轉(zhuǎn)型中國家與市場、社會關(guān)系協(xié)調(diào)演進(jìn)的視角,提出了結(jié)構(gòu)化協(xié)調(diào)的分析框架。這一分析框架包括宏觀的制度協(xié)調(diào)、中觀的組織協(xié)調(diào)、微觀的策略協(xié)調(diào)。宏觀制度協(xié)調(diào)是一種靜態(tài)、穩(wěn)態(tài)的協(xié)調(diào),即使微觀策略有所失誤,也不會影響穩(wěn)態(tài)協(xié)調(diào),但如果宏觀體制不協(xié)調(diào),則策略協(xié)調(diào)也不具有長遠(yuǎn)穩(wěn)定性。而中觀的社會組織與個(gè)體協(xié)調(diào),則是制度協(xié)調(diào)的基礎(chǔ),它決定了策略和制度協(xié)調(diào)能否發(fā)揮作用以及作用效果程度。第8章在開放經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下對整個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)型國家的市場化民主化實(shí)踐進(jìn)行反思。指出了轉(zhuǎn)型國家在融入世界經(jīng)濟(jì)過程中面臨著國內(nèi)與國際“雙重民主化”的現(xiàn)實(shí)矛盾。尤其是對金融危機(jī)中國家、市場和社會的關(guān)系進(jìn)行深入論述。隨著資本的全球化配置,市場的控制力量開始影響國家和社會功能的發(fā)揮。包括俄羅斯在內(nèi)的市場化民主化轉(zhuǎn)型國家的一些經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),對于我國當(dāng)前市場經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的完善和民主政治的發(fā)展存在有價(jià)值的啟示。最后對中國轉(zhuǎn)型和國家與市場、社會關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析論述與前景展望。
[Abstract]:In the traditional plan mode, the national total control of social resources, the market and society into the national rule. Social operation is dull, rigid, formal and unified market useless, black market prevails. Under the condition of market economy, the state and the market, social relations are plastic, countries to the market subject and social subject set aside the autonomous decision-making power and space. Therefore, the market transformation of democracy, in essence, is the reconstruction of the country and the market, the relationship between state and society. Embodies the national action from control to governance transformation strategy. These changes and development can also be attributed to human behavior and social interaction system the results, is a historical process of transformation from traditional to modern human society. At the end of 1980s occurred in the Russian market at the beginning of the 90s democratic transition, is the original high degree of centralization. Planning economic system to choose the transition to market economy. In essence is the reconstruction of the country and society, the relationship between the state and the market. Throughout the Russian transition process, will find the orientation from nationalism, the free market orientation to social rights orientation, the Russian state, the relationship between market and society constantly adjustment and reconstruction, structural imbalance the stage, has not been able to achieve the coordination of the relationship between the three, marketization and democratization mutually parallel and full of conflicts and contradictions, it is national in nature, between the market and the society for reflection and game relationship. The state, market and social governance is to maintain order, to promote economic and social development three the big governance mechanism, each has advantages and disadvantages, only the comprehensive utilization of these three mechanisms, the advantage is complementary, dynamic coordination, in order to promote the stability and prosperity in this paper. According to the Russian market and democratic transition process analysis, comprehensive economic, political and sociological theory, analysis of the Russian national market democratization process, change and effect relationship between market and society, and a detailed analysis of the different stages of the Russian national Ross transition power uses the method of comparative study, and the capital market the pattern of social forces, content characteristics and the mechanism of interaction and effect. This paper is divided into 8 chapters, the first chapter is the introduction, the second to the 7 chapter is the main part of the thesis, the eighth chapter is the prospect of the prospect and conclusion. The main contents are as follows: the first chapter is the introduction mainly introduces the research background and significance. This paper, literature review and evaluation, research ideas and methods, innovation and deficiencies. In the second chapter, the theories of nationalism, Neo liberalism theory, civil society theory, theory of market failure and government failure theory. On the basis, from the state, market, social relationship between the three aspects and defines the connotation of state, market and society. The third chapter is based on the relationship between the state and the market, the relationship between the state and society of market transition to explain the general theory of democracy, constructs the theoretical analysis framework for the Russian market. The choice of the road of democratic transformation process of the fourth chapter of democracy in Russia market transformation. The Soviet planned economy is an absolute advantage in the national government controlled economy, there is no market, no country, society, country "disembedding" in society, serious imbalance in the structure of three kinds of social resources allocation mechanism at the beginning of transition, in accordance with the "Washington consensus", weakening the function of the national market, "disembedding" in society, the state, market and society into the structural imbalance between the new. In the late Yeltsin, the state and capital formation As the confluence, greatly harmed the interests of society; and Putin era through the national policy to suppress the market oligopoly capital, interest to social inclination. The fifth chapter analyzes the relationship between the market and the Russian market of countries in transition. The transition from the early market first weakening country under the doctrine of nothingness, to power and capital Yeltsin in the late state of collusion then, to the market development model of the Putin presidency under the guidance of the state. Analyses the different stages of national power and market power and interaction and transition effects. Finally, the national construction location to protect the market order. The sixth chapter analyzes the relationship between the Russian Democratic Transition in Russia before the transition of country and society. The change of social structure caused by democracy the transformation of social structure, the democratic transition resulting in further differentiation. The transition from different stages in the relationship between state and society, Yeltsin Generation of "Pro market" strategy selection caused profound adjustment of social class structure, social polarization serious. Putin implemented social oriented nationalism policy, social stability, civil society is increasingly mature and deepen democratic transformation, to improve market efficiency constraints and impact. Finally put forward the construction of national security position of social justice. Seventh chapter analyzes the dilemma facing Russia's transition, and answer questions about the next step transformation of the problem of where to go, put forward on the basis of a structured view of the coordination and related conditions. Russian transition dilemma for the performance of the state and the market, the structural imbalance of social relations, is actually formed by the transition cycle of democratization and inherent contradictions the market, and the market to find the Russian state society, between the "dynamic balance" model is very important. Based on the state and the field in theory, social The relationship between the path analysis of the next phase of the transition in Russia there are three possibilities, that are most likely to market and has the characteristics of Russian national society, the dynamic equilibrium state. From the Russian market transition to democracy and market China home, social coordination development view, put forward the analysis framework of structural coordination. This analysis framework including the system of macro coordination, organization and coordination of the meso, micro macro coordination strategy. System coordination is a static, steady state coordination, even micro strategies will not affect the steady-state error, but if the system is not coordinated, macro coordination, coordination strategy does not have long-term stability. And macro social organization and individual coordination that is the foundation of system coordination, it determines the strategy and system coordination can play a role and effect degree. In the eighth chapter, under the condition of open economy on the turn To reflect market democracy practice oriented country. Points out the transformation countries in the process of integration into the world economy is facing the contradiction of domestic and international "dual democracy". Especially in the financial crisis China, deeply discusses the relationship between market and society. With the globalization of capital allocation, control power market began to affect play the national and social functions. Some experiences and lessons of market-oriented democracy including Russia, transition state, for the current market economy system in our country and the improvement of the development of democracy is of valuable enlightenment. At the end of the Chinese transformation and the state and the market, and discusses the prospect of social relations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F151.2

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