本文選題：異蚤蠅 + 雌雄配對(duì)　； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：異蚤蠅屬M(fèi)egaselia隸屬于雙翅目Diptera蚤蠅科Phoroidae,裂蚤蠅亞科Metopininae,是蚤蠅科種類最多的屬。目前世界已知的有1500多種,而超過60%為單性種,且多為雄性種。異蚤蠅體型小、存在明顯的性二型,雌雄配對(duì)困難。有些種形態(tài)鑒定缺乏有效的鑒別特征,導(dǎo)致物種鑒定存疑。DNA條形碼在很大程度上可以解決這些問題。本研究基于線粒體COI基因和形態(tài)學(xué)特征,對(duì)遼寧省異蚤蠅屬的部分種類進(jìn)行雌雄配對(duì)以及形態(tài)描述,并對(duì)遼寧省異蚤蠅地理格局進(jìn)行初步探討。通過MP樹和NJ樹的構(gòu)建,包括外群(5種)在內(nèi)的45個(gè)種均以高達(dá)96%以上的支持率各自聚為一支,其中40種(亞種)異蚤蠅共有38種(亞種)雌雄成功配對(duì)。異蚤蠅序列具有明顯的堿基偏好性,A+T含量為67.7%,G+C含量為32.3%。40種(亞種)異蚤蠅屬種(亞種)間、種(亞種)內(nèi)序列差異范圍分別為6.93%-23.37%、0.00-0.85%,與其他類群相似,略偏大。NJ樹與MP樹顯示,異蚤蠅種類并未與柵蚤蠅、栓蚤蠅等外群明顯分開,且屬間序列差異范圍與種間差異范圍重疊,從分子水平證明異蚤蠅屬的并系性。描述了38種(亞種)異蚤蠅,其中Ⅰ組2種,Ⅱ組7種,Ⅳ組8種,Ⅴ組2種,Ⅵ組1種,Ⅶ組14種(亞種),Ⅷ組4種;其中已知種21種(方紅2008博士論文3種),未知種17種。發(fā)現(xiàn)異蚤蠅種的鑒定特征主要集中在觸角上鬃、中側(cè)片、背側(cè)鬃、小盾片鬃、前足跗節(jié)、后足腿節(jié)、前緣脈指數(shù)、SC脈、腹部氣門、尾器等。雌雄二型的差異主要表現(xiàn)在:觸角、小盾片鬃、翅、腹部氣門、腹部背板斑紋等特征。拍攝特征圖片500多幅。對(duì)遼寧省異蚤蠅分布格局進(jìn)行了初步研究,遼寧省各市均有異蚤蠅的分布。異蚤蠅種類數(shù)目東部地區(qū)最多,中部地區(qū)次之,西部地區(qū)最少。
[Abstract]:Megaselia belongs to the family Diptera, Phoroidaeae, and Metopininaeae. At present, there are more than 1500 species known in the world, and more than 60% are monoecious species, and most of them are male species. The heteroflea fly is small in size and has obvious sexual dimorphism, which makes it difficult for both sexes to match. Some species morphological identification lack of effective identification characteristics, resulting in species identification doubt. DNA bar code can solve these problems to a large extent. Based on the characteristics of mitochondrial COI gene and morphology, some species of Daphnia in Liaoning Province were matched and morphologically described, and the geographical pattern of Daphnia heteroflea in Liaoning Province was preliminarily discussed. Through the construction of MP tree and NJ tree, 45 species, including 5 species of outer group, were clustered into one branch with a support rate of more than 96%, of which 40 species (subspecies) were successfully paired with each other in 38 species (subspecies). The sequence of heteroflea flies has obvious base preference. The content of G C is 32.3.40 species (subspecies). The range of sequence difference in species (subspecies) is 6.93- 23.370.00-0.85. similar to other groups, the slightly larger. NJ tree and MP tree show that the difference of the sequence between the species (subspecies) and the subspecies (subspecies) is slightly larger than that in the other groups, and the difference range between the species (subspecies) and the subspecies (subspecies) is 6.93-23.370.85, similar to that of other groups. The species of heteroflea were not obviously separated from the other groups, and the range of sequence difference between genera overlapped with that of species, which proved the homology of the genus Iflea at molecular level. 38 species (subspecies) of heterofleas are described, including group 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1997559