【摘要】：我國西北地區(qū)油砂資源豐富,勘探開發(fā)程度不均衡,就目前掌握的勘探情況來看,在準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地西北緣,吐哈盆地七克臺(tái)地區(qū),柴達(dá)木盆地魚卡、油砂山、干柴溝等地區(qū)的油砂資源勘探工作較為深入,其中,準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地西北緣烏爾禾地區(qū)、酒西盆地石油溝地區(qū)和吐哈盆地七克臺(tái)地區(qū)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了油砂資源的開發(fā)階段。相對(duì)而言,準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地的南緣地區(qū)針對(duì)油砂這一非常規(guī)油氣資源的勘探開發(fā)程度比較低。本論文的數(shù)據(jù)和內(nèi)容研究基礎(chǔ)來自于《我國重點(diǎn)地區(qū)油砂資源調(diào)查與評(píng)價(jià)》項(xiàng)目,由中國地質(zhì)調(diào)查局油氣資源調(diào)查中心資助。首先,對(duì)研究區(qū)進(jìn)行了野外地質(zhì)調(diào)查和油砂露頭的剖面實(shí)測(cè)以及油砂科探井喀油砂1井的巖心資料編錄,對(duì)研究區(qū)油砂資源的分布和地質(zhì)特征進(jìn)行了明確;然后,利用研究區(qū)野外獲取的巖石樣品進(jìn)行室內(nèi)薄片、鑄體薄片和掃描電鏡的觀察,結(jié)合前人研究資料,對(duì)研究區(qū)油砂儲(chǔ)層的巖石學(xué)特征、儲(chǔ)集空間特征和物性特征等進(jìn)行論證分析,通過粒度分析的手段,識(shí)別研究區(qū)的沉積相;之后,結(jié)合研究區(qū)油砂儲(chǔ)層的含油率和油砂的地球化學(xué)和同位素測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)研究區(qū)油砂所遭遇的降解作用和降解程度進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià);最后,根據(jù)研究推斷出的研究區(qū)油砂資源的分布特征、地質(zhì)特征和降解特征,油砂儲(chǔ)層的巖石學(xué)特征、儲(chǔ)集空間特征和物性特征,分析研究區(qū)油砂礦藏的成藏控制因素,進(jìn)一步建立研究區(qū)油砂礦藏的成藏模式,計(jì)算研究區(qū)油砂資源儲(chǔ)量,評(píng)價(jià)研究區(qū)的油砂資源潛力。研究區(qū)油砂儲(chǔ)層主要分布于侏羅系三工河組、頭屯河組地層,在背斜核部和南北兩翼皆有出露,三工河組油砂儲(chǔ)層主要出露于背斜核部,巖性主要為灰白色細(xì)粉砂巖;頭屯河組儲(chǔ)層在背斜南北兩翼皆有出露,巖性主要為黃褐色中粗砂巖。研究區(qū)油砂儲(chǔ)層的儲(chǔ)集空間類型多屬于次生孔隙,儲(chǔ)層物性等級(jí)由低孔低滲到高孔高滲不等,頭屯河組儲(chǔ)層物性略優(yōu)于三工河組儲(chǔ)層。就沉積相而言,研究區(qū)三工河組地層沉積相初步推斷為湖泊相淺湖亞相,頭屯河組地層以曲流河沉積體系為主,油砂儲(chǔ)層的沉積相主要為牛軛湖亞相以及河床亞相的河床滯留沉積和邊灘沉積。油砂地化測(cè)試分析顯示,研究區(qū)侏羅系油砂資源主要是高等植物的產(chǎn)物,萜烷和甾烷種類和構(gòu)型都僅�？寡趸芰ψ顝�(qiáng)的種類和構(gòu)型,反應(yīng)研究區(qū)侏羅系油砂遭受嚴(yán)重的降解作用。研究區(qū)侏羅系油砂成藏控制因素:1、有利的烴源巖類型;2、物性良好的儲(chǔ)集空間;3、益于成藏的構(gòu)造活動(dòng)。成藏類型屬于構(gòu)造抬升型,與研究區(qū)構(gòu)造演化密切相關(guān)。根據(jù)喀油砂1井揭示油砂地層,預(yù)測(cè)研究區(qū)頭屯河組預(yù)測(cè)油砂總資源量為5053.23×104t,油砂資源潛力較大,需要進(jìn)一步勘查和研究。
[Abstract]:There are abundant oil sand resources and uneven exploration and development in Northwest China. From the view of the exploration situation at present, in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin, Qiketai area in Turpan-Hami Basin, Yuka in Qaidam Basin, oil sand mountain in Qaidam Basin, The exploration work of oil sand resources in Ganchaigou and other areas is relatively deep. Among them, Wuerhe area on the northwest margin of Junggar basin, Yuegou area of Jiuxi basin and Qiketai area of Turpan-Hami basin have entered the stage of exploitation of oil sand resources. Relatively speaking, the degree of exploration and development of oil sands, an unconventional oil and gas resource, is relatively low in the southern margin of Junggar Basin. The data and content of this paper are based on the project "investigation and Evaluation of Oil Sand Resources in key areas of China", which is funded by the Oil and Gas Resources Survey Center of China Geological Survey. First of all, the field geological survey and the profile measurement of oil sand outcrop in the study area are carried out, and the core data of the oil sand well Ka-Shao 1 in the oil sand exploration well are recorded. The distribution and geological characteristics of oil sand resources in the study area are clarified. Using the rock samples obtained in the field of the study area for the observation of indoor sheet, cast slice and scanning electron microscope, combined with the previous research data, the petrological characteristics, reservoir