本文關(guān)鍵詞：重慶市基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)與效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 基本農(nóng)田 劃定 差別化 土壤碳增匯 效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)

【摘要】：維護(hù)國(guó)家糧食安全,保持社會(huì)穩(wěn)定,始終是我國(guó)的一個(gè)重大課題。把“飯碗”牢牢控制在自己手中,是當(dāng)前乃至以后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)時(shí)期,都須面對(duì)和解決的一個(gè)重大課題。國(guó)家為了穩(wěn)定社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,對(duì)耕地保護(hù)制定了系列相關(guān)政策,采取了系列工程、生物措施,最終為確保18億畝耕地紅線、保證糧食生產(chǎn)、實(shí)現(xiàn)全國(guó)耕地總量的動(dòng)態(tài)平衡提供有力措施。同時(shí),重慶既是糧食產(chǎn)銷(xiāo)平衡區(qū),又是南方稻作示范區(qū),還是統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)配套試驗(yàn)區(qū)。但是,重慶當(dāng)前人均常用耕地僅約0.65畝,中低山面積占全市土地總面積的75.98%,全市山地、丘陵和臺(tái)地、平壩的面積比又為76:22:2。受此復(fù)雜地形因子影響,存在土地細(xì)碎度大、耕地質(zhì)量低、生產(chǎn)條件差、糧食產(chǎn)量不高、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施不足、后備資源匱乏等問(wèn)題,值此,提高耕地質(zhì)量,增加糧食產(chǎn)能,打造基本農(nóng)田的目標(biāo)任務(wù)亟待解決。因此,本文作者帶著:基本農(nóng)田的位置在哪里?建設(shè)難度與時(shí)序又如何?可用哪些關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)去驗(yàn)證?建設(shè)后的效應(yīng)到底怎么樣?環(huán)環(huán)相扣的四個(gè)問(wèn)題。以重慶市墊江縣為例,通過(guò)采用永久性基本農(nóng)田的劃定為基礎(chǔ)→基本農(nóng)田的差別化建設(shè)為操手→近30年基本農(nóng)田的土壤碳增匯為驗(yàn)證→基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)后的綜合效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)為總結(jié)等,從多方面進(jìn)行分析研究。創(chuàng)新做好耕地保護(hù)的同時(shí),透過(guò)土壤碳(C)匯管理的視角,去研究減緩和應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候的變化。以期為重慶乃至西南山地丘陵區(qū),在下一步基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)即能做好耕地保護(hù),同時(shí)又能推進(jìn)土壤碳(C)匯管理的“雙目標(biāo)”路徑,建立合適策略提供科學(xué)依據(jù)和參考。獲取成果如下:(1)永久性基本農(nóng)劃定(1)在墊江縣基本農(nóng)田劃定的過(guò)程中,以下四個(gè)指標(biāo):灌溉保證率、降雨量、交通和農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)輻射,擁有明顯的自身優(yōu)勢(shì)。自然條件中,灌溉保證率和耕地連片性的綜合權(quán)重最大。土壤質(zhì)量中,土壤有機(jī)碳在層次分析法下權(quán)重最大。距離條件中,入選耕地受城鎮(zhèn)的輻射作用明顯、區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)突出。(2)基本農(nóng)田劃定的主要參考為:灌溉保證率耕地連片性城鎮(zhèn)的輻射土壤有機(jī)碳的重要程度。入選耕地的重點(diǎn)型、適宜型、調(diào)控型、后備型等級(jí)中,在數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì)和空間格局上,呈現(xiàn)出各自的特定差異。約束條件下的調(diào)出中,基層更多的選擇是優(yōu)勢(shì)耕地(即重點(diǎn)型和適宜型),最終劃定成果在符合政策規(guī)定的基礎(chǔ)上,其適宜型和調(diào)控型的面積比例增大,重點(diǎn)型和后備型的面積比例減小。(3)第三章節(jié)中,構(gòu)建的多目標(biāo)決策模型體系方法,適宜于西南山地丘陵區(qū)永久性基本農(nóng)田的劃定,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)“保耕地紅線、保經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)”的雙目標(biāo),為下一步西南山地丘陵區(qū)的補(bǔ)劃工作,提供理論依據(jù)和科學(xué)參考。(2)基本農(nóng)田差別化建設(shè)(1)墊江縣基本農(nóng)田的綜合質(zhì)量,在空間上呈顯著區(qū)域差異性,質(zhì)量較高的主要位于明月山、黃草山和鶴大臺(tái)地圍成的槽谷區(qū)。難度系數(shù)宏觀格局上,同基本農(nóng)田質(zhì)量綜合指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)出很好的對(duì)應(yīng)性,但在細(xì)部差別上,質(zhì)量綜合指數(shù)與建設(shè)難度系數(shù)又不存在一一對(duì)應(yīng)的空間關(guān)系。證明,在總體格局上,耕地質(zhì)量的綜合指數(shù)控制著基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)的難度系數(shù)。(2)建設(shè)區(qū)的設(shè)置,不僅要根據(jù)建設(shè)時(shí)序的先后安排,還要兼顧產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的實(shí)際需求�？紤]到資源稟賦、立地條件、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、區(qū)位條件及產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、經(jīng)營(yíng)主體的差異,將基本農(nóng)田的差別化建設(shè)劃分為三個(gè)大區(qū):西部明月山下邊緣區(qū)的渝巫路沿線,服務(wù)于多功能農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展區(qū)。明月山-黃華山所夾的槽谷區(qū),服務(wù)于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化糧油基地區(qū)。以鶴大臺(tái)地為中心的高灘河右岸,服務(wù)于立體循環(huán)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)。