拉卡托斯綱領(lǐng)替代原則的拓展研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-17 12:39
【摘要】：拉卡托斯的科學(xué)研究綱領(lǐng)方法論,在科學(xué)哲學(xué)中具有重要的意義。本文以它的綱領(lǐng)替代原則為主要研究對象,通過對綱領(lǐng)替代原則的源起以及基本內(nèi)容的科學(xué)史分析,指出該原則所面臨的問題和困難,并嘗試說明當(dāng)前發(fā)展強(qiáng)勁的貝葉斯方法和結(jié)構(gòu)實在論對這些困難的克服,以及它們和拉卡托斯綱領(lǐng)替代原則之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。本文的具體探討內(nèi)容,包含以下三部分的拓展分析。第一部分,本文對綱領(lǐng)替代原則的主要內(nèi)容,即理論系列的原則、啟發(fā)法的原則、理論上的進(jìn)步原則以及經(jīng)驗上的進(jìn)步原則四個方面,和證偽主義、范式理論以及經(jīng)驗證實原則的淵源關(guān)系進(jìn)行了比較分析。并在此基礎(chǔ)上,對綱領(lǐng)替代原則進(jìn)行了科學(xué)史分析。具體案例涉及到哥白尼綱領(lǐng)、托勒密綱領(lǐng)、愛因斯坦的綱領(lǐng)和洛倫茲綱領(lǐng)。通過分析總結(jié),認(rèn)為柏拉圖啟發(fā)法原則和兩個進(jìn)步原則在哥白尼和托勒密的綱領(lǐng)中得到了較充分地體現(xiàn),而在愛因斯坦和洛倫茲的綱領(lǐng)中,啟發(fā)法原則、兩個進(jìn)步原則和理論系列的原則,也得到了較好的體現(xiàn)。在第二部分則主要探討貝葉斯分析方法對綱領(lǐng)替代原則的合理性解釋。具體內(nèi)容包括貝葉斯方法對綱領(lǐng)替代原則相關(guān)問題,即迪昂——蒯因以及老證據(jù)問題對綱領(lǐng)替代原則的影響,而本文對貝葉斯方法對前二者的解決思路進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)探討,認(rèn)為貝葉斯方法對綱領(lǐng)替代原則進(jìn)行合理地解釋,即貝葉斯方法通過對人們關(guān)于科學(xué)理論置信度的計算,可以有助于解釋,一個研究綱領(lǐng)在與之相競爭的綱領(lǐng)出現(xiàn)的條件下,硬核卻不能受到反駁的原因。在最后一方面,對結(jié)構(gòu)實在論和連續(xù)性問題方面的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系進(jìn)行了闡釋,主要論述了二者與綱領(lǐng)替代過程的關(guān)系。本文經(jīng)過分析總結(jié),認(rèn)為結(jié)構(gòu)實在論對于綱領(lǐng)替代原則具有重要的理論意義,因為在科學(xué)研究綱領(lǐng)方法論中,在同一研究綱領(lǐng)內(nèi)部,連續(xù)性是存在的,而在兩個綱領(lǐng)之間,即研究綱領(lǐng)外部的連續(xù)性,可以由結(jié)構(gòu)實在論的連續(xù)性觀點對進(jìn)行補充。因此,結(jié)構(gòu)實在論關(guān)于科學(xué)理論發(fā)展具有共同物理世界結(jié)構(gòu)連續(xù)性觀點,可以對綱領(lǐng)替代原則進(jìn)行拓展和完善。
[Abstract]:Lakatos's methodology of scientific research program is of great significance in philosophy of science. This paper takes its principle of substitution of program as the main research object, points out the problems and difficulties it faces by analyzing the origin of the principle and the basic content of its scientific history. It also tries to explain how Bayesian methods and structural realism have overcome these difficulties and the internal relationship between them and the substitution principle of Lakatos's program. The specific content of this paper, including the following three parts of the expansion analysis. In the first part, the main contents of this paper are the principles of theoretical series, the principles of heuristic law, the progressive principles of theory and the progressive principles of experience, and the doctrine of falsification. The relationship between paradigm theory and empirical proof principle is compared and analyzed. On this basis, the scientific history of the principle of program substitution is analyzed. Specific cases relate to the Copernican, Ptolemy, Einstein and Lorentz programs. It is concluded that Plato's heuristic principle and two progressive principles have been fully embodied in Copernicus and Ptolemy's program, while in Einstein's and Lorentz's, heuristic principles have been found. The two progressive principles and the principles of theoretical series have also been well embodied. In the second part, we mainly discuss the rationality explanation of Bayesian analysis method to the principle of program substitution. The specific contents include the Bayesian method and the influence of Dion Quine and the old evidence on the principle of the substitution of the program, and this paper discusses in detail the solutions to the former two principles by the Bayesian method. It is considered that the Bayesian method can reasonably explain the principle of program substitution, that is, the Bayesian method can help to explain that a research program appears under the condition that a competing program appears through the calculation of people's confidence in scientific theory. The hard core cannot be refuted. In the last part, the internal relations between structural realism and continuity are explained, and the relationship between them and the substitution process of program is