相干態(tài)和薛定諤貓態(tài)的直積態(tài)在量子相位估值中的潛在應(yīng)用
[Abstract]:In this thesis, the direct product states of cat states and coherent states are taken as the main research objects, and the potential applications of optical quantum states in quantum phase measurement are studied, aiming at the core problem of quantum phase estimation: by finding suitable quantum states, Optimizes mechanical quantities and data processing processes so that the fluctuations of the estimators can be lower than the standard quantum limit of (SQL); The basic steps of quantum phase measurement, the basic method of dual output measurement, and the ideal quantum Fisher information (QFI) and classical Fisher information (CFI). Are systematically studied. Firstly, using the coherent light and the direct product state of the Schrodinger cat state as the input of the interferometer, the quantum Fisher information of the system under the ideal condition of lossless and noise-free is studied. The phase sensitivity and the form of the optimal quantum Fisher information satisfying the phase matching condition cos [2 (胃 a-胃 b)] = 1 are given in this paper, where 胃 a _ (b) is the phase of cat state and coherent state, respectively. Under feasible experimental conditions, the optimal relationship between nb and na is found; 3. It is proved that odd cat states have better quantum Fisher information than even cat states; 4. It is also proved by numerical simulation that the main factor affecting the conversion is the introduction of quantum states. In addition, taking coherent light as an example, we study the phase estimators and their fluctuations in the dual-output measurement scheme [1], and compare with the results of the two recent experiments, we find that: 1. The super-resolution signal can be obtained by using the coherent state of light and a simple and efficient zero-difference detector (homodyne detector), and the phase sensitivity of the signal is close to the limit of scattered noise. Parity detection and zero-non-zero photon counting can achieve super-resolution and phase sensitivity is close to the limit of scattered noise. Then, on the basis of theoretical analysis and experiment, we take the loss into account and simulate the output signal and sensitivity in parity measurement and Z detection. By comparing two different phase estimation methods, the inverse function estimation method and the maximum likelihood estimation method, it is found that the phase estimation obtained by the inverse function estimation method and the maximum likelihood estimation method should be the same as that obtained by the maximum likelihood estimation method as long as the number of measurements is enough. The inverse function estimation method is much simpler. In chapter 4, we re-examine the coherent state (?) In the case of Schrodinger cat state, the classical Fisher information in photon counting measurement is always equal to the quantum Fisher information under the condition of phase matching. This result is qualitatively consistent with recent results [2]. Finally, the author gives the conclusions and prospects of this paper, some of the results have been published.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號(hào)】:O431.2
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