本文關(guān)鍵詞：后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新模式、能力與海外擴(kuò)散研究　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的過(guò)程中,全球本土化的創(chuàng)新策略一直被視為領(lǐng)先者跨國(guó)企業(yè)在海外市場(chǎng)上獲得成功的關(guān)鍵因素,這也使得全球范圍內(nèi)的創(chuàng)新擴(kuò)散主要呈現(xiàn)為從發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家流向新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家,此過(guò)程中,新興市場(chǎng)的國(guó)家僅僅是充當(dāng)了產(chǎn)品生命周期中期或后期的模仿者或接受者,而非創(chuàng)新的先行者和發(fā)源地。近年來(lái),新興市場(chǎng)已經(jīng)不僅僅作為全球的生產(chǎn)基地與銷售市場(chǎng),而是逐漸的轉(zhuǎn)變成為全球創(chuàng)新的中心,一些起源于在新興市場(chǎng)并獲得成功的創(chuàng)新的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù),經(jīng)過(guò)進(jìn)一步的改進(jìn)或升級(jí),在引入發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家后也獲得了成功,這種反直覺(jué)與反傳統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)新形態(tài)與擴(kuò)散路徑被稱為逆向創(chuàng)新。由于逆向創(chuàng)新的創(chuàng)新機(jī)遇發(fā)現(xiàn)和商品化、產(chǎn)業(yè)化首先是發(fā)生在新興市場(chǎng)國(guó)家,這就為本土企業(yè)提供了新的創(chuàng)新機(jī)會(huì)。在此背景下,企業(yè)如何才能有效地實(shí)現(xiàn)逆向創(chuàng)新就成為具有較好現(xiàn)實(shí)和理論意義的研究課題。本論文以本土的后發(fā)企業(yè)為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)理論研究與實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合的方法,系統(tǒng)展開(kāi)后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑的研究,探索后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新的機(jī)會(huì)與模式以及相應(yīng)的能力體系與創(chuàng)新策略,并基于動(dòng)態(tài)研究視角對(duì)后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新的海外擴(kuò)散的過(guò)程及核心影響因素進(jìn)行研究。本文主體內(nèi)容有三個(gè)部分：第一,基于探索性案例研究方法析出后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),在此基礎(chǔ)上,從產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新鏈(創(chuàng)新過(guò)程)的視角,基于后發(fā)企業(yè)在“創(chuàng)意／概念”與“研發(fā)”兩個(gè)創(chuàng)新關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的主導(dǎo)程度的不同,提出了后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新的四種創(chuàng)新模式,即“弱創(chuàng)意-弱研發(fā)”、“強(qiáng)創(chuàng)意-弱研發(fā)”、“強(qiáng)創(chuàng)意-強(qiáng)研發(fā)”、“弱創(chuàng)意-強(qiáng)研發(fā)”,并采用驗(yàn)證性多案例研究方法對(duì)研究框架進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上,基于不同模式的特點(diǎn),從創(chuàng)新要素協(xié)同、利用創(chuàng)新機(jī)會(huì)以及設(shè)計(jì)因素作用三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行比較分析。第二,通過(guò)調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)分析得出了不同逆向創(chuàng)新模式后發(fā)企業(yè)所需的能力支撐體系,并結(jié)合具體案例對(duì)不同模式下的關(guān)鍵能力體系及相應(yīng)的創(chuàng)新策略進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析。其中,“弱創(chuàng)意-弱研發(fā)”模式,組織學(xué)習(xí)吸收能力、技術(shù)搜索能力及市場(chǎng)推廣能力是關(guān)鍵支撐能力,采取“市場(chǎng)競(jìng)速”為主,“利基市場(chǎng)”為輔的組合策略；“強(qiáng)創(chuàng)意-弱研發(fā)”模式,合作學(xué)習(xí)能力、市場(chǎng)特性認(rèn)知與市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓能力、技術(shù)適應(yīng)性改進(jìn)能力及市場(chǎng)分析預(yù)測(cè)能力是關(guān)鍵支撐能力,采取“利基市場(chǎng)”為主,“市場(chǎng)競(jìng)速”為輔的組合策略：“弱創(chuàng)意-強(qiáng)研發(fā)”模式,技術(shù)認(rèn)知能力、自主研發(fā)能力以及市場(chǎng)推廣能力是關(guān)鍵支撐能力,采取“開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)先”為主,“市場(chǎng)競(jìng)速”為輔的組合策略；“強(qiáng)創(chuàng)意、強(qiáng)研發(fā)”模式,技術(shù)認(rèn)知能力、自主研發(fā)能力、多渠道融合外部資源能力及市場(chǎng)分析預(yù)測(cè)能力是關(guān)鍵支撐能力,采取“全面領(lǐng)先”為主,“開(kāi)發(fā)領(lǐng)先”和“市場(chǎng)競(jìng)速”為輔的組合策略。第三,基于產(chǎn)品制造業(yè)和工程技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新典型案例的縱向扎根分析,識(shí)別了不同行業(yè)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新海外擴(kuò)散的核心影響因素。其中技術(shù)地方化、國(guó)際聯(lián)接、組織學(xué)習(xí)是影響制造業(yè)和工程技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新海外擴(kuò)散的共性因素,“產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈”治理和“服務(wù)鏈”治理分別是影響制造業(yè)和工程技術(shù)服務(wù)業(yè)后發(fā)企業(yè)的核心因素。同時(shí),基于動(dòng)態(tài)視角歸納了后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新海外擴(kuò)散過(guò)程中關(guān)鍵因素演變的若干規(guī)律,包括“本土”技術(shù)地方化向“國(guó)際”技術(shù)地方化演進(jìn)、“被動(dòng)、局部”國(guó)際聯(lián)接向“全面深入”國(guó)際聯(lián)接演進(jìn)、“適應(yīng)性”學(xué)習(xí)向“前沿性”演進(jìn)以及“產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈”或“服務(wù)鏈”的漸進(jìn)提升。研究結(jié)果表明后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新海外擴(kuò)散中,需要充分利用本土特有的創(chuàng)新資源,這些資源為海外擴(kuò)散提供了比較優(yōu)勢(shì)；多元化的國(guó)際聯(lián)接是后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新海外擴(kuò)散的重要支撐；后發(fā)企業(yè)逆向創(chuàng)新海外擴(kuò)散中需要利用開(kāi)放式的創(chuàng)新策略以獲取所需的技術(shù)、市場(chǎng)以及管理資源(知識(shí))。同時(shí)需要注重技術(shù)與非技術(shù)的協(xié)同效應(yīng)以及自身的技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)和能力發(fā)展上的努力,以提高創(chuàng)新效率和有效利用外部資源。
[Abstract]:In the process of economic globalization, the innovation strategy of global localization has been regarded as the key factor leading multinational enterprises succeed in the overseas market, which also makes innovation worldwide diffusion are from developed countries to emerging market countries, in this process, the emerging market countries is just as product life the mid or late period imitator or receiver, rather than innovation pioneer and birthplace. In recent years, emerging markets have not only as a production base and sales market in the world, but gradually become a global innovation center, some originated in emerging markets and the success of innovative products and services, after further improvement or upgrade, introduced in developed countries after the