mainly discussed. In this paper, we conclude that structural realism is of great theoretical significance to the principle of program substitution, because in the methodology of scientific research program, continuity exists within the same research program, but between the two programs. That is, the continuity outside the research program can be supplemented by the continuity view of structural realism. Therefore, structural realism has a common view of the structural continuity of the physical world on the development of scientific theory, which can expand and perfect the principle of substitution of program.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：N02
本文編號：2337812
[Abstract]:Lakatos's methodology of scientific research program is of great significance in philosophy of science. This paper takes its principle of substitution of program as the main research object, points out the problems and difficulties it faces by analyzing the origin of the principle and the basic content of its scientific history. It also tries to explain how Bayesian methods and structural realism have overcome these difficulties and the internal relationship between them and the substitution principle of Lakatos's program. The specific content of this paper, including the following three parts of the expansion analysis. In the first part, the main contents of this paper are the principles of theoretical series, the principles of heuristic law, the progressive principles of theory and the progressive principles of experience, and the doctrine of falsification. The relationship between paradigm theory and empirical proof principle is compared and analyzed. On this basis, the scientific history of the principle of program substitution is analyzed. Specific cases relate to the Copernican, Ptolemy, Einstein and Lorentz programs. It is concluded that Plato's heuristic principle and two progressive principles have been fully embodied in Copernicus and Ptolemy's program, while in Einstein's and Lorentz's, heuristic principles have been found. The two progressive principles and the principles of theoretical series have also been well embodied. In the second part, we mainly discuss the rationality explanation of Bayesian analysis method to the principle of program substitution. The specific contents include the Bayesian method and the influence of Dion Quine and the old evidence on the principle of the substitution of the program, and this paper discusses in detail the solutions to the former two principles by the Bayesian method. It is considered that the Bayesian method can reasonably explain the principle of program substitution, that is, the Bayesian method can help to explain that a research program appears under the condition that a competing program appears through the calculation of people's confidence in scientific theory. The hard core cannot be refuted. In the last part, the internal relations between structural realism and continuity are explained, and the relationship between them and the substitution process of program is mainly discussed. In this paper, we conclude that structural realism is of great theoretical significance to the principle of program substitution, because in the methodology of scientific research program, continuity exists within the same research program, but between the two programs. That is, the continuity outside the research program can be supplemented by the continuity view of structural realism. Therefore, structural realism has a common view of the structural continuity of the physical world on the development of scientific theory, which can expand and perfect the principle of substitution of program.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：N02
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1 翟勇波;拉卡托斯綱領(lǐng)替代原則的拓展研究[D];深圳大學(xué);2017年
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