(3)基本農(nóng)田的差別化建設(shè),必須同時(shí)兼顧好資源稟賦、立地條件、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、區(qū)位條件及產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展、經(jīng)營(yíng)主體的差異性,不能就建設(shè)而論建設(shè),否則,就不能很好地整合和協(xié)調(diào)各資源要素的發(fā)展。(3)基本農(nóng)田土壤碳增匯(1)基本農(nóng)田socd在1980s和2011年均低于非基本農(nóng)田,不同截面年份間socd凈增量的表現(xiàn)態(tài)勢(shì)為:基本農(nóng)田非基本農(nóng)田。在不同土壤類(lèi)型中,基本與非基本農(nóng)田socd的增減量,均主要體現(xiàn)在水稻土和紫色土。在1980s和2011年,基本與非基本農(nóng)田socd和soc儲(chǔ)量,均呈現(xiàn)出顯著的空間差異性,尤其socd更為明顯。基本農(nóng)田soc儲(chǔ)量的空間分布以“山”字型形態(tài)為主。(2)近30年基本農(nóng)田socd年均增速率(79.56kgha-1yr-1)高于非基本農(nóng)田的(68.99kgha-1yr-1)。基本與非基本農(nóng)田的固碳、相對(duì)平衡和丟碳的面積比,未呈現(xiàn)出顯著的差異。影響近30年基本與非基本農(nóng)田socd年均變化速率的主要因子,是socd1980s全n密度c/n比,可見(jiàn)地形因子和土壤管理因子的影響較小。其中,socd1980s有負(fù)影響作用,全n密度和c/n比則恰恰相反。(3)基本農(nóng)田socd的增幅,高于非基本農(nóng)田。證明研究區(qū)基本農(nóng)田的位置確定,具有一定程度上的科學(xué)性,也證明在土壤碳增匯層面上,近年來(lái)國(guó)家和地方加大對(duì)基本農(nóng)田的建設(shè)與投入,切實(shí)取得一定的效應(yīng)。(4)基本農(nóng)田效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)(1)墊江縣基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)前后的工程實(shí)施效果較為顯著:在項(xiàng)目區(qū)水平,建設(shè)后耕地連片性、道路通達(dá)度、排灌條件、景觀生態(tài)功能等的提升較為顯著。在縣域尺度上,建設(shè)后的綜合效應(yīng)均較建設(shè)前有較為顯著的提升,尤其是高灘河右下方的鶴大臺(tái)地區(qū)綜合效應(yīng)較為顯著。(2)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)后耕地連片度、耕地破碎度、道路通達(dá)度、灌溉保證率的空間變異性增加較為顯著,與其他指標(biāo)相反的是,道路通達(dá)度、路網(wǎng)密度、林草地比重的差異性程度略微降低,而農(nóng)民滿意度的空間變異程度明顯降低。產(chǎn)生這一結(jié)果的原因是主要是立地條件、基礎(chǔ)欠賬、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展等所決定的,未來(lái)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)時(shí)一定要考慮這些因素來(lái)進(jìn)行選址。(3)基本農(nóng)田建設(shè)的差別化與效應(yīng)的差別化、均質(zhì)化兼顧,是建設(shè)選址與效應(yīng)評(píng)估中需要著重考慮的,這一科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)可為糾正目前建設(shè)的遍在性思路提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The maintenance of national food security, maintaining social stability, is always a major issue in China. The "rice bowl" firmly in their own hands, is the current and future quite a long time, will be a major issue to face and solve. In order to national stability and sustainable development of social economy, develop a series of related to the protection of cultivated land the policy, adopted a series of engineering, biological measures, to ensure the final 1 billion 800 million mu of arable land, ensure the grain production, to achieve dynamic balance of total national land to provide effective measures. At the same time, Chongqing is not only the grain production balance area, is the southern rice demonstration area, or urban and rural reform zone. However, the current per capita cultivated land in Chongqing only about 0.65 acres, low mountain area accounts for 75.98% of the city's total land area, the city of mountain, hills and plateau, Pingba area than for 76:22:2. by the complex terrain factor, soil The cultivation of arable land, low quality, poor production conditions, the grain yield is not high, lack of infrastructure, on this problem, the lack of reserve resources, improve the quality of cultivated land, increase food production capacity, objectives and tasks to create the basic farmland to be solved. Therefore, the author of this paper: with the basic farmland construction difficulty and the location of where? The timing and how? What are the key indicators available to verify the effect after the construction of what?? four question is linked together. In Dianjiang County of Chongqing city as an example, through the delineation of permanent basic farmland construction of basic farmland, the difference is the base for soil carbon to hold hand nearly 30 years of basic farmland sinks to evaluate