本文選題：礦床地質(zhì)特征 + 礦床成因�。� 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：圖古日格金礦位于內(nèi)蒙古西部烏拉特中旗,大地構(gòu)造位置位于華北板塊北緣,中亞造山帶之上,興蒙造山帶西段。在早古生代,研究區(qū)處于古亞洲洋俯沖增生階段,隨著古亞洲洋在晚古生代的閉合消亡,在二疊紀(jì)進(jìn)入了由擠壓轉(zhuǎn)換為伸展構(gòu)造背景的后碰撞伸展階段。礦區(qū)出露的地層主要為下元古界寶音圖群上段和第四系。礦區(qū)斷裂構(gòu)造發(fā)育,金礦脈整體受北西向脆性斷裂控制。區(qū)內(nèi)巖漿巖較發(fā)育,從酸性巖到基性巖均有出露。測年結(jié)果顯示中二疊世石英閃長巖形成最晚,年齡為266±2Ma。研究認(rèn)為其中早二疊世似斑狀二長花崗巖和石英閃長巖與金礦化關(guān)系密切,中二疊世輝石巖和角閃輝長巖與銅鎳礦化關(guān)系密切。結(jié)合區(qū)域資料及構(gòu)造判別圖解認(rèn)為石英閃長巖為區(qū)域后碰撞伸展構(gòu)造背景條件下的巖漿活動產(chǎn)物。金礦體整體以脈狀的形態(tài)呈北西-南東向分布,礦體的礦化類型以含礦石英脈型為主,其次還有破碎蝕變巖型。礦石結(jié)構(gòu)主要有不等粒結(jié)構(gòu)、包含結(jié)構(gòu)、固溶體分離結(jié)構(gòu)、交代環(huán)邊結(jié)構(gòu)、碎裂結(jié)構(gòu)。礦石構(gòu)造主要為脈狀構(gòu)造和稀疏浸染狀構(gòu)造。礦石礦物主要有黃鐵礦、黃銅礦、方鉛礦、閃鋅礦和自然金,還有少量的碲金礦、黝銅礦和銅藍(lán)等。圍巖蝕變類型主要有鉀化、硅化、黃鐵絹英巖化、綠泥石化、綠簾石化、絹云母化、碳酸鹽化等,其中硅化、黃鐵絹英巖化與金礦化關(guān)系最為密切。根據(jù)礦體野外地質(zhì)特征,鏡下光薄片中礦物的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造、礦物之間的穿插關(guān)系、礦物組合及生成順序,可將熱液成礦期劃分為四個成礦階段:石英—鐵白云石階段(Ⅰ)、石英—明金—黃鐵礦階段(Ⅱ)、石英—金—多金屬硫化物階段(Ⅲ)和石英-碳酸巖階段(Ⅳ),其中第Ⅱ與第Ⅲ階段為金主成礦階段。該礦區(qū)發(fā)育大量的鐵白云石和明金,其中鐵白云石為成礦早階段的產(chǎn)物,反映一種貧s2-氧化程度較高的環(huán)境。針對成礦早階段的鐵白云石,成礦主階段和晚階段的石英進(jìn)行流體包裹體研究測試分析,結(jié)果表明,金礦成礦流體為co2-h2o-nacl體系,在成礦過程中發(fā)生明顯的流體不混溶作用。三個階段的均一溫度峰值分別為320~340℃,240~280℃和240~250℃;鹽度峰值分別為8~9wt%nacl.eqv,4~7wt%nacl.eqv和1~2wt%nacl.eqv;密度峰值分別為0.74~0.78g/cm3,0.84~0.88g/cm3和0.92~1.00g/cm3;具有中溫,低鹽度,低密度的特征。估算主成礦階段成礦壓力為70~114mpa,成礦深度為6.78~8.86km,具有中成深度的特點。氫、氧、硫同位素測試結(jié)果表明,成礦流體主要為地幔初生水,后期有大氣降水的加入,成礦物質(zhì)主要來自地幔。綜上,本文認(rèn)為圖古日格金礦床的成因類型為中成造山型金礦床。系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了金礦床的礦化富集規(guī)律,認(rèn)為金礦脈嚴(yán)格受nw向和nww向2組形成于同一應(yīng)力場下的追蹤裂隙構(gòu)造控制,沿2組裂隙的差異追蹤形成了2組產(chǎn)狀差異明顯的礦脈,具體表現(xiàn)為:nw向礦脈追蹤nw向裂隙比nww向裂隙更長,nww向礦脈追蹤nww向裂隙比nw向裂隙更長;同一組走向的礦脈近似平行排列,礦體在走向上和傾向上的分布具有明顯的橫向?qū)?yīng)規(guī)律;礦體分布具有分段富集規(guī)律和側(cè)伏規(guī)律,nw向的礦脈在nww向部位和緩傾角部位礦化富集;nww向的礦脈在nw向部位和陡傾角部位礦化富集;nw向礦體向nw向側(cè)伏,nww向礦體向nww向側(cè)伏,側(cè)伏角均較小�？氐V構(gòu)造應(yīng)力分析顯示,nw向和nww向兩組方向追蹤裂隙分別具有左旋壓扭和右旋張扭的特點。綜上,找礦的重點應(yīng)該分別在礦脈的側(cè)伏方向上的nw段和nww段的深部位置。在圖古日格金礦區(qū)出露有數(shù)個基性-超基性巖體,并在個別巖體中發(fā)現(xiàn)了銅鎳礦化。含礦巖體主要為中粗粒輝石巖。輝石巖鋯石測年結(jié)果顯示,這些巖體形成年齡為273.5~274.4ma;構(gòu)造判別圖解顯示輝石巖形成于華北板塊與南蒙古陸塊碰撞后伸展環(huán)境;北部含礦巖體具有較高的連續(xù)的大范圍的正磁異常,反映該區(qū)域可能有隱伏巖體存在。綜上認(rèn)為,該區(qū)有進(jìn)一步銅鎳找礦潛力。
[Abstract]:Located in the northern margin of the western Inner Mongolia, the tectono tectonic position is located on the northern margin of the North China plate, the Central Asian orogenic belt and the western section of the Xingmeng orogenic belt. In the early Palaeozoic, the study area was in the subduction and proliferation stage of the ancient Asian Ocean. With the closure of the ancient Asian Ocean in the late Paleozoic, the study area was transformed from extrusion to extension during the Permian period. The mining area is mainly in the Upper Proterozoic treasure phoneme group and the quaternary system. The fault structure is developed in the mining area. The gold vein is controlled by the northwestern brittle fracture. The magmatic rocks are more developed in the area, from the acid rock to the basic rock. The results of the dating show that the Permian quartz diorite formed the most. Late Permian porphyritic two feldspar and quartz diorite are closely related to gold mineralization at the age of 266 + 2Ma.. The Middle Permian pyroxenite and hornblende gabbro are closely related to copper nickel mineralization. The gold body is a product of activity. The gold ore body is distributed in the North West to South East in the form of pulse shape. The mineralization type of ore body is mainly composed of ore quartz vein type, followed by fractured altered rock type. The ore structure mainly consists of unequal grain structure, including structure, solid solution separation structure, metasomatism ring edge structure and fractured structure. Ore structure is mainly pulse structure and dilute structure. The ore minerals are mainly pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite and natural gold, and a small