【摘要】：本研究以材料力學(xué)、土力學(xué)、彈塑性力學(xué)、水土保持學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和植物群落學(xué)等理論為基礎(chǔ),采用野外試驗(yàn)與室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)相結(jié)合、試驗(yàn)測(cè)定與理論分析相結(jié)合的技術(shù)路線,通過對(duì)山西省太原市西北山區(qū)草本植物進(jìn)行樣方調(diào)查和重要值分析研究,再對(duì)其中重要值較高的香根草、百喜草以及黑麥草三種植物進(jìn)行根系形態(tài)分布試驗(yàn)和抗拉試驗(yàn)研究,通過形態(tài)分布試驗(yàn)分析根系的橫截面積隨深度的變化情況和不同徑級(jí)段根系數(shù)量比例隨深度的分布情況,通過抗拉試驗(yàn)研究分析其根系最大抗拉力、抗拉強(qiáng)度和彈性模量等力學(xué)指標(biāo)與植物根系直徑、標(biāo)距等方面的聯(lián)系;運(yùn)用相關(guān)數(shù)學(xué)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對(duì)所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,分析數(shù)據(jù)的直觀和潛在意義;同時(shí),用根面積比與根系平均抗拉強(qiáng)度兩個(gè)參數(shù)計(jì)算粘聚力,以Wu氏模型為理論基礎(chǔ)評(píng)價(jià)不同植物的固土能力,選擇其中最為適宜的水土保持物種。本文研究結(jié)果可為林業(yè)、水土保持、植物固土護(hù)坡以及生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)等研究領(lǐng)域提供一定的依據(jù)。本研究共涉及蓮子草(Alternanthera sessilis)、車軸草(Trifolium Linn.)、黑麥草(Lolium perenne L.)、莎草(Nutgrass Galingale)、田旋花(Convolvulus arvensis L.)、香根草(Vetiveria zizanioides L.)、百喜草Paspalum notatum Flugge)、狗尾巴草(Setaria viridis)和魚腥草(Houttuynia cordata Thunb.)9種草本植物,以重要值法分析研究時(shí),通過相對(duì)頻率、相對(duì)密度、地上和地下相對(duì)覆蓋度四個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行計(jì)算,其中重要值計(jì)算結(jié)果較高的三種植物為黑麥草(29.79%)、香根草(20.19%)和百喜草(15.95%)。根系分布研究結(jié)果顯示:三種植物根系大致以根頸為中心,向地下各個(gè)方向輻射狀發(fā)展,并由此擴(kuò)展而成網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀結(jié)構(gòu);處于中間直徑段范圍的根系數(shù)量占大多數(shù),三種植物的絕大部分根系均分布在10-20cm深度的土層內(nèi),深度大于30cm的土層內(nèi)根系數(shù)量則很少,粗根和細(xì)根也會(huì)隨埋深的增加而減少。根系抗拉研究結(jié)果顯示:根長(zhǎng)一定時(shí),三種植物的最大抗拉力隨直徑的增大而增加,單根極限抗拉強(qiáng)度隨根系直徑的增大而減小;而直徑一定時(shí),根系最大抗拉力和極限抗拉強(qiáng)度隨根系長(zhǎng)度的增大而減小;彈性模量均隨著標(biāo)距的增大而減小,且在每個(gè)標(biāo)距組內(nèi),三種植物彈性模量均存在百喜草香根草黑麥草的關(guān)系。三種植物根系平均最大抗拉力關(guān)系為:香根草(16.258n)黑麥草(11.734n)百喜草(4.891n),平均極限抗拉強(qiáng)度關(guān)系為:百喜草(116.226mpa)黑麥草(50.839mpa)香根草(49.650mpa),平均彈性模量關(guān)系為:百喜草(20.392mpa/mm)香根草(3.257mpa/mm)黑麥草(3.245mpa/mm),平均粘聚力關(guān)系為:香根草(6.790mpa)黑麥草(5.980mpa)百喜草(5.513mpa)。本文證明了植物單根抗拉力學(xué)特性是選擇適宜固土護(hù)坡物種非常重要的因素;該土石山區(qū)內(nèi)的典型草本植物根系具有較好的抗拉力學(xué)特性,推測(cè)其能對(duì)淺層坡體的穩(wěn)定起到積極作用;在所研究的植物中,百喜草具有最好的根系固土護(hù)坡能力,是最適宜的水土保持物種。
[Abstract]:Based on the theory of material mechanics, soil mechanics, elastoplastic mechanics, soil and water conservation, mathematics and plant community science, the technical route of combining field test with laboratory test, experimental measurement and theoretical analysis is combined, and the sample investigation and important value analysis of herbaceous plants in Northwest Mountain Area of Taiyuan, Shanxi Province are investigated and studied. The root morphology distribution and tensile test of three species of vetiver, ryegrass and ryegrass, which were of higher value, were studied. Through the morphological distribution test, the change of the root cross section with depth and the distribution of root number in different diameter segments with the depth were analyzed and analyzed by the tensile test. The relationship between the maximum tensile strength, tensile strength and modulus of tensile strength and modulus of roots, the diameter of plant root and the distance of the root, and so on. The data were processed with relevant mathematical statistics to analyze the visual and potential significance of the data. At the same time, the cohesive force was calculated by two parameters of the root area ratio and the average tensile strength of the root system, and the Wu's model was used. In this paper, the results can provide a basis for forestry, soil and water conservation, soil retaining and protection of soil and ecological environment protection. This study involves Alternanthera sessilis and Trifolium Linn.. Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), Nutgrass Galingale, Convolvulus arvensis L., vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L.), Paspalum Paspalum, and houttuynia herb, are studied by important value method, by relative frequency and phase. Four indexes of density, aboveground and underground relative coverage were calculated. Among them, three plants with higher calculation results were ryegrass (29.79%), vetiver (20.19%) and paspalum (15.95%). The results of root distribution of the three plants showed that the roots of the three plants were roughly centered in the root neck and expanded to the ground in all directions, and thus expanded. The number of roots in the middle diameter range accounted for the majority, most of the roots of the three plants were distributed in the soil layer of 10-20cm depth, and the number of root systems in the soil layer with depth greater than 30cm was very few. The root and fine roots also decreased with the increase of the depth. Root length resistance studies showed that the root length was three. The maximum tensile strength of the plant increases with the increase of diameter, and the ultimate tensile strength decreases with the increase of root diameter, while the maximum tensile strength and ultimate tensile strength decrease with the increase of root length when the diameter is fixed, and the elastic modulus decreases with the increase of the standard distance, and three kinds of plant elasticity are in each range group. The relationship between the modulus and ryegrass of vetiver Vetiver was found. The average maximum tensile strength of three plant roots was: 16.258n (11.734n) of ryegrass (4.891n), and the average ultimate tensile strength was: 116.226mpa (50.839mpa) Vetiver (49.650mpa), and the average modulus of elasticity was 20.392mpa/ (20.392mpa/). Mm) Vetiver (3.257mpa/mm) ryegrass (3.245mpa/mm), the average cohesion is: Vetiver (6.790mpa) ryegrass (5.980mpa) paspalum (5.513mpa). This paper proves that the single root resistance of the plant is a very important factor for choosing the suitable soil protecting slope species; the root of the typical herbaceous plant in this mountainous area has a good tensile resistance. It is speculated that it can play an active role in the stability of shallow slope, and in the plants studied, it has the best ability to protect soil and soil slope, and it is the most suitable species for soil and water conservation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q948

