本文選題：海水淡化 + 冷凍脫鹽��； 參考：《北京建筑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：海邊LNG接收站內(nèi)LNG氣化所產(chǎn)生的冷能目前只有20%~30%被利用,造成了能源浪費(fèi)并對(duì)環(huán)境形成冷污染,與此同時(shí),淡水資源缺乏使海水淡化產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速。海水淡化方法中冷凍法沒有用于商業(yè)推廣的主要原因是冷能成本高和脫鹽率低。若能將LNG冷能用于海水淡化,并結(jié)合其他脫鹽方式提高脫鹽率,對(duì)基于冷凍法的海水淡化技術(shù)發(fā)展是很有意義的。本文針對(duì)基于冷凍過程和LNG冷能的海水淡化問題開展了兩部分實(shí)驗(yàn)研究工作,即基于冰箱內(nèi)靜態(tài)制冰過程的實(shí)驗(yàn)和基于LNG冷能的海水淡化工藝模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)。本文實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康脑谟跇?gòu)建基于冷凍過程的復(fù)合脫鹽方法并研究影響總體脫鹽率的主要因素。冰箱內(nèi)實(shí)驗(yàn)主要是研究了冷凍過程中結(jié)冰速率和結(jié)冰率以及冷凍、冷凍+重力脫鹽、冷凍+粉碎+離心脫鹽三種脫鹽方式對(duì)脫鹽和濃縮效果的影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)得到以下結(jié)論:(1)冷凍脫鹽的脫鹽率隨結(jié)冰速率的增大而減小,隨結(jié)冰率的增大先增大后減小。相同條件下,單向傳熱的脫鹽效果比多向傳熱的脫鹽效果好。冷凍+重力脫鹽效果明顯優(yōu)于單純冷凍脫鹽的效果。冷凍+離心相結(jié)合可以提高脫鹽效果,并且其效果優(yōu)于冷凍+重力的脫鹽效果。冷凍+重力+離心脫鹽,脫鹽率大于95%,若把條件優(yōu)化,有望達(dá)到國家飲用水的質(zhì)量濃度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)�；诒鋬�(nèi)靜態(tài)制冰過程的實(shí)驗(yàn),設(shè)計(jì)了基于LNG冷能的海水淡化工藝模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,主要開展了冷媒算術(shù)平均溫度對(duì)脫鹽效果的影響實(shí)驗(yàn),并得到以下主要結(jié)論:(2)在實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置冷凍制得的冰,隨冷媒算術(shù)平均溫度的增加,冰質(zhì)地的松散程度越來越大;冰的脫鹽率隨冷媒算術(shù)平均溫度的增加而降低,原因可能是冷媒溫度高所制得的冰質(zhì)疏松,容易攜帶更多的原海水。冷凍+重力脫鹽、冷凍+離心脫鹽、冷凍+重力+離心脫鹽的脫鹽率隨冷媒算術(shù)平均溫度的增加而增加,與冰箱內(nèi)靜態(tài)制冰實(shí)驗(yàn)一致。(3)采用冷凍+離心脫鹽與冷凍+重力+離心脫鹽方法對(duì)Mg2+、Ca2+、Cl-的脫除率隨冷媒算術(shù)平均溫度的增加而升高,而冷凍+重力脫鹽中Mg2+、Cl-的脫除率隨冷媒算術(shù)平均溫度的增加而升高,Ca2+的脫除率隨冷媒算術(shù)平均溫度的增加而降低。(4)在本文實(shí)驗(yàn)中得到的濃鹽水(濃海水)的濃度不能直接到到日曬制鹵所達(dá)到的鹽度17.7%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但大部分濃鹽水濃度都高于6%,可以節(jié)約占地面積,加快制鹽速度,有生產(chǎn)意義。(5)浸泡與粉碎都能提高冷凍離心的脫鹽率,但會(huì)降低冷凍脫鹽過程的產(chǎn)水率,其他影響因素還需進(jìn)一步研究。(6)不同條件下形成的冰體微觀結(jié)構(gòu)不同,需要進(jìn)一步研究探究其規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:At present, only 20% of the cold energy generated by LNG gasification in the LNG receiving station by the sea has been utilized, which has caused energy waste and cold pollution to the environment. At the same time, the lack of fresh water resources has made the desalination industry develop rapidly. The main reasons for the lack of commercial application of freezing method in seawater desalination are high cold energy cost and low desalinization rate. If LNG cold energy can be used in seawater desalination and other desalination methods can be used to increase desalination rate, it will be of great significance to the development of seawater desalination technology based on freezing method. In this paper, two parts of experimental research on seawater desalination based on freezing process and LNG cold energy are carried out, that is, the static ice making process in refrigerator and the simulation experiment of seawater desalination process based on LNG cold energy. The purpose of this paper is to construct a composite desalination method based on freezing process and to study the main factors affecting the total desalination rate. The effects of freezing rate, freezing rate and freezing, gravity desalination and centrifugal desalination on desalination and concentration were studied in refrigerator. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the desalinization rate decreases with the increase of freezing rate and increases first and then decreases with the increase of freezing rate. Under the same conditions, the desalination effect of unidirectional heat transfer is better than that of multidirectional heat transfer. The effect of freezing gravity desalting is better than that of pure freezing desalination. Combined freezing centrifugation can improve the desalting effect, and its effect is better than that of freezing gravity. The desalination rate of freezing gravity centrifugal desalination is greater than 95. If the conditions are optimized, it is expected to reach the national drinking water quality concentration standard. Based on the experiment of static ice making process in refrigerator, the simulation scheme of seawater desalination process based on LNG cold energy was designed, and the effect of arithmetic average temperature of refrigerant on desalination effect was mainly carried out. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) with the increase of the arithmetic mean temperature of refrigerant, the looseness of ice texture increases, and the desalinization rate of ice decreases with the increase of arithmetic mean temperature of refrigerant. The reason may be that the ice produced by the high temperature refrigerant is loose and easy to carry more raw seawater. The desalination rate of freezing gravity desalination, freezing centrifugal desalination and freezing gravity centrifuge desalination increases with the increase of the arithmetic mean temperature of refrigerant. The desalination rate of mg _ 2 ~ (2 +) Ca ~ (2 +) Cl ~ (-) increased with the increase of the arithmetic mean temperature of refrigerant by freezing centrifugal desalination and freezing gravity centrifugation desalination. However, the removal rate of Mg2 + Cl- in freezing gravity desalination increased with the increase of the arithmetic mean temperature of refrigerant. The removal rate of Ca 2 + decreased with the increase of arithmetic mean temperature of refrigerant. The degree of salinity cannot be reached directly to the standard of 17.7% of the salinity of the brine made by the sun, But the concentration of most of the concentrated brine is higher than 6, which can save land area, accelerate the speed of salt making, have productive significance. Soaking and crushing can increase the desalinization rate of freezing centrifugation, but it will reduce the water production rate in the process of freezing desalination. Other influencing factors need to be further studied. (6) the microstructure of ice body formed under different conditions is different, and the law of ice body formation needs to be further studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京建筑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P747

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本文編號(hào)：1996229