本文關(guān)鍵詞：農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生機(jī)理　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2015年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營承載著中國農(nóng)民的就業(yè)和國家的糧食安全,承載著政府改善民生建設(shè)小康社會(huì)的愿望。提高農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營效率是我國發(fā)展現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè),解決三農(nóng)問題甚為關(guān)鍵的一環(huán)。在我國農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,部分農(nóng)戶從多業(yè)經(jīng)營中分離出來,專門從事某種農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn),成為農(nóng)產(chǎn)品高效供給者,農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營產(chǎn)品種類也大為減少,農(nóng)村正分化出不同的職業(yè)和工種,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)戶改進(jìn)家庭經(jīng)營效率的重要途徑。與此同時(shí),農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營土地面積非常有限,農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力還將進(jìn)一步向農(nóng)業(yè)外轉(zhuǎn)移,農(nóng)戶投資能力也比較弱。在這樣的背景下,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生機(jī)理的研究將有助于探索農(nóng)業(yè)增長的來源、家庭經(jīng)營效率改進(jìn)的途徑和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式的變遷,同時(shí)拓展分工的理論內(nèi)涵,擴(kuò)展其運(yùn)用范圍,為農(nóng)戶經(jīng)營背景下現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供理論支持。在人們普遍認(rèn)為農(nóng)業(yè)分工有限的條件下,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工已經(jīng)成為農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的普遍現(xiàn)象,這必然成為理論關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。目前研究的重點(diǎn)是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的特點(diǎn)和家庭經(jīng)營的特征對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的不利影響,有些研究,關(guān)注到農(nóng)戶的選擇行為,但該類研究大都立足農(nóng)戶的外部條件,基本沒有涉及農(nóng)戶的內(nèi)部要素條件和決策行為對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的影響�；谏鲜霰尘�,本文運(yùn)用分工理論、農(nóng)戶經(jīng)濟(jì)理論和現(xiàn)代增長理論,采用邏輯演繹、模型構(gòu)建和實(shí)證研究等方法,研究農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工為什么能發(fā)生,又是如何發(fā)生的。農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的發(fā)生的主要受市場條件、利益動(dòng)因、要素條件和政策環(huán)境四個(gè)方面因素的影響,每個(gè)方面都存在一定的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和復(fù)雜的影響機(jī)制,本研究把這些不同方面的影響機(jī)制分別稱為市場誘導(dǎo)機(jī)制、利益驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制、要素支撐機(jī)制和政策扶持機(jī)制,通過對這些機(jī)制的研究闡明農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的內(nèi)在必然性。本文主要研究內(nèi)容包括:(1)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的理論分析。從產(chǎn)業(yè)選擇的角度闡明農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的內(nèi)涵,進(jìn)一步闡明農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的特征和類型,在此概念框架下探討農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的外部條件、內(nèi)部因素、分工收益、交易成本約束以及農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)分工決策,為農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生機(jī)理的研究提供理論依據(jù)。(2)中國農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的現(xiàn)實(shí)考察。通過入戶調(diào)研獲取的第一手資料,分析樣本農(nóng)戶在種植和養(yǎng)殖業(yè)上的分工、種植和養(yǎng)殖業(yè)內(nèi)部的分工以及農(nóng)戶在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)上的分工,闡明樣本農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的特點(diǎn)及其成因。運(yùn)用計(jì)量模型,對中國農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的影響因素進(jìn)行計(jì)量分析。(3)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的市場誘導(dǎo)機(jī)制研究。針對小農(nóng)戶的特點(diǎn),構(gòu)建市場需求、市場交易和市場服務(wù)三位一體的農(nóng)戶利用外部市場機(jī)會(huì)的生產(chǎn)決策模型,在此框架下探討市場需求、市場獲利、市場交易、市場競爭和市場服務(wù)等因素對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的影響,通過分析,闡明各種市場因素形成的有序的力量的增強(qiáng)對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的誘發(fā)和推動(dòng)作用。(4)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的利益驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制研究。闡明多種來源的經(jīng)濟(jì)性與農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工相互作用的機(jī)制,在此基礎(chǔ)上,研究要素配適改進(jìn)效益對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的影響,研究農(nóng)戶專業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)和規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的來源、實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的影響,依據(jù)技術(shù)的利用條件、產(chǎn)出特征探討技術(shù)進(jìn)步對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的推動(dòng)作用。(5)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的要素支撐機(jī)制。從自然要素條件、資本和技術(shù)條件、農(nóng)戶素質(zhì)三個(gè)維度逐步深入地探討要素條件在農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工中的作用機(jī)制,闡明農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的要素條件。(6)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的政策扶持機(jī)制。主要研究基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)政策、土地資源開發(fā)利用政策、農(nóng)業(yè)補(bǔ)貼政策、金融政策對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的條件創(chuàng)造和利用激勵(lì)。論文主要研究結(jié)論包括:(1)對樣本農(nóng)戶調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),目前我國農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工具有粗略性、多樣性和區(qū)域差異性等特征,生產(chǎn)規(guī)模比較大、專業(yè)性比較強(qiáng)的農(nóng)戶極為少見,農(nóng)戶獲得的分工收益也比較有限,初步性特征明顯,進(jìn)一步發(fā)展的條件還有待改善。(2)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工是在多種市場因素的誘發(fā)和推動(dòng)下發(fā)生的,具體表現(xiàn)在:市場機(jī)會(huì)的競爭性利用引發(fā)農(nóng)戶產(chǎn)業(yè)選擇上的分化;市場需求規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大為農(nóng)戶專業(yè)化的增進(jìn)提供激勵(lì);市場交易條件的改進(jìn)有利于農(nóng)戶對市場機(jī)會(huì)的利用;市場服務(wù)彌補(bǔ)農(nóng)戶的要素不足,節(jié)約農(nóng)戶的生產(chǎn)成本,為農(nóng)戶專業(yè)化的增進(jìn)和產(chǎn)業(yè)選擇創(chuàng)造條件。