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 史紅艷;;淺析水土保持工作的重要性[J];青海環(huán)境;2016年01期

2 鐘榮華;鮑玉海;賀秀斌;高進(jìn)長(zhǎng);閻丹丹;李峪;王銘鋒;;三峽水庫(kù)消落帶4種草本根系抗拉特性及根系粘聚力[J];水土保持學(xué)報(bào);2015年04期

3 左志嚴(yán);格日樂;烏仁圖雅;王娟;;內(nèi)蒙古中西部3種鄉(xiāng)土植物根系抗拉力學(xué)特性的對(duì)比研究[J];水土保持通報(bào);2015年02期

4 付江濤;李光瑩;虎嘯天;栗岳州;余冬梅;朱海麗;胡夏嵩;;植物固土護(hù)坡效應(yīng)的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)[J];工程地質(zhì)學(xué)報(bào);2014年06期

5 陸桂紅;歐國(guó)強(qiáng);楊順;王鈞;宇巖;;泥石流源區(qū)典型草本植物根系抗拉試驗(yàn)[J];山地學(xué)報(bào);2014年06期

6 肖宏彬;趙亮;李珍玉;劉衛(wèi)東;易文;田青青;李偉;;香根草根系的分布形態(tài)及抗拉強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)研究[J];中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2014年03期

7 李謙;周本智;安艷飛;徐升華;;綠竹根系分布及生物力學(xué)性質(zhì)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2014年05期

8 惠尚;張?jiān)苽?劉晶;朱廷國(guó);;叢生竹根系抗拉力學(xué)特性[J];山地學(xué)報(bào);2013年01期

9 及金楠;吳智陽(yáng);姚安坤;;林木根系單根的生物力學(xué)特性[J];福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2012年02期

10 李賀鵬;岳春雷;陳友吾;江波;袁位高;李建兵;;浙南山區(qū)6種優(yōu)勢(shì)喬木植物根系的力學(xué)特性研究[J];浙江林業(yè)科技;2010年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 蔣坤云;植物根系抗拉特性的單根微觀結(jié)構(gòu)作用機(jī)制[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2013年

2 張超波;林木根系固土護(hù)坡力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 李長(zhǎng)暄;林木單根力學(xué)性能及其影響因素研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

2 周朔;林木根系拉伸力學(xué)特性研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

3 苑淑娟;4種植物單根抗拉力學(xué)特性的研究[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

4 耿威;四種植物單根持續(xù)拉力下的抗拉特性[D];內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

，

本文編號(hào)：2170430