西北太平洋上一個錮囚后二次爆發(fā)性發(fā)展的氣旋研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-11 10:57
【摘要】：2007年1月6至9日,在西北太平洋上發(fā)生了一次強爆發(fā)性氣旋天氣過程。該氣旋在其生命過程中經(jīng)歷了兩個爆發(fā)性發(fā)展階段,其中第二次爆發(fā)性發(fā)展出現(xiàn)在氣旋開始錮囚之后,在過去的爆發(fā)性氣旋個例研究中很少見到類似特征。利用Zwack-Okossi方程和WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model)模式對這個獨特的爆發(fā)性氣旋進行了診斷分析和數(shù)值模擬研究,詳細地描述了該爆發(fā)性氣旋的演變過程,分析了該氣旋在錮囚之后二次爆發(fā)的原因,并對其兩個爆發(fā)性發(fā)展階段的發(fā)展機制進行了深入探討。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),該氣旋形成在對流層中下層的斜壓區(qū),有利的斜壓環(huán)境是促使其發(fā)展的基本條件。氣旋在向東北方向移動的過程中遇到了對流層中上層?xùn)|移的低渦系統(tǒng),高低空系統(tǒng)在垂直方向上表現(xiàn)為明顯的西傾現(xiàn)象,在高空低渦前部下方的氣旋獲得了爆發(fā)性發(fā)展。當(dāng)氣旋開始錮囚之后,有利于氣旋發(fā)展的因子偏離氣旋中心移到了氣旋的下游,導(dǎo)致氣旋分裂并在下游形成了新的氣旋中心。新生的地面氣旋中心再度超前于高層的低渦系統(tǒng),這樣的高低空配置導(dǎo)致了氣旋的再次爆發(fā)。Zwack-Okossi方程診斷分析表明,氣旋在兩個爆發(fā)性發(fā)展階段的強迫因子是不完全相同的。在第一個爆發(fā)性發(fā)展階段,氣旋性渦度平流、暖平流和非絕熱加熱的共同作用造成了氣旋的爆發(fā)性發(fā)展,其中非絕熱加熱是促使氣旋發(fā)展最主要的強迫因子：而在第二個爆發(fā)性發(fā)展階段,非絕熱加熱的作用很小,高空系統(tǒng)的斜壓強迫(即氣旋性渦度平流和暖平流)是促使氣旋發(fā)展最主要的強迫因子。關(guān)閉潛熱釋放的敏感性試驗表明,潛熱加熱與高空系統(tǒng)的斜壓強迫通過一個正反饋過程促進氣旋的發(fā)展,這個正反饋過程可以描述如下：高層低渦/低槽前部的氣旋性渦度平流和脊區(qū)的暖平流在氣旋上空強迫產(chǎn)生高層輻散,潛熱加熱增強了高層槽脊系統(tǒng)的強度并進而影響高層的斜壓強迫；高層輻散導(dǎo)致輻散區(qū)下方出現(xiàn)補償上升運動和低層的降壓,并進一步導(dǎo)致低層的輻合和氣旋性渦度的生成：低層系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展導(dǎo)致氣旋東部的偏南風(fēng)低空急流增強,從而向氣旋內(nèi)部輸送更多的水汽,水汽受到強烈的抬升作用而凝結(jié)釋放更多的潛熱,這樣就形成了一個正反饋過程。氣旋正是通過這個正反饋過程得到了爆發(fā)性發(fā)展。關(guān)閉下墊面通量的敏感性試驗表明,海表面的熱通量和水汽通量在不同階段對氣旋的發(fā)展起到不同的作用,這取決于氣旋的強度、氣旋所處的位置以及通量的水平分布特征等。
[Abstract]:From January 6 to 9, 2007, a strong burst cyclone weather process occurred in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The cyclone experienced two stages of explosive development in its life process, the second of which occurred after the onset of the cyclone, and the similar characteristics were rarely found in the previous case studies of explosive cyclones. Using Zwack-Okossi equation and WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) model, the diagnostic analysis and numerical simulation of this particular explosive cyclone are carried out, and the evolution process of the burst cyclone is described in detail. In this paper, the causes of the secondary outbreak of the cyclone after imprisonment are analyzed, and the development mechanism of the two explosive stages of the cyclone is discussed. It is found that the cyclone is formed in the baroclinic zone of the middle and lower troposphere and the favorable baroclinic environment is the basic condition for its development. In the course of moving towards northeast, the cyclone encountered a low vortex system moving eastward in the upper troposphere, and the high and low air system showed an obvious westward dip phenomenon in the vertical direction, and the cyclone below the front part of the upper low vortex developed explosively. When the cyclone begins to imprison, the factors conducive to the development of the cyclone move from the center of the cyclone to the downstream of the cyclone, resulting in the division of the cyclone and the formation of a new cyclone center in the downstream. The new ground cyclone center is once again ahead of the upper level of the low vortex system, which leads to the recurrence of the cyclone. The diagnostic analysis of the Zwack-Okossi equation shows that, The forcing factors of cyclones at two stages of explosive development are not identical. In the first stage of explosive development, the combined effects of cyclonic vorticity advection, warm advection and non-adiabatic heating resulted in the explosive development of cyclones. Among them, non-adiabatic heating is the most important forcing factor to promote the development of cyclones: in the second stage of explosive development, the effect of non-adiabatic heating is very small. Baroclinic forcing (i.e. cyclonic vorticity advection and warm advection) is the most important forcing factor to promote the development of cyclone. The sensitivity test of closing latent heat release shows that latent heat heating and baroclinic forcing of upper air system promote the development of cyclones through a positive feedback process. The positive feedback process can be described as follows: the cyclonic vorticity advection at the front of the upper vortex / trough and the warm advection in the ridge region force the upper layer divergence over the cyclone. Latent heat heating enhances the strength of the ridge system and further affects the baroclinic forcing of the upper layer. The divergence of the upper layer leads to the compensatory ascending motion and the lowering pressure of the lower layer, and further leads to the convergence of the lower layer and the formation of the cyclonic vorticity: the development of the lower layer system leads to the enhancement of the southerly wind and low level jet in the east of the cyclone, As a result, more water vapor is transported to the interior of the cyclone, and the water vapor is strongly uplifted and condensed and released more latent heat, thus forming a positive feedback process. It is through this positive feedback process that the cyclone develops explosively. The sensitivity test of closing the underlying surface flux shows that the heat flux and vapor flux of the sea surface play different roles on the development of the cyclone in different stages, which depends on the intensity of the cyclone, the location of the cyclone and the horizontal distribution characteristics of the flux.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P444
