本文關(guān)鍵詞：服務(wù)于生態(tài)環(huán)境友好目標(biāo)的北京市平原區(qū)農(nóng)用地布局研究　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 農(nóng)用地 時(shí)空特征 布局 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值 北京市平原區(qū)

【摘要】：本文在農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位論與可持續(xù)發(fā)展觀相關(guān)理論指導(dǎo)下,選取北京市平原區(qū)作為研究區(qū)域,利用衛(wèi)星影像解譯了2004、2011、2014三期土地利用類型,分析農(nóng)用地時(shí)空特征及其演變機(jī)理,結(jié)合北京市自然資源稟賦和面臨的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,分析當(dāng)前大都市區(qū)城市綠化思路在經(jīng)濟(jì)及政策方砸的局限性,結(jié)合北京市各類空間規(guī)劃,探討符合北京當(dāng)前農(nóng)業(yè)功能定位下的農(nóng)用地布局方案,建立北京市農(nóng)用地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值評(píng)估體系,對(duì)比所提出的農(nóng)用地空間布局方案前后農(nóng)用地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值變化,該研究成果為實(shí)現(xiàn)北京城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展、耕地合理利用與保護(hù)提供科學(xué)支撐。研究主要結(jié)論如下：①北京市平原區(qū)土地利用變化顯著,農(nóng)用地圈層結(jié)構(gòu)顯著。2004至2014年間,北京平原區(qū)土地利用變化總體趨勢是：大量耕地轉(zhuǎn)為建設(shè)用地與林地。農(nóng)用地內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的變化特征為：糧田逐步轉(zhuǎn)為林地與設(shè)施菜地；并且該變化空間分異明顯,即距離中心城市最近與最遠(yuǎn)區(qū)域,主要是糧田轉(zhuǎn)為林地,近、遠(yuǎn)郊之間的過渡區(qū)域糧田轉(zhuǎn)為林地同時(shí)還轉(zhuǎn)為設(shè)施菜地與露天菜地；究其原因：耕地流失在于建設(shè)擴(kuò)張與城市綠化；糧田轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椴说爻鲇谵r(nóng)民響應(yīng)市場蔬菜需求而進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級(jí)。北京平原區(qū)農(nóng)用地圈層結(jié)構(gòu)顯著。緊挨著主城區(qū)是林地圈層而并非菜地,由主城區(qū)向遠(yuǎn)郊延伸,則依次為菜地—糧田—林地混合圈,再到林—糧組合圈；并且十年間,緊鄰主城區(qū)的林地圈層愈發(fā)連片并具規(guī)模。林地取代菜地并連片分布在緊鄰主城區(qū)的近郊區(qū),是政府為改善生態(tài)環(huán)境推動(dòng)綠化工程的結(jié)果。但是就耕地而言,2004至2014年北京平原依舊保持近郊種菜、遠(yuǎn)郊種糧的空間格局,還是符合杜能農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位論所描繪的圈層結(jié)構(gòu),這是城區(qū)擴(kuò)張使得農(nóng)戶根據(jù)農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)位變化適時(shí)調(diào)整種植結(jié)構(gòu)的結(jié)果。②北京農(nóng)用地布局與利用應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能。水資源短缺、熱島效應(yīng)、空氣污染、綠色空間不足等生態(tài)問題成為城市可持續(xù)發(fā)展新的制約因素。北京平原區(qū)農(nóng)地利用應(yīng)充分考慮其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能�；诮ㄔO(shè)“宜居城市”目標(biāo),提出北京平原區(qū)“三圈+一帶”農(nóng)用地空間布局,即：城市花園農(nóng)業(yè)圈、生態(tài)休閑農(nóng)業(yè)圈、集約高效農(nóng)業(yè)圈與生態(tài)休閑農(nóng)業(yè)帶。針對(duì)各農(nóng)業(yè)圈(帶)現(xiàn)存農(nóng)用地問題,提出城市美化型、綠化生態(tài)型、綠色安全型、生態(tài)休閑型與集約高效型等五大調(diào)整模式,從種植業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、農(nóng)田基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、土壤改良方面制定農(nóng)用地建設(shè)內(nèi)容,并安排優(yōu)化布局時(shí)序。對(duì)比分析農(nóng)用地現(xiàn)狀與空間布局前后的景觀格局變化,發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)用地景觀格局由破碎、離散態(tài)向聚集度更好、連通性更強(qiáng)轉(zhuǎn)變；空間上近郊景觀格局優(yōu)化程度較遠(yuǎn)郊顯著,所提出的農(nóng)用地布局方案有利于構(gòu)建符合大都市需求的良好生態(tài)景觀。③農(nóng)用地布局調(diào)整后生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能價(jià)值更高。結(jié)合北京市平原區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境特點(diǎn)及數(shù)據(jù)可靠性和可獲取性,構(gòu)建了包括生產(chǎn)有機(jī)質(zhì)、氣體調(diào)節(jié)、氣候調(diào)節(jié)、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)循環(huán)、凈化環(huán)境、涵養(yǎng)水源、生物多樣性維持以及景觀休閑等8項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值評(píng)估體系,確定生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值估算模型。據(jù)此定量估算的2014年北京平原區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)總價(jià)值構(gòu)成中各單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)貢獻(xiàn)大小排序是：有機(jī)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)價(jià)值景觀休閑價(jià)值氣體調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)值營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)循環(huán)價(jià)值生物多樣性價(jià)值涵養(yǎng)水源價(jià)值氣候調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)值凈化環(huán)境價(jià)值；林地與糧田已成為區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能貢獻(xiàn)最大的農(nóng)用地類型：而且生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值空間分布具有由城區(qū)向遠(yuǎn)郊遞增的特征。在北京平原區(qū)中以建設(shè)用地分布為主的生態(tài)服務(wù)低值區(qū)還出現(xiàn)了環(huán)狀、射線狀生態(tài)服務(wù)高值區(qū),這是綠化帶沿道路、流域分布較集中的結(jié)果。