【摘要】：神經(jīng)元是生物神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的基本單位,它通過放電活動(dòng)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行編碼、傳遞和整合。放電活動(dòng)涉及復(fù)雜的物理、化學(xué)過程,并受到神經(jīng)元形態(tài)、外部刺激、溫度等諸多因素的影響,表現(xiàn)出非常豐富的非線性動(dòng)力學(xué)行為,其中蘊(yùn)含的多種多樣的放電模式及其誘發(fā)機(jī)理引起了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。各國(guó)學(xué)者從理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)等多方面圍繞神經(jīng)元開展了研究�；趧�(dòng)力學(xué)分岔理論分析神經(jīng)元放電模式的誘發(fā)和演化機(jī)理是目前研究其放電活動(dòng)的重要方法之一。同時(shí)隨著光學(xué)檢測(cè)等技術(shù)的發(fā)展,各種成像技術(shù)也逐漸被運(yùn)用到神經(jīng)元形態(tài)特征的無(wú)損檢測(cè)識(shí)別及其動(dòng)力學(xué)研究中,并發(fā)揮了巨大作用。本文圍繞神經(jīng)元放電活動(dòng),基于非線性動(dòng)力學(xué)分析方法和定量相位成像技術(shù),分別從動(dòng)力學(xué)理論分析和光學(xué)仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)兩方面對(duì)神經(jīng)元放電活動(dòng)機(jī)理及其動(dòng)態(tài)影響下神經(jīng)元模型的相位和形態(tài)特征進(jìn)行了研究。在理論分析方面,基于兩類常見的神經(jīng)元?jiǎng)恿W(xué)模型,分別研究了其在不同刺激條件下的放電活動(dòng),即針對(duì)神經(jīng)元Hindmarsh-Rose模型,通過數(shù)值計(jì)算模擬了常數(shù)刺激下系統(tǒng)的不同簇放電模式及其演化情況,比較分析了外部刺激和其他參數(shù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)放電行為的調(diào)制作用;針對(duì)分段線性神經(jīng)元Izhikevich模型,通過分岔分析研究了周期刺激下系統(tǒng)簇放電模式的產(chǎn)生和演化機(jī)理。在仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)研究方面,從神經(jīng)元放電活動(dòng)的本質(zhì)和動(dòng)力學(xué)特征出發(fā),基于“膜電位—離子濃度—折射率—相移量”的關(guān)聯(lián),通過光相位成像仿真技術(shù)建立了神經(jīng)元光相位模型并獲得了其在不同方向上的相位分布信息,進(jìn)而運(yùn)用相位梯度分析了模型的亞結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)特征,并考慮放電活動(dòng)對(duì)相位信息的動(dòng)態(tài)影響,從樣品折射率的變化出發(fā),初步探討了用相位信息表征這一變化的方法。最后對(duì)本文的研究工作做了總結(jié),并對(duì)今后的工作進(jìn)行了展望。本文通過對(duì)神經(jīng)元?jiǎng)恿W(xué)模型的分析揭示了周期刺激對(duì)其放電活動(dòng)的調(diào)制機(jī)理,可為研究神經(jīng)元放電模式調(diào)控和非自治動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)的快-慢耦合運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制提供參考;從相位成像的角度研究神經(jīng)元形態(tài)特征和放電活動(dòng)免標(biāo)記直觀監(jiān)測(cè),建立了神經(jīng)元光相位模型,對(duì)用相位信息表征折射率的動(dòng)態(tài)變化進(jìn)行了初步探索,可為后續(xù)建立光相位參量表述下的神經(jīng)元放電活動(dòng)研究方法提供一定的基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Neuron is the basic unit of the structure and function of the biological nervous system. It encodes, transmits and integrates the information through the discharge activity. The discharge activity involves complex physical and chemical processes, and is affected by many factors, such as neuron morphology, external stimulation, temperature and so on, showing a very rich nonlinear dynamic behavior. The various discharge modes and their evoked mechanisms have attracted wide attention. Scholars from all over the world have carried out research on neurons from many aspects, such as theory and experiment. One of the most important methods to study the firing activity of neurons is to analyze the evolutional mechanism of their firing patterns based on the dynamic bifurcation theory. At the same time, with the development of optical detection and other technologies, various imaging techniques have been gradually applied to the recognition of neuron morphology and its dynamics, and played a great role. This paper is based on nonlinear dynamic analysis and quantitative phase imaging. The mechanism of neuronal discharge and the phase and morphological characteristics of neuronal model under dynamic influence were studied from the aspects of kinetic theory analysis and optical simulation experiment. In theoretical analysis, based on two kinds of common neuronal dynamics models, the discharges under different stimulation conditions were studied, namely, the neuronal Hindmarsh-Rose model. The different cluster discharge modes and their evolution under constant stimulus are simulated, and the modulation effects of external stimuli and other parameters on the discharge behavior of the system are compared and analyzed. The mechanism of generation and evolution of cluster discharge mode under periodic stimulation was studied by bifurcation analysis. In the aspect of simulation experiment, based on the relationship between membrane potential, ion concentration, refractive index and phase shift, the essential and dynamic characteristics of neuronal discharges are discussed. The optical phase model of neuron is established by using optical phase imaging simulation technology, and the phase distribution information in different directions is obtained, and then the substructure morphological characteristics of the model are analyzed by using phase gradient. Considering the dynamic effect of the discharge activity on the phase information, the method of using the phase information to characterize the change of the refractive index of the sample is discussed preliminarily. Finally, the research work of this paper is summarized, and the future work is prospected. In this paper, the modulation mechanism of periodic stimuli to its discharge activity is revealed by analyzing the neuronal dynamic model, which can be used as a reference for studying the regulation of neuronal discharge mode and the fast-slow coupling mechanism of non-autonomous dynamic system. From the angle of phase imaging, the morphological characteristics of neurons and the visual monitoring of discharges are studied. The optical phase model of neurons is established, and the dynamic changes of refractive index with phase information are preliminarily explored. It can provide a basis for the further study of the firing activity of neurons under the optical phase parameter representation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q424

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