【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,越來(lái)越多的人們將地溝油作為食品安全關(guān)注的話(huà)題之一。不少非法商販專(zhuān)門(mén)收購(gòu)餐飲行業(yè)廢棄的地溝油,餐廚廢棄油提煉處理后,僅通過(guò)人的感官很難分辨出來(lái),且國(guó)家未形成有效辨別地溝油的行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),所以,探求有用的鑒別餐廚廢棄油的方法具有巨大的研究意義。本課題基于對(duì)健康油品和餐廚廢棄油理化指標(biāo)的檢測(cè),依據(jù)多技術(shù)融合的思想,采用多種光譜技術(shù)及光學(xué)相干層析技術(shù)對(duì)各類(lèi)油品進(jìn)行綜合性和有效性檢測(cè)研究。其中采用了傅里葉變換光譜法、紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度法以及頻譜光學(xué)相干層析技術(shù)。本課題的理論研究和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究得到的結(jié)果,具體如下:1、根據(jù)國(guó)標(biāo)方法,檢測(cè)了餐廚廢棄油、豬油以及四類(lèi)正常油品的感官性質(zhì),以及相應(yīng)的理化指標(biāo),這些指標(biāo)中以水分含量、酸價(jià)、過(guò)氧化值等為代表,同時(shí),實(shí)驗(yàn)所得出的結(jié)果比國(guó)家食用油基本的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要明顯高出許多。2、對(duì)七種油品進(jìn)行了傅里葉變換光譜方法探測(cè)研究。分別在以鎢燈、365nm紫外手電筒為光源的條件下對(duì)各個(gè)油脂樣品進(jìn)行檢測(cè),同時(shí)采集樣品在不同位置(探測(cè)器前、光源前)的光譜信息。不同種類(lèi)的食用植物油的傅里葉變換光譜信息基本相同,油脂樣品在光源前測(cè)得的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度比在探測(cè)器前測(cè)得的相對(duì)強(qiáng)度大。在以365nm紫外手電筒為光源,且樣品放置在光源前,可以觀察到餐廚廢棄油的光譜圖在630.1nm和707nm處出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)其他正常油品沒(méi)有的小的特征峰,可以用該方法作為檢測(cè)地溝油的基礎(chǔ)性依據(jù)。3、對(duì)摻偽油及四種正常油品采用紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度法進(jìn)行研究。在紫外至近紅外區(qū)測(cè)量樣品在玻璃片和比色皿中的透光率,餐廚廢棄油在兩種盛載裝置內(nèi)的吸收譜線(xiàn)存在很大差異,且餐廚廢棄油的吸光強(qiáng)度比其他油品相對(duì)較低;豬油在185nm至1700nm波長(zhǎng)范圍內(nèi)的吸光強(qiáng)度比其他五種油品高:正常油脂的透光率比相應(yīng)的摻偽油脂的低。根據(jù)光譜圖得到各類(lèi)油脂的最大透過(guò)率與最小透過(guò)率,為油脂含量鑒別分析提供了基礎(chǔ)性依據(jù)。4、不同溫度下,不同油品液面形貌的光學(xué)相干層析方法研究。在五種不同溫度條件下,分別將油脂樣品注入兩種不同盛載裝置中,利用分子表面張力特性獲取了樣品在不同溫度條件下的界面圖像;擬合出油脂樣品層析形貌的曲線(xiàn)函數(shù),依據(jù)分析結(jié)果,擬合出的函數(shù)模型與離散數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)性較好,得到了不同樣品函數(shù)關(guān)系的系數(shù)值;測(cè)得油脂的中心油膜厚度。通過(guò)研究油脂的層析成像,有助于進(jìn)行油脂形貌與含量的綜合研究。多光譜技術(shù)及光學(xué)相干層析技術(shù)在應(yīng)用上各具優(yōu)勢(shì),通過(guò)傅里葉變換光譜技術(shù)、紫外可見(jiàn)分光光度法對(duì)樣品進(jìn)行測(cè)量,獲得了不同類(lèi)油品光譜信息的差異性特征;采用光學(xué)相干層析技術(shù)分析各類(lèi)油品的層析形貌,建立了不同樣品函數(shù)系數(shù)值之間的關(guān)系,為地溝油檢測(cè)提供了更豐富的研究依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of Chinese economy, more and more people take gutter oil as one of the food safety issues. Many illegal vendors specialize in buying waste gutter oil from the catering industry. After refining and processing waste cooking oil, it is very difficult to distinguish it only through the human senses, and the country has not established an industry standard for effectively identifying gutter oil, so, It is of great significance to explore a useful method for identifying waste cooking oil. Based on the detection of physical and chemical indexes of healthy oil and kitchen waste oil, and based on the idea of multi-technology fusion, various spectral techniques and optical coherence chromatography were used to study the comprehensive and effective detection of all kinds of oils. Fourier transform spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and spectral optical coherence chromatography are used. The theoretical and experimental results of this subject are as follows: 1. According to the national standard method, the sensory properties of waste cooking oil, lard and four kinds of normal oils, as well as the corresponding physical and chemical indexes, are examined. The moisture content is used in these indexes. Acid value, peroxide value and so on. At the same time, the results obtained in the experiment are much higher than the basic standard of national edible oil. The detection of seven kinds of oil by Fourier transform spectroscopy method is studied in this paper. The oil samples were detected under the condition of tungsten lamp 365nm ultraviolet flashlight as the light source, and the spectral information of the samples at different positions (in front of the detector, in front of the light source) was collected at the same time. The Fourier transform spectrum information of different kinds of edible vegetable oils is basically the same. The relative strength of oil samples measured in front of the light source is larger than that measured in front of the detector. When the 365nm ultraviolet flashlight was used as the light source and the sample was placed in front of the light source, the spectrum of the waste cooking oil could be observed at 630.1nm and 707nm with two small characteristic peaks not found in other normal oils. This method can be used as the basic basis for the detection of gutter oil. Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry is used to study the adulterated oil and four kinds of normal oil. In the ultraviolet to near infrared region, the absorption spectrum of the waste cooking oil in the glass plate and colorimetric dish was different, and the absorption intensity of the waste oil was lower than that of other oils. The absorptivity of lard in the wavelength range from 185nm to 1700nm is higher than that of the other five oils: the transmittance of the normal oil is lower than that of the corresponding adulterated oil. The maximum transmittance and minimum transmittance of all kinds of oils were obtained according to the spectrogram, which provided a basic basis for oil content identification and analysis. 4. The optical coherence chromatography method was used to study the morphology of different oil surfaces at different temperatures. Under five different temperature conditions, the oil samples were injected into two different loading devices, the interface images of the samples at different temperatures were obtained by using the surface tension characteristics of the molecules, and the curve function of the chromatographic morphology of the oil samples was obtained. According to the analysis results, the fitting function model has a good correlation with the discrete data, and the coefficient values of different sample function relations are obtained, and the oil central oil film thickness is measured. It is helpful to study the morphology and content of oil by studying the tomography of oil. The multispectral technique and optical coherence chromatography technology have their own advantages in application. The different characteristics of spectral information of different oil products are obtained by Fourier transform spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The chromatographic morphology of various oil products was analyzed by optical coherence chromatography, and the relationship between the function coefficients of different samples was established, which provided a more abundant basis for the detection of gutter oil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TS227;O433

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