對(duì)比現(xiàn)狀與農(nóng)用地布局調(diào)整后生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)總價(jià)值變化,所提出的農(nóng)用地布局方案可以實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)總價(jià)值提升,這符合當(dāng)前農(nóng)用地在北京市建設(shè)“宜居城市”目標(biāo)下農(nóng)業(yè)功能定位,對(duì)緩解區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境問題有一定幫助。④以“百萬畝平原造林”工程為例分析北京城市綠化工程經(jīng)濟(jì)與政策可行性發(fā)現(xiàn)：大規(guī)模造林工程是以北京市強(qiáng)大的財(cái)政支撐實(shí)現(xiàn)的,給政府財(cái)政帶來巨大壓力,而耕地造林所新增財(cái)政支出卻遠(yuǎn)高于造林后生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能所提升的價(jià)值。由于現(xiàn)今北京平原幾乎沒有“未利用地”空間可供造林,平原造林主要是占用耕地,突破了國家給予北京市的基本農(nóng)田與耕地保護(hù)責(zé)任。從耕地造林綠化工程的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)價(jià)值變化、經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性及其與國家耕地保護(hù)政策關(guān)系等角度綜合分析,認(rèn)為大都市區(qū)綠化和生態(tài)服務(wù)還是應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮農(nóng)田的生態(tài)功能,以實(shí)現(xiàn)大都市區(qū)耕地保護(hù)與生態(tài)建設(shè)的雙贏。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of agricultural location theory and the viewpoint of sustainable development under the guidance of selecting Beijing city plain area as the study area, using satellite image interpretation of the 2004, 2011, 2014 and three periods of land use types, temporal and spatial characteristics of agricultural land and its evolution mechanism, combined with the Beijing natural resources and the ecological and environmental problems facing the analysis of the current. Metropolitan city greening ideas in the limitations of economic and policy side hit, combined with various types of space planning of Beijing City, of agricultural land layout scheme of Beijing current agricultural function, establish the value of farmland ecosystem service evaluation system of Beijing City, agricultural land space layout scheme comparison proposed before and after land ecosystem service value change, the research results provide scientific support for the realization of sustainable development of Beijing City, land utilization and protection. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the land use change of the plain area of Beijing is remarkable, and the circle structure of agricultural land is remarkable. From 2004 to 2014, the general trend of land use change in Beijing plain is that a large number of cultivated land is converted to construction land and woodland. Variation characteristics of internal structure of agricultural land for grain gradually into the forest and vegetable field; and the change of spatial differentiation is obvious, which is from the center of the city and the most recent far area, mainly is the conversion of cropland to forest, cropland transition region between near and far suburbs to forest also to greenhouse and open field vegetable; the reason is that: the loss of arable land expansion and construction of city greening; cropland into vegetable farmers for vegetables in response to the market demand and upgrading of the industrial structure of agriculture. The land layer structure of agricultural land in Beijing plain is remarkable. Close to the urban area is woodland circle instead of vegetable, extending from the city to the suburbs, in order of vegetable - grain mixed forest circle, to the forest - grains circle; and ten years, close to the main city and largest contiguous forest circle increasingly. It is the result of the government to promote the green project in order to improve the ecological environment. But in terms of cultivated land from 2004 to 2014 in Beijing plain still maintain the spatial pattern of suburban suburban vegetables, grain producers, or with the Thunen circle structure depicted agricultural location theory, the urban expansion makes farmers adjust planting structure according to the results of the agricultural location changes. The layout and utilization of agricultural land in Beijing should give full play to the service function of farmland ecosystem. The shortage of water resources, the effect of heat island, air pollution, and the lack of green space become the new restrictive factors for the sustainable development of the city. The