本文選題：活禽市場 + 清洗消毒�。� 參考：《南昌大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的:活禽市場在禽流感病毒的儲存、繁殖以及傳播的過程中扮演著非常重要的角色。因此,對活禽市場的科學(xué)管理是目前從源頭上防控禽流感的有效措施,本研究通過對不同頻率消毒效果進行評價,并且觀察消毒后禽流感病毒的消長情況,掌握活禽市場中禽流感病毒的消長規(guī)律,為活禽市場的科學(xué)管理提供理論依據(jù)。方法:(1)消毒采樣,選擇城區(qū)所有農(nóng)貿(mào)市場中禽類產(chǎn)品比較豐富的5個大型農(nóng)貿(mào)市場為研究現(xiàn)場。對每個市場內(nèi)所有活禽攤點采取不同頻次的消毒措施,并選定其中3個攤點進行后續(xù)采樣,不足3個攤點則全部采樣。(2)實驗室檢測,環(huán)境標本在采集后1周內(nèi)使用實時熒光定量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)法(RT-PCR)進行A型流感病毒核酸檢測,陽性標本再進行病毒培養(yǎng)分離。(3)數(shù)據(jù)分析,利用Epidata3.0創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫并進行數(shù)據(jù)的錄入,應(yīng)用spss17.0軟件包進行統(tǒng)計分析。統(tǒng)計方法采用描述性統(tǒng)計分析、卡方檢驗、重復(fù)測量資料的方差分析和廣義估計方程(Generalized Estimated Equation,GEE),假設(shè)檢驗的顯著性水準設(shè)為0.05,當P0.05時,認為有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。結(jié)果:(1)5家活禽市場共采集樣本1646份,393份標本A型流感病毒陽性(核酸陽性率為23.88%),172份標本病毒培養(yǎng)陽性(病毒分離率為43.77%)。污水標本病毒核酸陽性率最高,達34.42%。不同類型標本核酸陽性率差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(X2=44.23,P=0.000)。各市場環(huán)境標本的核酸陽性率(X2=48.2,P=0.000)與病毒分離率(X2=11.72,P=0.002)之間有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。(2)首次清洗前后的核酸陽性率有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(X2=6.6,P=0.01),而清洗前后的病毒分離率、消毒前后的核酸陽性率和病毒分離率均沒有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。(3)活禽市場復(fù)營業(yè)第一天,不同干預(yù)措施之間核酸陽性率有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=5.05,P=0.028),通過成對比較得知,消毒市場與對照市場之間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.013)。(4)5個活禽市場每日采樣結(jié)果,市場間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(WaldX2=170.897,P=0.000),時間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(WaldX2=31.743,P=0.000)。與對照市場相比,4個干預(yù)市場M1、M2、M3、M4的OR值分別為0.746、0.880、0.844、0.917。結(jié)論:(1)五個活禽市場所有類型標本均檢測出禽流感病毒核酸陽性,且除鴿咽拭子外,均分離出禽流感病毒。污水的核酸陽性率最高,其次為雞咽拭子和容器;雞咽拭子的病毒分離率最高,其次為脫毛機和污水。(2)4個干預(yù)市場首次清洗消毒前后,只有清洗前后的核酸陽性率有明顯變化。復(fù)營業(yè)第一天,各市場禽類咽拭子標本核酸陽性率及病毒分離率處于同一水平。消毒市場環(huán)境標本的核酸陽性率在1小時內(nèi)就上升到了穩(wěn)定的污染水平,且低于同時間的對照市場和消毒市場的首次檢測結(jié)果。(3)與對照市場相比,每日消毒、每3天消毒一次和每7天消毒一次的干預(yù)措施效果明顯,其中每日消毒的效果最明顯,研究期間,每日的核酸陽性率均低于對照市場。除每日消毒的市場外,其他三個干預(yù)市場外環(huán)境中的病毒核酸陽性率在48小時之內(nèi)就會上升至與對照市場相同的水平。而病毒分離率在72小時之內(nèi)均上升至與對照市場相同的水平。
[Abstract]:Objective: the live poultry market plays a very important role in the storage, propagation and transmission of avian influenza virus. Therefore, the scientific management of the live poultry market is an effective measure to prevent and control avian influenza from the source at the source. This study evaluates the disinfection effect at different frequencies and observes the decline of avian influenza virus after disinfection. To grasp the law of avian influenza virus growth in the live poultry market and provide theoretical basis for the scientific management of the live poultry market. Methods: (1) to disinfect sampling and select 5 large farmers' markets in all farmers' markets in the urban area as the research site. 3 of them were selected for follow-up sampling, and less than 3 stalls were all sampled. (2) laboratory testing, environmental specimens were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for A virus nucleic acid detection, and the positive specimens were then separated by virus culture in 1 weeks after collection. (3) data analysis, and the use of Epidata3.0 Database and data entry, SPSS17.0 software package for statistical analysis. Statistical methods are descriptive statistical analysis, chi square test, repeated measurements of variance analysis and generalized estimation equation (Generalized Estimated Equation, GEE), the hypothesis test of explicit level is set to 0.05, when P0.05, think there is statistical meaning Results: (1) 1646 samples were collected from 5 live poultry markets, 393 specimens of A influenza virus positive (nucleic acid positive rate 23.88%), 172 specimens of virus culture positive (virus isolation rate 43.77%). The positive rate of virus nucleic acid in sewage specimens was the highest, and the difference of nucleic acid positive rate of different types of 34.42%. specimens was statistically significant (X2=44.23, P=0.000). The positive rate of nucleic acid (X2=48.2, P=0.000) and virus isolation rate (X2=11.72, P=0.002) in all the market environment specimens were statistically significant. (2) the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after the first cleaning was statistically significant (X2=6.6, P=0.01), but the virus isolation rate before and after cleaning, the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after the elimination of poison and the virus isolation rate were not statistically significant. (3) The first day of the live poultry market, the positive rate of nucleic acid between different interventions was statistically significant (F=5.05, P=0.028). The difference between the disinfection market and the control market was statistically significant (P=0.013). (4) the 5 live poultry markets sampled daily fruit, and there was a statistically significant difference between the markets (WaldX2=170.897, P=0.000). The difference was statistically significant (WaldX2=31.743, P=0.000). Compared with the control market, the OR values of M1, M2, M3 and M4 in the 4 intervention markets were 0.746,0.880,0.844,0.917. conclusion: (1) all the specimens of five live poultry markets detected the positive of avian influenza virus nucleic acid, and the avian influenza virus was isolated from the pigeon swabs. The nucleic acid positive of the sewage was positive. The rate of chicken swab swab and container was the highest, the virus isolation rate of chicken swab swab was the highest, followed by the hair removal machine and sewage. (2) before and after the first cleaning and disinfection in the 4 intervention markets, the positive rate of nucleic acid before and after cleaning was obviously changed. The positive rate of nucleic acid and the rate of virus separation in the poultry swab specimens of each market were in the same water on the first day of business. The positive rate of nucleic acid in the disinfection market environment specimens increased to a stable level of pollution within 1 hours, and was lower than the first test results of the same time control market and the disinfection market. (3) the effect of daily disinfection, disinfection once every 3 days and once every 7 days was obvious compared with the control market, and the effect of daily disinfection was effective. The positive rate of nucleic acid was lower than the control market during the study period. In addition to the daily disinfection market, the positive rate of virus nucleic acid in the other three intervening markets increased to the same level as the control market in 48 hours, and the virus isolation rate increased to the same water as the control market at 72. Flat.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S852.65

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