【摘要】：對于需要利用平行光使物體成像的機器視覺測量儀,有時由于受到儀器自身尺寸條件的限制,使其在較短距離內無法產生一束理想的平行光,從而影響了實時測量的精度和速度。由于全息技術具有真實再現(xiàn)原物光場的特性,加之邊緣照明技術具有大大節(jié)省空間的作用,本文提出把根據(jù)全息原理和邊緣照明技術制作好的全息元件應用到這類機器視覺測量儀的內部光路中,對其原來產生平行光的光路加以改進,嘗試解決這一問題。通過多次實驗,當使入射光從邊緣照亮全息元件時,再現(xiàn)出來的平行光的平行度經平晶檢驗依然很理想,能夠降低測量的誤差,提高實時測量的精度和速度。本文對機器視覺及全息原理的基本理論進行了詳細介紹,提出了機器視覺測量系統(tǒng)的內部成像光路中存在照明光源平行度不理想的問題,并對現(xiàn)有應對方法進行了簡單的對比分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些解決方法仍然存在各自的不足。在此基礎上,本文提出了利用全息技術解決光源平行度的方案。首先借助MATLAB軟件對這一方案理論上的可行性進行了驗證,之后通過搭建全息實驗光路進行實驗驗證,實驗時,讓參考光與物光分別以60°、66°、72°的夾角進行干涉,多次實驗結果表明,衍射再現(xiàn)出來的光是理想的平行光,可以達到減小機器視覺測量系統(tǒng)的測量誤差的效果。
[Abstract]:For a machine vision measuring instrument that needs to use parallel light to make an image of an object, it is sometimes unable to produce an ideal parallel light at a short distance due to the limitation of the instrument's own size conditions. Thus, the accuracy and speed of real-time measurement are affected. Because the holography technology has the characteristic of reproducing the original light field, and the edge lighting technology has the function of saving much space, In this paper, the holographic elements made according to holographic principle and edge lighting technology are applied to the internal optical path of this kind of machine vision measuring instrument, and the original optical path which produces parallel light is improved to try to solve this problem. Through many experiments, when the incident light is illuminated from the edge of the holographic element, the parallelism of the reconstructed parallel light is still ideal through the flatness test, which can reduce the measurement error and improve the accuracy and speed of the real-time measurement. In this paper, the basic theory of machine vision and holographic principle is introduced in detail, and the problem that the illumination source parallelism is not ideal in the internal imaging light path of machine vision measurement system is put forward. By comparing and analyzing the existing methods, it is found that these solutions still have their own shortcomings. On this basis, this paper proposes a holographic method to solve the parallelism of light source. Firstly, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by using MATLAB software, and then the holographic experimental light path is built to verify the feasibility of the scheme. In the experiment, the reference light and the object light are interfered at the angles of 60 擄, 66 擄and 72 擄, respectively. The experimental results show that the diffracted light is an ideal parallel light and can reduce the measurement error of the machine vision measurement system.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：O438.1

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