agricultural land use in Beijing plain should take full consideration of its ecosystem service function. Based on the goal of "livable city", the spatial layout of agricultural land in the "three circles + area" in Beijing plain area is put forward: Urban Garden agriculture circle, ecological leisure agriculture circle, intensive high efficiency agriculture circle and ecological leisure agriculture belt. According to the agricultural cycle (with) the existing problems of agricultural land, city beautification, greening, green ecological safety, ecological leisure and intensive high five adjustment mode, develop the content of construction of agricultural land from structure, planting farmland infrastructure construction, soil improvement, and arrange the layout optimization of timing. Comparative analysis of landscape pattern changes before and after the current situation and spatial layout of agricultural land, agricultural land landscape pattern found by broken, discrete state to aggregation, change better connectivity more space; suburban landscape pattern optimization is significant suburban agricultural land, the layout scheme proposed is conducive to building a good ecological landscape meets the demand of metropolis. After the adjustment of agricultural land distribution, the service function of the ecosystem is more valuable. Beijing city with plain ecological environment characteristics and data reliability and availability, including the construction of evaluation system for the production of organic matter, gas regulation, climate regulation, nutrient cycling, water conservation, environmental purification, biodiversity maintenance, landscape leisure and other 8 indicators of ecosystem service value, determine the ecosystem service value estimation model. The total value of ecosystem services of Beijing plain in 2014 according to quantitative estimation of the contribution of each single index ranking is: the organic production value of landscape and leisure value of gas regulation value nutrient circulation value of biodiversity value of water conservation value of climate regulation value value of clean environment; forest and cropland has become a type of regional ecosystem service function contribution the largest agricultural land and ecosystem service value space distribution has the characteristics of increasing from the city to the suburbs. In the plain area of Beijing, the high value area of ring and radial ecosystem services is also found in the low value area of the ecological services mainly distributed in the construction area. This is the result of the distribution of the green belt along the roads and the watershed. Changes in the total value of ecosystem services in agricultural land and layout adjustment, land layout scheme can be achieved by the proposed regional ecological system service value, which conforms to the current agricultural land in Beijing City, building a "livable city" under the goal of agricultural functions, help to alleviate the regional ecological and environmental problems. The "project of millions of acres of plain afforestation project feasibility analysis found that" economic policy and city greening in Beijing: large-scale afforestation is a strong support for the realization of Beijing city finance, has brought great pressure on government finances, and farmland afforestation is far higher than the new fiscal expenditure after afforestation ecosystem services to enhance the value of. Because there is almost no "unused" space available for afforestation in the Beijing plain, the main purpose of plain afforestation is to occupy farmland, which breaks through the responsibility of the state to protect the basic farmland and cultivated land in Beijing. The change of ecosystem service value, economic feasibility and its relationship with afforestation project of cultivated land
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2
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本文編號(hào)：1339310