發(fā)布時間：2018-06-08 08:02

  本文選題：山洪災(zāi)害 + 暴雨時空特征��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,山洪預(yù)警系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用到我國大部分省(市),臨界雨量是進(jìn)行山洪預(yù)警的重要指標(biāo)。在山洪災(zāi)害分析計算中,設(shè)計雨型是產(chǎn)匯流計算中常用參數(shù),使用不同的雨型,將明顯影響到設(shè)計洪峰等成果,導(dǎo)致臨界雨量成果產(chǎn)生變化�，F(xiàn)行分析計算中,設(shè)計雨型常使用圖集、水文手冊中根據(jù)大中流域資料推求的雨型,該雨型能否適應(yīng)于小流域推求臨界雨量?此外,全球氣候不斷變暖,極端暴雨事件常有發(fā)生,圖集雨型推求的臨界雨量能否滿足極端降雨形成災(zāi)害的預(yù)警精度要求?為解決以上問題,論文以河南省裴河小流域典型防災(zāi)對象為實例,根據(jù)小流域暴雨洪水資料,在深入分析小流域綜合雨型和產(chǎn)匯流方案合理性的基礎(chǔ)上,開展不同雨型對山洪災(zāi)害臨界雨量的影響研究,對指導(dǎo)山洪災(zāi)害實時預(yù)警具有重要意義。論文主要研究內(nèi)容和成果如下:(1)根據(jù)河南省新縣裴河水文站32年實測降雨資料,詳細(xì)分析了該水文站所在小流域暴雨時空分布特征。結(jié)果表明,研究區(qū)小流域?qū)嶋H降雨過程常出現(xiàn)雙峰雨型降雨,與《河南省中小流域設(shè)計暴雨洪水圖集》(84圖集)推薦的單峰雨型存在差異。(2)根據(jù)長期實測降雨資料,采用PC雨型法和同頻率分析雨型法,推求了裴河小流域常見的短歷時設(shè)計雨型,并根據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)亟跇O端實測降雨資料,推求極端降雨雨型。結(jié)果表明,推求的雨型為雙峰雨型,與該小流域暴雨時空分布特征相似,PC法推求的雨型,最大雨峰靠后,同頻率分析法及近期極端暴雨推求的雨型,最大雨峰靠前。(3)根據(jù)裴河流域長系列降雨洪水配套資料,對本文設(shè)計洪水和臨界雨量推求中所采用的產(chǎn)匯流計算方法及參數(shù)進(jìn)行了合理性分析。結(jié)果表明,《河南省中小流域設(shè)計暴雨洪水圖集》(84圖集)中山丘區(qū)降雨徑流關(guān)系曲線Ⅰ線適用于研究區(qū)小流域;采用國家下發(fā)的工作地圖中提供的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化單位線進(jìn)行匯流計算,與實際洪水的洪峰較為接近,該產(chǎn)匯流方案適用于本研究區(qū)。(4)采用降雨徑流關(guān)系曲線插值法推求不同雨型對應(yīng)的臨界雨量,分析雨型對臨界雨量的影響程度。結(jié)果表明,預(yù)警時段為1h和2h推算的臨界雨量,由于歷時較短,與圖集中雨型推求的臨界雨量相差不大;預(yù)警時段為3h推算的臨界雨量,與圖集中雨型推求的臨界雨量相差較大,誤差在5%~25%之間;預(yù)警時段為6h的預(yù)警時段,由于出現(xiàn)雙峰雨型,與圖集中雨型推求的臨界雨量具有明顯差別,誤差在10%~50%之間�？芍�,根據(jù)圖集雨型推求的雨型并不能完全適應(yīng)于小流域,雨型的不同對于臨界雨量具有較大影響,山洪災(zāi)害預(yù)警作業(yè)中,應(yīng)根據(jù)近期天氣預(yù)報信息,預(yù)測可能出現(xiàn)的雨型,在此基礎(chǔ)上,合理選擇預(yù)警指標(biāo),準(zhǔn)確發(fā)布預(yù)警指令。本文的研究內(nèi)容及結(jié)果,可為山洪臨界雨量的計算補充實際及理論研究支撐,使預(yù)警更加精細(xì)化、多樣化,同時對于實際山洪預(yù)警工作具有參考價值。
[Abstract]:At present, mountain flood warning system has been widely used in most provinces (cities and cities) in China, critical rainfall is an important index for early warning of mountain torrents. In the analysis and calculation of mountain torrents, the design rain type is a commonly used parameter in the calculation of runoff yield and confluence. The use of different rain patterns will obviously affect the results of design Hong Feng and lead to the change of critical rainfall results. In the current analysis and calculation, the design rain pattern is often used in the atlas, and the rainfall pattern derived from the data of the large and medium basins in the hydrological manual is suitable for the calculation of critical rainfall in small watersheds. In addition, the global climate is warming and extreme rainstorm events often occur. Can the critical rainfall calculated by atlas can meet the requirement of warning accuracy of extreme rainfall formation disasters? In order to solve the above problems, taking the typical disaster prevention object of Pei River watershed in Henan Province as an example, based on the rainstorm and flood data of small watershed, the rationality of integrated rain pattern and runoff production and confluence scheme of small watershed is deeply analyzed. It is of great significance to study the influence of different rain patterns on the critical rainfall of mountain torrents and to guide the real time early warning of mountain torrents. The main contents and results of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the 32 