本文選題：活禽市場(chǎng) + 清洗消毒��； 參考：《南昌大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:活禽市場(chǎng)在禽流感病毒的儲(chǔ)存、繁殖以及傳播的過(guò)程中扮演著非常重要的角色。因此,對(duì)活禽市場(chǎng)的科學(xué)管理是目前從源頭上防控禽流感的有效措施,本研究通過(guò)對(duì)不同頻率消毒效果進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),并且觀察消毒后禽流感病毒的消長(zhǎng)情況,掌握活禽市場(chǎng)中禽流感病毒的消長(zhǎng)規(guī)律,為活禽市場(chǎng)的科學(xué)管理提供理論依據(jù)。方法:(1)消毒采樣,選擇城區(qū)所有農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)中禽類產(chǎn)品比較豐富的5個(gè)大型農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)為研究現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。對(duì)每個(gè)市場(chǎng)內(nèi)所有活禽攤點(diǎn)采取不同頻次的消毒措施,并選定其中3個(gè)攤點(diǎn)進(jìn)行后續(xù)采樣,不足3個(gè)攤點(diǎn)則全部采樣。(2)實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測(cè),環(huán)境標(biāo)本在采集后1周內(nèi)使用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)法(RT-PCR)進(jìn)行A型流感病毒核酸檢測(cè),陽(yáng)性標(biāo)本再進(jìn)行病毒培養(yǎng)分離。(3)數(shù)據(jù)分析,利用Epidata3.0創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)并進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的錄入,應(yīng)用spss17.0軟件包進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。統(tǒng)計(jì)方法采用描述性統(tǒng)計(jì)分析、卡方檢驗(yàn)、重復(fù)測(cè)量資料的方差分析和廣義估計(jì)方程(Generalized Estimated Equation,GEE),假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)的顯著性水準(zhǔn)設(shè)為0.05,當(dāng)P0.05時(shí),認(rèn)為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)果:(1)5家活禽市場(chǎng)共采集樣本1646份,393份標(biāo)本A型流感病毒陽(yáng)性(核酸陽(yáng)性率為23.88%),172份標(biāo)本病毒培養(yǎng)陽(yáng)性(病毒分離率為43.77%)。污水標(biāo)本病毒核酸陽(yáng)性率最高,達(dá)34.42%。不同類型標(biāo)本核酸陽(yáng)性率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(X2=44.23,P=0.000)。各市場(chǎng)環(huán)境標(biāo)本的核酸陽(yáng)性率(X2=48.2,P=0.000)與病毒分離率(X2=11.72,P=0.002)之間有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。(2)首次清洗前后的核酸陽(yáng)性率有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(X2=6.6,P=0.01),而清洗前后的病毒分離率、消毒前后的核酸陽(yáng)性率和病毒分離率均沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。(3)活禽市場(chǎng)復(fù)營(yíng)業(yè)第一天,不同干預(yù)措施之間核酸陽(yáng)性率有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=5.05,P=0.028),通過(guò)成對(duì)比較得知,消毒市場(chǎng)與對(duì)照市場(chǎng)之間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.013)。(4)5個(gè)活禽市場(chǎng)每日采樣結(jié)果,市場(chǎng)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(WaldX2=170.897,P=0.000),時(shí)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(WaldX2=31.743,P=0.000)。與對(duì)照市場(chǎng)相比,4個(gè)干預(yù)市場(chǎng)M1、M2、M3、M4的OR值分別為0.746、0.880、0.844、0.917。結(jié)論:(1)五個(gè)活禽市場(chǎng)所有類型標(biāo)本均檢測(cè)出禽流感病毒核酸陽(yáng)性,且除鴿咽拭子外,均分離出禽流感病毒。污水的核酸陽(yáng)性率最高,其次為雞咽拭子和容器;雞咽拭子的病毒分離率最高,其次為脫毛機(jī)和污水。(2)4個(gè)干預(yù)市場(chǎng)首次清洗消毒前后,只有清洗前后的核酸陽(yáng)性率有明顯變化。復(fù)營(yíng)業(yè)第一天,各市場(chǎng)禽類咽拭子標(biāo)本核酸陽(yáng)性率及病毒分離率處于同一水平。消毒市場(chǎng)環(huán)境標(biāo)本的核酸陽(yáng)性率在1小時(shí)內(nèi)就上升到了穩(wěn)定的污染水平,且低于同時(shí)間的對(duì)照市場(chǎng)和消毒市場(chǎng)的首次檢測(cè)結(jié)果。(3)與對(duì)照市場(chǎng)相比,每日消毒、每3天消毒一次和每7天消毒一次的干預(yù)措施效果明顯,其中每日消毒的效果最明顯,研究期間,每日的核酸陽(yáng)性率均低于對(duì)照市場(chǎng)。除每日消毒的市場(chǎng)外,其他三個(gè)干預(yù)市場(chǎng)外環(huán)境中的病毒核酸陽(yáng)性率在48小時(shí)之內(nèi)就會(huì)上升至與對(duì)照市場(chǎng)相同的水平。而病毒分離率在72小時(shí)之內(nèi)均上升至與對(duì)照市場(chǎng)相同的水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: the live poultry market plays a very important role in the storage, propagation and transmission of avian influenza virus. Therefore, the scientific management of the live poultry market is an effective measure to prevent and control avian influenza from the source at the source. This study evaluates the disinfection effect at different frequencies and observes the decline of avian influenza virus after disinfection. To grasp the law of avian influenza virus growth in the live poultry market and provide theoretical basis for the scientific management of the live poultry market. Methods: (1) to disinfect sampling and select 5 large farmers' markets in all farmers' markets in the urban area as the research site. 3 of them were selected for follow-up sampling, and