本文選題：山桃 + 實(shí)生更新��； 參考：《北方民族大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：山桃(Amygdalus davidiana)是六盤(pán)山國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)植被恢復(fù)、抗旱造林與具有重要觀賞價(jià)值的樹(shù)種。本論文在調(diào)查了六盤(pán)山區(qū)山桃林植株的結(jié)實(shí)率和林下幼苗庫(kù)數(shù)量及年齡組成的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了與山桃種群更新相關(guān)的種子擴(kuò)散、種子休眠及其破除方法、種子萌發(fā)和幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響因素等環(huán)節(jié)及其協(xié)同關(guān)系,并研究了機(jī)械性傷害對(duì)山桃幼苗萌生能力的影響,研究結(jié)果可為山桃種群的天然或人工更新及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.本研究的山桃種群所在年份處于結(jié)實(shí)小年;坡位和林冠生境通過(guò)影響光照和土壤水分異質(zhì)性從而影響山桃幼苗生長(zhǎng)與存活。山桃種群在2016年結(jié)實(shí)量(坡底平均為3.44個(gè)/株)和結(jié)實(shí)率(坡底為0.24%)都極低;生境(林冠間隙/林冠下)因素對(duì)山桃林幼苗庫(kù)的密度具有顯著影響(P0.01),林冠間隙和林冠下的幼苗密度均在坡底最高,坡頂?shù)牧止陂g隙和林冠下生境間差異顯著(P0.01),其它坡位的不同生境間及不同坡位間均無(wú)顯著差異;幼苗庫(kù)中2-3年生和4-5年生幼苗數(shù)量占優(yōu)勢(shì),1年生和6年生以上幼苗相對(duì)較少。2.土壤覆蓋有利于山桃種子的存留;種子特征和嚙齒動(dòng)物的搬運(yùn)與貯藏的協(xié)同作用促進(jìn)種子擴(kuò)散。土壤覆蓋處理的種子在密度為1枚/m2、4枚/m2、9枚/m2下的留存率均最高,分別為83.33%、41.67%、47.22%;清除凋落物處理種子在相對(duì)較低的密度(1枚/m2和4枚/m2)下搬運(yùn)后的貯藏率較高,分別為16.67%和18.75%;在不同覆蓋處理和密度下山桃種子被嚙齒動(dòng)物搬運(yùn)后取食和貯藏的距離均無(wú)顯著性差異(P0.05),而搬運(yùn)后取食的距離均大于搬運(yùn)后貯藏距離�？傮w而言,不同覆蓋物處理種子被動(dòng)物搬運(yùn)后取食和貯藏的距離均為凋落物覆蓋清除凋落物土壤覆蓋;清除凋落物處理種子被搬運(yùn)距離的分布頻次集中于1-3 m、3-5 m、5-10 m距離組,凋落物覆蓋處理種子集中于3-5 m、5-10 m距離組,土壤覆蓋處理種子集中于1 m、1-3 m、3-5 m距離組。3.低溫層積可有效地打破山桃種子的休眠,從而促進(jìn)其萌發(fā)。山桃種子的最佳層積時(shí)間為35 d,而隨著層積處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),種子萌發(fā)參數(shù)略有下降;不同大、小山桃種子的萌發(fā)率均隨著光照強(qiáng)度的降低而減小。山桃大種子在播種深度為0.5 cm和1 cm下所有萌發(fā)參數(shù)均顯著高于小種子(P0.05),而相對(duì)較深的播種深度不利于山桃種子萌發(fā)。4.光照和水分是影響山桃幼苗生長(zhǎng)與存活重要環(huán)境因子。山桃幼苗的株高在較強(qiáng)光照(55.4%自然全光照(natural sunlight,NS))下最小(9.9 cm),其與單株葉面積均隨著光照的減弱先增大后減小;幼苗基徑、葉片數(shù)、主根長(zhǎng)、側(cè)根數(shù)、總干質(zhì)量和根冠比等生長(zhǎng)參數(shù)均在55.4%NS或18.9%NS下最大,且隨光照的減弱表現(xiàn)出持續(xù)減小或波動(dòng)性減小的趨勢(shì);隨著光照的減弱,比根長(zhǎng)、比枝長(zhǎng)和比葉面積均隨光照的減弱而增大,在5.5%NS或2.2%NS處理最大。總的來(lái)說(shuō),光照有利于山桃幼苗的生長(zhǎng)和干物質(zhì)積累,幼苗在不同光強(qiáng)下具有較大的形態(tài)學(xué)可塑性,表明其對(duì)自然分布區(qū)生境光照條件具有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性。在強(qiáng)光與干旱脅迫的綜合影響下,山桃幼苗通過(guò)降低株高、單株葉面積,增大其根冠比來(lái)適應(yīng)環(huán)境,而充足的光照和水分條件則有利于山桃幼苗生物量的積累。在55.4%NS光照強(qiáng)度下,每3 d和7 d澆一次500 ml水的幼苗干質(zhì)量顯著大于其它處理幼苗的(P0.05)。5.不同坡位生境影響山桃幼苗的生長(zhǎng)與存活。結(jié)果表明:人工移栽幼苗的存活率表現(xiàn)為坡底中坡坡頂;幼苗株高、基徑、主根長(zhǎng)、葉片數(shù)、單株葉面積和總干質(zhì)量等生長(zhǎng)參數(shù)均在坡底最大,中坡最小,葉片數(shù)由坡底到坡頂逐漸減少;根冠比在坡底最小(0.36),不同坡位間差異不顯著,而比葉面積在坡底最大(241.3 cm2·g-1),坡頂最小(200.1 cm2·g-1),且顯著小于坡底和中坡(P0.01)。6.萌生更新是山桃種群實(shí)生更新的重要補(bǔ)充。山桃植株的損傷可以一定程度地促進(jìn)萌條的萌生,從而抵抗外界的干擾,表明萌生對(duì)山桃種群更新有重要作用。保留10 cm樹(shù)樁高度的幼苗萌條數(shù)、萌條長(zhǎng)和萌條基徑均為最大,并顯著大于對(duì)照幼苗(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Amygdalus davidiana is a species of vegetation restoration, drought resistant afforestation and important ornamental value in the six Panshan National Nature Reserve. On the basis of the investigation of the seed setting rate and the number of young seedlings and the age composition of the under forest young seedlings, this paper studies the seed diffusion related to the regeneration of the peach population and the seed rest. The effects of mechanical injury on the germination ability of peach seedlings were studied. The results could provide a scientific basis for natural or artificial regeneration and ecosystem management of peach population. The main results are as follows: 1. the species of peach species in this study The year of the group was in a stout year; the slope position and the canopy habitat affected the growth and survival of the seedlings of the peach trees by affecting the light and soil moisture heterogeneity. The fruit weight of the peach population in 2016 (3.44 per plant on the bottom of the slope) and the seed setting rate (0.24%) were very low, and the habitat (canopy gap / canopy) factors were closely related to the seedling bank of the peach forest. There was significant influence (P0.01). The seedling density of canopy gap and canopy was highest at the bottom of slope, and there was significant difference between canopy gap and under canopy habitat (P0.01) at the top of the slope (P0.01). There was no significant difference between the different habitats and different slope positions in other slope positions; the number of seedlings of 2-3 and 4-5 year seedlings in the seedling bank was dominant, and 1 and 6 years old were more than young. The relative less.2. soil coverage was