year rainfall data of Peihe Hydrological Station in Xinxian County, Henan Province, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rainstorm in the small watershed of the hydrologic station are analyzed in detail. The results show that bimodal rainfall often occurs in the actual rainfall process of the small watershed in the study area, which is different from the single peak rain pattern recommended by the "Design rainstorm Flood Atlas of the Middle and small Watershed of Henan Province". By using the PC rain pattern method and the same frequency analysis rain pattern method, the common short-duration design rain patterns in Pei River small watershed are derived, and the extreme rainfall patterns are deduced according to the local extreme rainfall data in the near future. The results show that the rain pattern obtained is bimodal rain pattern, similar to that obtained by PC method, similar to the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of rainstorm in this small watershed, and the rain pattern calculated by the same frequency analysis method and recent extreme rainstorm is similar to that obtained by PC method. Based on the data of long series rainfall flood in Pei River Basin, the calculation methods and parameters of runoff yield and confluence used in the calculation of design flood and critical rainfall are analyzed. The results show that line I of the rainfall runoff relationship curve in hilly area is suitable for the small watershed in the study area, and the standard unit line provided in the working map issued by the State is used to calculate the confluence. The scheme of runoff yield and confluence is suitable for the study area. (4) using the interpolation method of rainfall runoff relation curve, the critical rainfall corresponding to different rain patterns is calculated, and the influence degree of rain type on critical rainfall is analyzed. The results show that the critical rainfall calculated in the early warning period of 1 h and 2 h has little difference with the critical rainfall calculated in the atlas due to its short duration, and the critical rainfall calculated in the early warning period is 3 h. The difference between the critical rainfall and the rain type in the atlas is quite large, the error is between 5% and 25%, and in the early warning period of 6 h, the critical rainfall is obviously different from the rain type in the atlas because of the bimodal rain type, and the error is between 10% and 50%. It can be concluded that the rain pattern derived from the map set can not be fully adapted to the small watershed, and the different rain patterns have great influence on the critical rainfall. In the early warning operation of mountain torrents, the possible rain patterns should be predicted according to the recent weather forecast information. On this basis, the reasonable selection of early warning indicators, the accurate issuance of early warning instructions. The research contents and results of this paper can supplement the practical and theoretical research support for the calculation of the critical rainfall of mountain torrents, and make the early warning more refined and diversified. At the same time, it has reference value for the actual mountain torrents early warning work.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P426.616