success, innovation pattern and the diffusion path of this counter intuitive and anti tradition known as reverse innovation. On the reverse of the innovation opportunity discovery and commercialization, industrialization first occurs in emerging market countries, provides new opportunities for innovation for the local enterprises. Under this background, how to effectively realize the enterprise innovation has become a research subject with practical and theoretical significance. This paper takes local post enterprise as the research object, by the combined method of theory research and empirical research, the research system of latecomer firms reverse innovation path, system innovation and exploration of enterprise reverse after opportunity with the model and the corresponding ability and innovation strategy, and process factors and the core effect of overseas research angle of dynamic diffusion after reverse based on innovation research. The main contents of this paper has three parts: first, to explore the precipitation case study method after the key link of enterprise innovation based on On this basis, from product innovation chain (innovation) from the perspective of Post Enterprise Based on different dominant degree in "creative / concept" and "R & D" two innovation key, puts forward four kinds of innovation mode after the enterprise reverse innovation, namely "weak weak creative ideas", "strong the creative research and development", "strong weak strong creative development", "weak strong creative development, and the verification method of multi case study to analyze and verify the research framework. On this basis, the characteristics of the different modes based on collaborative innovation elements from three aspects, with opportunities for innovation and design factors were compared second. Analysis, through investigation and statistical analysis of the ability of different reverse innovation mode of latecomer firms required to support the system, combined with the specific case of different modes of the key capabilities of the system and the corresponding innovation strategy for detailed analysis, "Weak - weak creative research mode, organizational learning ability and absorptive capacity, technology of search marketing capability is the key to support the ability of the" market racing "," combination of strategies of niche market "as the" strong - weak; creative development mode, cooperative learning ability, market characteristics and cognitive ability to open up the market, technology improving the adaptability ability and market prediction ability is the key to support the ability of taking a "niche market", "market combination strategy supplemented by racing:" weak strong creative development mode, technology cognitive ability, independent research and development ability and marketing ability is the key support ability, adopt "the development of leading", "combination the market strategy supplemented by" strong "racing; creative, strong R & D technology" mode, cognitive ability, independent research and development ability, multi-channel integration of external resources and market analysis forecast ability It is the key to support the ability to take "comprehensive leading", "development strategy leading" and "market racing" supplemented. Third, longitudinal grounded analysis products manufacturing and engineering services innovation typical case based on the core factors identified overseas enterprises of different industries. The reverse diffusion technology localization international connection, organizational learning is the common influencing factors of manufacturing and engineering services after the business innovation diffusion overseas, "industrial chain" and "management service chain" is the core factor of enterprise governance are the impact of manufacturing and engineering services. At the same time, some key factors of enterprise innovation evolution the dynamic perspective summarizes the developing overseas diffusion process based on, including the "native" technology localization to the "international" technology evolution, "passive, local" International connection to the "comprehensive" international joint evolution, "adaptive" learning to "enhance the frontier" evolution and the "industrial chain" or "service chain". The results show that the progressive latecomer firms overseas innovation diffusion, need to make full use of its unique resources, these resources for overseas diffusion provides international connection advantage; diversification is an important support for the latecomer firms overseas reverse innovation diffusion; need to obtain the necessary technology using the open innovation strategy after the overseas enterprise reverse diffusion of innovation, market and resource management (knowledge). While focusing on the synergistic effect of technical and non technical needs and technological learning and capability development the efforts to improve the innovation efficiency and effective use of external resources.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F273.1
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本文編號(hào)：1385450