the comprehensive effect of verification, the basic farmland construction after the summary, analysis and research from many aspects. The innovation of good farmland protection at the same time, through the soil carbon sink (C) management perspective, to study the mitigation and response Changes in global climate. In order for Chongqing and southwest hilly area, the next step in the construction of basic farmland, which can make the protection of arable land, but also can promote the soil carbon sink (C) management of the "double target" path, provide scientific basis and reference to establish appropriate strategies to obtain results as follows: (1.) delineation of basic agricultural permanent (1) in the process of delimitation of basic farmland in Dianjiang County, the following four indicators: irrigation guarantee rate, rainfall, traffic and rural residential radiation, has obvious advantages. The natural conditions, irrigation guarantee rate of cultivated land and even piece comprehensive weight. Soil quality. The soil organic carbon in the analytic hierarchy process. Under the weight of the maximum distance conditions, selected cultivated land by radiation towns, prominent location advantages. (2) the main reference of basic farmland for irrigation to ensure radiation of soil organic carbon in farmland connectivity rate of towns The degree of importance. The key type, selected suitable cultivated land type, control type, type in the reserve grade, quantity statistics and spatial pattern, showing the specific differences. Under the constraints of transfer, selection of grassroots is more advantage of cultivated land (i.e. key type and suitable type), in accordance with the results of the final delimitation based on the policy, the area proportion of the suitable type and control type increases, the area proportion of key type and reserve type decreased. (3) the third chapter, method of multi-objective decision model of system construction, suitable for the delineation of permanent basic farmland in southwest hilly area, to achieve the protection of arable land and double "the goal of security and economic growth", to draw up the next step in southwest hilly area, and provide a theoretical basis and scientific reference. (2) the difference of the construction of basic farmland (1) comprehensive quality of basic farmland in Dianjiang County, significant regional differences in space , mainly located in the moon hill high quality, surrounded by yellow huangcaoshan and crane platform of the valley area. The coefficient of difficulty of macro pattern, with the comprehensive index of basic farmland quality showed a good correspondence, but the difference in detail, quality index and construction difficulty coefficient and does not exist in the space corresponding relationship that, in the overall pattern, the comprehensive index of farmland quality control difficulty of basic farmland construction. (2) the construction area has set, not only according to the schedule for construction, but also take into account the actual needs of industrial development. Considering the resource endowment, site conditions, infrastructure, regional conditions and industrial development. The differences of business entities, will be divided into different construction of basic farmland into three major areas: the western edge of the area under the moon mountain Yu Wu along the road, serving the agricultural development zone. The Mingyue Huang Hua mountains of the valley area, clothing For standard oil base area. With the crane