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 楊順泉,魏軍才;湖南省山洪災(zāi)害高發(fā)的原因分析及防治對策[J];湖南地質(zhì);2001年01期

2 杜保存;山西省山洪災(zāi)害特點與防治[J];山西水利科技;2005年03期

3 方云祥;關(guān)偉;王曉輝;;安徽省山洪災(zāi)害成因分析[J];國土與自然資源研究;2007年01期

4 饒印泉;;撫州市山洪災(zāi)害特性分析[J];科技廣場;2007年07期

5 王心;;山洪災(zāi)害防災(zāi)預(yù)案及救災(zāi)措施[J];中國科技信息;2008年13期

6 達(dá)仁加甫;;以人為本科學(xué)防治山洪災(zāi)害[J];中國西部科技;2008年25期

7 王海江;周國軍;楊志新;郭寶順;;淺談山洪災(zāi)害[J];黑龍江科技信息;2009年10期

8 章德武;諶宏偉;;山洪災(zāi)害致災(zāi)因子分析與防治措施[J];中國水運(下半月刊);2011年03期

9 崔亞軍;劉冠華;;略論河南省山洪災(zāi)害防御體系建設(shè)[J];河南水利與南水北調(diào);2011年03期

10 ;山洪災(zāi)害知識[J];山西水利;2012年07期

相關(guān)會議論文 前10條

1 唐亞來;;莆田市涵江區(qū)防治山洪災(zāi)害的一些對策[A];海峽西岸防抗臺風(fēng)抗洪搶險救災(zāi)論壇論文集[C];2007年

2 劉蘇峽;夏軍;蔡強國;王隨繼;舒暢;鄭超磊;;汶川特大地震災(zāi)后山洪災(zāi)害預(yù)估與應(yīng)對措施[A];中國科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會2008防災(zāi)減災(zāi)論壇論文集[C];2008年

3 唐亞來;;莆田市涵江區(qū)防治山洪災(zāi)害的一些對策[A];福建省第十二屆水利水電青年學(xué)術(shù)交流會論文集[C];2008年

4 孫厚才;;中國山洪災(zāi)害研究現(xiàn)狀綜述[A];“全國水土流失與江河泥沙災(zāi)害及其防治對策”學(xué)術(shù)研討會會議文摘[C];2003年

5 馬建華;胡維忠;;我國山洪災(zāi)害防災(zāi)形勢及防治對策[A];人水和諧及新疆水資源可持續(xù)利用——中國科協(xié)2005學(xué)術(shù)年會論文集[C];2005年

6 林捷;王俊英;;福建省山洪災(zāi)害現(xiàn)狀及防治對策措施[A];科學(xué)規(guī)劃與用水安全——福建省科協(xié)第六屆學(xué)術(shù)年會水利分會論文集[C];2006年

7 梁旭輝;;防治山洪災(zāi)害問題的幾點思考[A];海峽西岸防抗臺風(fēng)抗洪搶險救災(zāi)論壇論文集[C];2007年

8 張朝明;;周寧縣山洪災(zāi)害的成因、現(xiàn)狀和防治對策[A];海峽西岸防抗臺風(fēng)抗洪搶險救災(zāi)論壇論文集[C];2007年

9 羅小青;;連城縣山洪災(zāi)害成因及防御和治理[A];海峽西岸防抗臺風(fēng)抗洪搶險救災(zāi)論壇論文集[C];2007年

10 林立德;;福建省山洪災(zāi)害成因分析及防治對策[A];海峽西岸防抗臺風(fēng)抗洪搶險救災(zāi)論壇論文集[C];2007年

相關(guān)重要報紙文章 前10條

1 聶建春;加強山洪災(zāi)害防御知識宣傳[N];安徽日報;2007年

2 本版編輯 孫厚才 沙耘 黃志鵬（作者單位：中國地質(zhì)大學(xué)，長江委長江科學(xué)院，，長江委網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息中心） 徐憲彪（作者單位：國家防汛抗旱總指揮部辦公室）;聚焦山洪災(zāi)害[N];人民長江報;2006年

3 記者 王鑫;國家防總召開部分�。ㄊ�、區(qū)）防御山洪災(zāi)害座談會[N];中國水利報;2002年

4 本報記者 徐文青 供稿;與山洪災(zāi)害的較量[N];中國水利報;2008年

5 通訊員 閆靖靖;陜西全力提升山洪災(zāi)害防御能力[N];中國氣象報;2010年

6 王劍;陜西全力提升山洪災(zāi)害防御能力[N];黃河報;2010年

7 記者 林琳　通訊員 王劍;我省將用3至5年時間提升山洪災(zāi)害防御能力[N];陜西日報;2010年

8 通訊員 吳澤坤;寧強山洪災(zāi)害防御試點建設(shè)通過國家驗收[N];漢中日報;2010年

9 記者 方由朝 實習(xí)生 趙金虎;商州1800名預(yù)警員織成山洪防護(hù)網(wǎng)[N];商洛日報;2010年

10 宗禾;河南下達(dá)山洪災(zāi)害補助資金1.3億元[N];中國財經(jīng)報;2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 張李川;小流域雨型對山洪災(zāi)害臨界雨量的影響研究[D];鄭州大學(xué);2017年

2 劉效雨;重慶市山洪災(zāi)害的初步研究[D];西南大學(xué);2009年

3 任春鳳;山東省小流域山洪災(zāi)害預(yù)警指標(biāo)分析研究與應(yīng)用[D];山東大學(xué);2015年

4 劉鑫W

本文編號：1995249