[Abstract]:From January 6 to 9, 2007, a strong burst cyclone weather process occurred in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The cyclone experienced two stages of explosive development in its life process, the second of which occurred after the onset of the cyclone, and the similar characteristics were rarely found in the previous case studies of explosive cyclones. Using Zwack-Okossi equation and WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting Model) model, the diagnostic analysis and numerical simulation of this particular explosive cyclone are carried out, and the evolution process of the burst cyclone is described in detail. In this paper, the causes of the secondary outbreak of the cyclone after imprisonment are analyzed, and the development mechanism of the two explosive stages of the cyclone is discussed. It is found that the cyclone is formed in the baroclinic zone of the middle and lower troposphere and the favorable baroclinic environment is the basic condition for its development. In the course of moving towards northeast, the cyclone encountered a low vortex system moving eastward in the upper troposphere, and the high and low air system showed an obvious westward dip phenomenon in the vertical direction, and the cyclone below the front part of the upper low vortex developed explosively. When the cyclone begins to imprison, the factors conducive to the development of the cyclone move from the center of the cyclone to the downstream of the cyclone, resulting in the division of the cyclone and the formation of a new cyclone center in the downstream. The new ground cyclone center is once again ahead of the upper level of the low vortex system, which leads to the recurrence of the cyclone. The diagnostic analysis of the Zwack-Okossi equation shows that, The forcing factors of cyclones at two stages of explosive development are not identical. In the first stage of explosive development, the combined effects of cyclonic vorticity advection, warm advection and non-adiabatic heating resulted in the explosive development of cyclones. Among them, non-adiabatic heating is the most important forcing factor to promote the development of cyclones: in the second stage of explosive development, the effect of non-adiabatic heating is very small. Baroclinic forcing (i.e. cyclonic vorticity advection and warm advection) is the most important forcing factor to promote the development of cyclone. The sensitivity test of closing latent heat release shows that latent heat heating and baroclinic forcing of upper air system promote the development of cyclones through a positive feedback process. The positive feedback process can be described as follows: the cyclonic vorticity advection at the front of the upper vortex / trough and the warm advection in the ridge region force the upper layer divergence over the cyclone. Latent heat heating enhances the strength of the ridge system and further affects the baroclinic forcing of the upper layer. The divergence of the upper layer leads to the compensatory ascending motion and the lowering pressure of the lower layer, and further leads to the convergence of the lower layer and the formation of the cyclonic vorticity: the development of the lower layer system leads to the enhancement of the southerly wind and low level jet in the east of the cyclone, As a result, more water vapor is transported to the interior of the cyclone, and the water vapor is strongly uplifted and condensed and released more latent heat, thus forming a positive feedback process. It is through this positive feedback process that the cyclone develops explosively. The sensitivity test of closing the underlying surface flux shows that the heat flux and vapor flux of the sea surface play different roles on the development of the cyclone in different stages, which depends on the intensity of the cyclone, the location of the cyclone and the horizontal distribution characteristics of the flux.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P444
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