但是,由于小規(guī)模經(jīng)營農(nóng)戶始終存在小生產(chǎn)與大市場的銜接問題,市場誘導(dǎo)機(jī)制的充分運(yùn)作會(huì)受到一定的限制,其作用的發(fā)揮是緩慢而漸進(jìn)的。(3)專業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)、技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)等經(jīng)濟(jì)性既是農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工收益的來源,也是農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的內(nèi)在動(dòng)因。但大部分農(nóng)戶都是以有限的土地資源參與農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)分工,專業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)的利用比較困難,規(guī)模化經(jīng)營也受到多方面的限制,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的內(nèi)生動(dòng)因有待重塑和加強(qiáng)。生產(chǎn)服務(wù)的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)是農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的主要推動(dòng)力量;農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來了一系列新品種,創(chuàng)造和革新了大量的生產(chǎn)工具和生產(chǎn)手段,催生了一批新興農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè),促進(jìn)了農(nóng)戶在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)中的分化。(4)自然要素分布差異就能引起農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工,但這只是農(nóng)戶對自然條件的適應(yīng)。農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的資本密集化和技術(shù)擴(kuò)散使農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工擺脫了自然條件的限制,是農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工持續(xù)展開的重要要素條件。(5)農(nóng)戶的個(gè)人技能、市場判斷能力和創(chuàng)新能力對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的持續(xù)發(fā)展具有決定性影響,農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的持續(xù)展開在相當(dāng)大的程度取決于農(nóng)戶自身素質(zhì)的提高。(6)政策可以從多個(gè)方面促進(jìn)農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生和發(fā)展,它的功能主要是在保障國家糧食安全的前提下為農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工創(chuàng)造良好的外部環(huán)境以及提供適當(dāng)?shù)募?lì)和補(bǔ)償。論文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)主要包括:(1)農(nóng)戶具有經(jīng)營規(guī)模小、市場地位弱、能夠利用的要素條件有限等特點(diǎn),農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工能否發(fā)生、如何發(fā)生,這還沒有一個(gè)明確的理論說明。本文基于農(nóng)戶的產(chǎn)業(yè)選擇行為,建立農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生機(jī)理分析框架,在此基礎(chǔ)上探討農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的市場誘因、利益動(dòng)因、要素基礎(chǔ)和政策條件,通過對這些因素及其作用機(jī)制的研究,闡明農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的內(nèi)在機(jī)理。(2)分工形成市場,市場推動(dòng)分工,分工與市場的關(guān)聯(lián)比較復(fù)雜,本文依據(jù)農(nóng)戶的實(shí)際狀況,把研究重心轉(zhuǎn)移到市場對分工的影響上來,深入探討市場需求、市場獲利、市場競爭、市場交易、市場服務(wù)等市場因素對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的影響,揭示了農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工發(fā)生的市場誘因,這個(gè)分析有助于從農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的視角加深對市場結(jié)構(gòu)和功能的認(rèn)識。(3)報(bào)酬遞增是分工中的重要現(xiàn)象,大量的文獻(xiàn)都關(guān)注到這個(gè)問題,但一般認(rèn)為這是工業(yè)中的現(xiàn)象,而且把報(bào)酬遞增與分工等同起來的傾向也比較明顯,這使報(bào)酬遞增的來源變得模糊不清。本文分析了農(nóng)戶專業(yè)化經(jīng)濟(jì)、規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的來源及其實(shí)現(xiàn)形式對農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)分工的影響,揭示了技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)性與生產(chǎn)分工相互加強(qiáng)的趨勢,這個(gè)分析有助于更好地說明生產(chǎn)分工收益的來源和分工發(fā)生的動(dòng)因。
[Abstract]:Farmers' operation bearing the employment of Chinese farmers and the national food security, bearing the desire of the government to improve the livelihood of the people to build a well-off society. Improving the efficiency of farmers' management is a key link in the development of modern agriculture and solving the problem of agriculture, rural and rural areas. In the agricultural production in China, separated from farmers in a multi business, specializing in the production of agricultural products, become the efficient supply of agricultural products, farmers operating range is also greatly reduced, the countryside is the occupation and differentiation of different types of farmers' production division has become an important way to improve the operating efficiency of farmer households. At the same time, the farmers' land area is very limited, the rural labor force will be further transferred to the outside of agriculture, and the investment ability of farmers is weak. In this context, the research of farmers' production division mechanism will help to explore the change of agricultural growth sources, improve operational efficiency of family way and the mode of agricultural production, while expanding the theoretical connotation of division of labor, to expand its scope of application, to provide theoretical support for the development of modern agriculture and farmer management background. Under the condition that people generally think that the division of labor is limited, the labor division of farmers has become a common phenomenon in the development of agriculture, which will inevitably become the focus of theoretical attention. The current study focuses on the adverse effects and characteristics of family business characteristics of agricultural production on household production division of some research, pay attention to the choice of farmers' behavior, but this kind of study is based on the farmers external conditions, basically no influence farmers involved in the internal