platform as the center of the high right bank, serving the three-dimensional circulation agricultural area. (3) the difference between the construction of basic farmland, must also take into account the good resources, site conditions, infrastructure, industrial development and regional conditions, different business entities, not construction in terms of construction, otherwise, development is not well integrated and coordinated various resource elements. (3) the basic farmland soil carbon sink (1) basic farmland SOCD in 1980s and 2011 lower than the annual net amount of basic farmland, SOCD different section between the year trend: basic farmland in basic farmland. Different soil types, basic and non basic farmland by reduction of SOCD, which is mainly reflected in the paddy soil and purple soil. In 1980s and 2011, basic and non basic farmland reserves are SOCD and SOC, showing a distinct spatial difference, especially the SOCD base is more obvious. The spatial distribution of farmland SOC reserves to the "mountain" shape form. (2) nearly 30 years the average annual growth rate of basic farmland SOCD rate (79.56kgha-1yr-1) was higher than that of non basic farmland (68.99kgha-1yr-1). Carbon sequestration basic and non basic farmland, the relative balance and lost carbon area, did not show significant differences the main influence factor. Nearly 30 years of basic and non basic farmland SOCD average annual change rate is socd1980s, the whole n c/n density ratio, less visible effects of topography and soil management factors. Among them, socd1980s has a negative effect, the N density and the ratio of c/n on the contrary. (3) the basic farmland SOCD increase. Higher than the basic farmland. The basic farmland in the study area that determines the position of scientific to a certain extent, has proved that in the soil carbon sink enhancement level in recent years, national and local increase the investment and construction of basic farmland, real achieved certain effect. ( 4) evaluation of basic farmland effect (1) before and after the basic farmland in Dianjiang County construction project implementation effect is more significant in the project area, farmland connectivity construction, road accessibility, irrigation and drainage conditions, landscape ecological function improvement is more significant. In the regional scale, comprehensive effect after the construction of construction than before more significant, especially the large crane Taiwan comprehensive effect under high river right is significant. (2) the degree of cultivated land. The construction of basic farmland, farmland fragmentation, road accessibility, irrigation guarantee rate increase of spatial variability is significant, contrary to other indexes, accessibility of the road network. The density of forest and grassland proportion difference degree decreases slightly, and spatial variability of farmers satisfaction is significantly reduced. The reason of this result is mainly based on site conditions, debts, decided by the industrial development of the future Farmland construction must consider these factors for site selection. (3) the difference and effect of the construction of basic farmland differentiation, homogenization is taken into account, needs to focus on construction site and effect assessment, this scientific understanding can provide scientific basis for the construction of correct times in thinking.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F323.211
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本文編號(hào)：1416511