beneficial to the survival of the seeds of the peach; the seed characteristics and the synergism of the rodent handling and storage promoted the seed diffusion. The seed retention rates of soil covered treated seeds were the highest under the density of 1 /m2,4 /m2,9 /m2, respectively, 41.67% and 47.22%, respectively. The seeds treated with litter were relatively low. The storage rate of the density (1 /m2 and 4 /m2) was higher, 16.67% and 18.75%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the distance between feeding and storage after the rodent handling in different coverage and density (P0.05), and the distance of food after handling was larger than the storage distance after carrying. The distance between the feeding and storage of the seeds was covered by litter covered litter and litter. The distribution of litter removal distances was concentrated in 1-3 m, 3-5 m, 5-10 m distance groups, and the litter covered seeds were concentrated in 3-5 m, 5-10 m distance group, and soil cover treatment seeds concentrated on 1 m, 1-3 m, 3-5 m. .3. low temperature stratification in distance group can effectively break the dormancy of peach seed and promote its germination. The best layer accumulation time of peach seeds is 35 d, while the seed germination parameters decrease slightly with the lengthening of stratification processing time, and the germination rate of Peach Seeds decreases with the decrease of light intensity. All germination parameters under 0.5 cm and 1 cm were significantly higher than that of small seeds (P0.05), while the relatively deep sowing depth was not conducive to.4. illumination and water as an important environmental factor affecting the growth and survival of peach seedlings. The plant height of peach seedlings was the smallest (9.9 cm) under the strong illumination (55.4% natural sunlight, NS). The leaf area of the single plant increased first and then decreased with the light intensity, and the growth parameters such as the seedling base diameter, the number of leaves, the length of the main root, the number of the lateral roots, the total dry mass and the root and crown ratio were the largest in 55.4%NS or 18.9%NS, and showed a tendency to decrease continuously or to decrease with the light attenuation; as the light weakened, the root length, the length of the shoot and the specific leaf were longer. The area increased with the decrease of light, and was the largest in 5.5%NS or 2.2%NS. In general, light was beneficial to the growth and dry matter accumulation of peach seedlings. The seedlings had large morphological plasticity under different light intensity. It showed that the light had a strong adaptability to the light conditions in the natural distribution area. Under the influence, the seedlings of peach seedlings can be adapted to the environment by reducing plant height, single leaf area and increasing the root and crown ratio, while sufficient light and water conditions are beneficial to the accumulation of the biomass of peach seedlings. Under 55.4%NS light intensity, the dry quality of the seedlings of 500 ml water per 3 D and 7 d is significantly greater than that of the other seedlings (P0.05).5. at different slope positions. The results showed that the survival rate of the seedlings of peach seedlings showed that the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings was the top slope in the slope bottom, the seedling height, the base diameter, the length of the main root, the number of leaves, the leaf area and the total dry quality were the largest, the middle slope was the smallest, the number of leaves decreased gradually from the bottom to the top of the slope, and the root crown ratio was the smallest (0.36) at the slope bottom. The difference between the different slope positions is not significant, and the specific leaf area is the largest (241.3 cm2. G-1), the top of the slope (200.1 cm2. G-1), and significantly less than the slope bottom and the middle slope (P0.01).6. germination and renewal is an important supplement to the growth of the peach population. The number of seedlings with the height of 10 cm stump, the length of germination and the basal diameter of the sprout were the largest, and were significantly greater than those of the control seedlings (P0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北方民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q948.1

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