amount of tellurite, Tan, sericite, sericite, chlorinization, epidochemistry, sericization, carbonation, etc., in which silicification, silicization and gold mineralization According to the field geological characteristics of the ore body, the structure structure of mineral, the interpenetration relationship between minerals, mineral assemblage and the order of formation can be divided into four metallogenic stages: Quartz - ferric dolomite stage (I), quartz - Ming gold pyrite stage (II), quartz gold polymetallic vulcanization Phase II (III) and quartz carbonatite stage (IV), of which stage II and stage III are the gold main metallogenic stage. A large number of ferric dolomite and Ming gold are developed in this mining area, of which ferric dolomite is the product of early mineralization, reflecting a poor environment with high s2- oxidation degree. The results show that the gold ore-forming fluid is co2-h2o-nacl system, and the fluid immiscibility is obvious during the metallogenic process. The peak average temperature of the three stages is 320~340, 240~280 and 240~250, respectively, and the peak value of the salinity is 8~9wt%nacl.eqv, 4~7wt%nacl.eqv and 1~2wt%nacl.eqv respectively. The peak density is 0.74~0.78g/cm3,0.84~0.88g/cm3 and 0.92~1.00g/cm3 respectively. It has the characteristics of middle temperature, low salinity and low density. It is estimated that the metallogenic pressure of the main metallogenic stage is 70~114mpa, the metallogenic depth is 6.78~8.86km, and it has the characteristics of meso depth. The results of hydrogen, oxygen and sulfur isotope test show that the ore fluid is mainly primary mantle water in the mantle and the later period is large. With the addition of gas and precipitation, the metallogenic material mainly comes from the mantle. In this paper, the genesis type of the gold deposit is considered as a middle orogenic gold deposit. The mineralization enrichment law of the gold deposits is summarized systematically. It is believed that the gold vein is strictly controlled by the traced fracture structure formed under the same stress field in the 2 groups of NW and NWW direction, and the difference along the gap between the 2 groups. 2 groups of veins with distinct differences were traced, which were shown as follows: NW traced NW to the veins longer than NWW in the vein, and NWW traced the vein to the fracture longer than that of NW to the fissure; the ore veins in the same group were approximately parallel, and the ore body in the upward and inclined distribution had a distinct transverse correspondence; the ore body was distributed. NW veins are mineralized and enriched in NWW direction and gently inclined angle, and NWW veins are mineralized and enriched in NW direction and steep dip, NW toward the ore body to NW side, NWW toward the ore body to NWW to the side, and the side volt angle is smaller. The ore control structural stress analysis shows that NW direction and NWW are traced to two groups of directions in the direction of fissure. Not with the characteristics of left-handed and dextral twisting. To sum up, the focus of the prospecting should be in the deep position of the NW and NWW segments in the direction of the vein. There are several basic ultrabasic rocks in the Kutu gold area, and the copper nickel mineralization is found in some rocks. The ore bearing rock is mainly medium coarse granitic pyroxenite. The rock dating shows that the rock formation age is 273.5~274.4ma, and the tectonic discriminative diagram shows that the pyroxenite formed after the collision between the North China plate and the southern Mongolia land block, and the northern ore bearing rock mass has a high continuous large range of positive magnetic anomalies, reflecting the possibility of the existence of concealed rock masses in the region. Copper and nickel prospecting potential.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P618.2

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