elements of the condition and decision on the behavior of farmers production division. Based on the above background, this paper applies the theory of division of labor, the theory of peasant household economy and the theory of modern growth, and adopts logical deduction, model construction and empirical research to study how and why the division of labor in rural households can happen. Influence of households production division is mainly influenced by market conditions, the interest motive factor, condition and policy environment of four factors, each have a complex internal structure and influence mechanism, the mechanism of these different aspects of the influence are called the market guidance mechanism, interest driven mechanism, support mechanism elements and policy support mechanism, through the study of the mechanism of inner necessity of the division of agricultural production. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the theoretical analysis of the labor division of farmers. From the perspective of the connotation of industry choice of farmers production division, to further clarify the characteristics of farmers and the type of production division, the division of household production of external conditions and internal factors, the division of income, the transaction cost constraints and farmers' production division decision in this concept framework, provides theoretical basis for the study of the mechanism of farmers' production division. (2) the practical investigation of the labor division of farmers in China. Based on the first-hand information obtained from household survey, the division of labor in the farming and aquaculture industry, the division of labor within the farming and breeding industry, and the division of labor in the agricultural production link of the sample farmers were analyzed, and the characteristics and causes of the division of labor in the sample farmers were clarified. By using the econometric model, the factors affecting the labor division of farmers in China are measured and analyzed. (3) study on the market induction mechanism of the production division of labor of farmers. According to the characteristics of small farmers, production decision model of market demand, market trading and market service three-in-one farmers using external market opportunities, under this framework of market demand, market profit, market transaction, market competition and market service and other factors on Farmers' production division, through analysis, clarify the various factors in the formation of enhanced market orderly power induced production of the farmers and promote the role of division of labor. (4) research on the interest driven mechanism of the production division of labor of farmers. To clarify the various sources of economy and farmers' production division interaction mechanism, based on the elements of fitness improvement benefits of production division, the source of research farmer specialization and economies of scale to achieve the path of specialization, promote technological progress on household production division according to characteristics use condition and output technique. (5) the factor supporting mechanism for the production division of labor of farmers. From the three dimensions of natural conditions, capital and technological conditions, and the quality of farmers, this paper explores the function mechanism of factor conditions in the division of production of farmers, and expounds the factors of the division of labor. (6) the policy support mechanism for the production division of labor of farmers. It mainly studies infrastructure construction policy, land resource development and utilization policy, agricultural subsidy policy and financial policy, and encourages farmers' production division. The main conclusions of this paper include: (1) to the survey sample of households, at present our country farmer production division has rough and diversity, and regional difference characteristics, production scale is relatively large, relatively strong professional farmers is extremely rare, farmers get benefits are relatively limited, preliminary characteristics significantly, further the development of the conditions to be improved. (2) farmer production division is occurring in a variety of market factors to induce and promote, specific performance in: lead farmers by differentiation of industry competitive market opportunities; expand the scale of market demand for farmers' Professional Growth Incentive; improve market transaction conditions conducive to the use of market opportunities for farmers the elements of the market; service of peasant households, farmers save production costs, create conditions for farmers' professional promotion and industry selection. However, due to the fact that small-scale farmers always have the connection between small production and big market, the full operation of market inducement mechanism will be limited, and its role is slow and gradual. (3) specialized economy and scale
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F323.6

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