less than 3 stalls were all sampled. (2) laboratory testing, environmental specimens were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for A virus nucleic acid detection, and the positive specimens were then separated by virus culture in 1 weeks after collection. (3) data analysis, and the use of Epidata3.0 Database and data entry, SPSS17.0 software package for statistical analysis. Statistical methods are descriptive statistical analysis, chi square test, repeated measurements of variance analysis and generalized estimation equation (Generalized Estimated Equation, GEE), the hypothesis test of explicit level is set to 0.05, when P0.05, think there is statistical meaning Results: (1) 1646 samples were collected from 5 live poultry markets, 393 specimens of A influenza virus positive (nucleic acid positive rate 23.88%), 172 specimens of virus culture positive (virus isolation rate 43.77%). The positive rate of virus nucleic acid in sewage specimens was the highest, and the difference of nucleic acid positive rate of different types of 34.42%. specimens was statistically significant (X2=44.23, P=0.000). The positive rate of nucleic acid (X2=48.2, P=0.000) and virus isolation rate (X2=11.72, P=0.002) in all the market environment specimens were statistically significant. (2) the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after the first cleaning was statistically significant (X2=6.6, P=0.01), but the virus isolation rate before and after cleaning, the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after the elimination of poison and the virus isolation rate were not statistically significant. (3) The first day of the live poultry market, the positive rate of nucleic acid between different interventions was statistically significant (F=5.05, P=0.028). The difference between the disinfection market and the control market was statistically significant (P=0.013). (4) the 5 live poultry markets sampled daily fruit, and there was a statistically significant difference between the markets (WaldX2=170.897, P=0.000). The difference was statistically significant (WaldX2=31.743, P=0.000). Compared with the control market, the OR values of M1, M2, M3 and M4 in the 4 intervention markets were 0.746,0.880,0.844,0.917. conclusion: (1) all the specimens of five live poultry markets detected the positive of avian influenza virus nucleic acid, and the avian influenza virus was isolated from the pigeon swabs. The nucleic acid positive of the sewage was positive. The rate of chicken swab swab and container was the highest, the virus isolation rate of chicken swab swab was the highest, followed by the hair removal machine and sewage. (2) before and after the first cleaning and disinfection in the 4 intervention markets, the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after cleaning was obviously changed. The positive rate of nucleic acid and the rate of virus separation in the poultry swab specimens of each market were in the same water on the first day of business. The positive rate of nucleic acid in the disinfection market environment specimens increased to a stable level of pollution within 1 hours, and was lower than the first test results of the same time control market and the disinfection market. (3) the effect of daily disinfection, disinfection once every 3 days and once every 7 days was obvious compared with the control market, and the effect of daily disinfection was effective. The positive rate of nucleic acid was lower than the control market during the study period. In addition to the daily disinfection market, the positive rate of virus nucleic acid in the other three intervening markets increased to the same level as the control market in 48 hours, and the virus isolation rate increased to the same water as the control market at 72. Flat.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S852.65

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本文編號(hào)：2008337