space characteristics and physical properties of oil sand reservoir in the study area were demonstrated and analyzed. The sedimentary facies of the study area are identified by means of particle size analysis, and then the oil content of the oil sand reservoir and the geochemical and isotopic test data of the oil sand in the study area are combined. The degradation process and degradation degree of oil sands in the study area are analyzed and evaluated. Finally, the distribution, geological and degradation characteristics of oil sand resources, petrological characteristics of oil sand reservoir are deduced from the study. The characteristics of reservoir space and physical properties, the controlling factors of reservoir formation of oil sand deposits in the study area are analyzed, the reservoir forming model of oil sand deposits in the study area is further established, the reserves of oil sand resources in the study area are calculated, and the potential of oil sand resources in the study area is evaluated. In the study area, the oil sand reservoirs are mainly distributed in the Jurassic Sangonghe formation and the Toutunhe formation, which are exposed in both the anticline core and the north and south flanks. The oil sand reservoirs of the Sangonghe formation are mainly exposed to the anticline core, and the lithology is mainly grayish-white siltstone. The reservoirs of Toutunhe formation are exposed on the north and south flanks of the anticline, and the lithology is mainly yellowish brown medium coarse sandstone. The reservoir space types of oil sand reservoirs in the study area are mostly secondary pores, the physical properties of reservoirs vary from low porosity and low permeability to high porosity and high permeability, and the physical properties of Toutunhe formation reservoir are slightly better than that of Sangonghe formation reservoir. In terms of sedimentary facies, the stratigraphic sedimentary facies of Sangonghe formation in the study area are preliminarily inferred as lacustrine shallow lacustrine subfacies, while the Toutunhe formation is dominated by meandering stream sedimentary system. The sedimentary facies of oil sand reservoir are mainly Niuyong Lake subfacies, riverbed retention deposits and beach deposits of river bed subfacies. The geochemical analysis of oil sands showed that the Jurassic oil sand resources in the study area were mainly the products of higher plants, and the species and configurations of terpene and sterane were only the ones with the strongest antioxidant capacity. Jurassic oil sands have been severely degraded in the reaction study area. In the study area, the controlling factor of Jurassic oil sand accumulation is 1: 1, the favorable source rock type is 2, and the reservoir space with good physical properties is 3, which is beneficial to the structural activity of reservoir formation. The reservoir forming type belongs to the tectonic uplift type and is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the study area. According to the oil sand formation revealed in well 1 of kha oil sand, the total resource quantity of oil sand predicted by Toutunhe formation in the prediction research area is 5053.23 脳 10 ~ 4 t, and the potential of oil sand resource is great, which needs further exploration and study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P618.13

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